Enrofloxacin and Probiotic Lactobacilli Influence PepT1 and LEAP-2 mRNA Expression in Poultry (original) (raw)
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Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2018
Poultry feed is often supplemented by Lactobacillus probiotics which may alter drug bioavailability by affecting the expression of intestinal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. Therefore the effect of probiotics, administered alone or in combination with enrofloxacin, on the expression of ABCB1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 mRNAs in chickens was evaluated. Day-old Ross chicks (n=24) were divided in four equal groups. Control group was not treated. The second group received feed with addition of probiotics Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum and L. bulgaricus 5 days after hatching, for 15 days. The third group received probiotics as described above and enrofloxacin at the age of 15 days (10 mg/kg, via drinking water for 5 days). The last group received enrofloxacin at age of 15 days (10 mg/kg, via drinking water for 5 days). Expression of ABC transporters in liver, duodenum and jejunum was determined by qRT-PCR. Down-regulation of ABCG2 mRNA in the liver (P<0.05), its up-regulation in the duodenum (P<0.05) and increased ABCB1 mRNA levels in the jejunum (P<0.05) can be attributed to enrofloxacin treatment. Decrease in ABCC2 mRNA expression in the duodenum can be associated with enrofloxacin administration. The observed changes were related to enrofloxacin administration and to lesser extent to Lactobacillus supplementation.
2017
The function of immune system of poultry has a significant impact on poultry husbandry sustainability. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria administered with enrofloxacin or doxycycline on expression levels of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-3 (CATH3) at mRNA level in the duodenum, jejunum and liver of broilers. A day-old Ross (n=24) and Duc (n=24) chickens were included in experiments with enrofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. They were divided into four groups (n=6) for each experiment: control, supplemented with probiotics (15 days via feed, 5 days after hatching), treated with either enrofloxacin or doxycycline (10 mg.kg for 5 days, via drinking water) and treated with antibiotic and probiotics. Expression levels of CATH3 mRNA in liver, duodenum and jejunum were determined by RT-PCR and were statistically evaluated by Mann-Whitney test.Administration of probiotics led to insignificant down-regulation of CATH3 mRNA in the ...
Effects of Commercial Probiotics on Productive and Physiological Performance of Broiler Chickens
2014
A study was undertaken to test the effect of three commercially available probiotics on productive and physiological performance, immune organ weights, duodenum histomorphology and intestinal microbial examinations of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 oneweek-old Cabb500 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates each group. 20 broiler chickens were placed in each replicate and the experiment lasted 6 weeks after start. Results revealed that supplementation of broiler diets with different types of probiotics have positive effects (numerically but insignificant) on both body weights and feed conversion ratio. Results of immunocompetent organ weights indicated significant differences in the weights of some lymphoid organs among the experimental groups. Results of total serum protein (STP), serum albumin (SA), serum globulin (SG) and serum immunoglobulin type M (SIgM) at 5 weeks of age revealed a significant (P≤ 0.05) increase in STP, SA, SG and SIgM of the tr...
A total of 90 one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed on balanced ration for 15 days and then divided into 3 equal groups. Control group fed ration probiotic free, group 2 and 3 fed ration supplemented with probiotic at concentration levels 0.5 and 1.0g/kg ration respectively for 4 weeks.It was found that probiotic improve body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Relative organs weights were not altered in groups of birds fed ration mixed with probiotic. Serum values of biochemical parameter (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, A/G ratio, Ph) were not significantly changed in comparison to control group. Probiotic enhance the immune response of broiler chickens in a dose dependent relation as documented by increasing the serumNDHI antibody geometric mean titres to ND vaccine, phagocyte percentage and phagocytic index of peripheral blood monocyte of broiler chickens. We concluded that probiotic composed of 3 strains of bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococaoccus pentosaceus and Bacillus Amylolique-faciens) in addition to 2 strains of yeast(Pichia farinose and Dekera anomala) enhance body weight gain, feed conversion, growth performance and Newcastle disease antibody titres in broiler chickens. Moreover, probiotic was safe as proved by serum biochemical profile and relative organ weight of male broiler chickens.
Microorganisms
The reduction of antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community. In a few decades, infections by resistant bacteria are forecasted to be the main cause of death in the world. The withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters and their preventive use in animal production is essential to avoid these resistances, but this may impair productivity and health due to the increase in gut inflammation. This reduction in productivity aggravates the problem of increasing meat demand in developing countries and limits the availability of raw materials. Probiotics are promising products to address this challenge due to their beneficial effects on microbiota composition, mucosal barrier integrity, and immune system to control inflammation. Although many modes of action have been demonstrated, the scientific community is not able to describe the specific effects that a probiotic should induce on the host to maximize both productivity and animal health. First, it may be ...
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2019
This study was conducted on 120 one day old broiler chicks which were divided into six groups, 20 birds each. Group 1 (control), group 2 (supplemented with probiotic), group 3 (challenged with Salmonella and receive no probiotic), group 4 (challenged with E coli and receive no probiotic), group 5 (challenged with Salmonella and supplemented with probiotic), group 6 (challenged with E coli and supplemented with probiotic). The experiment extended for 30 days starting from one-day-old chicks. Body weights, clinical symptoms, haematological analysis and postmortem lesions were demonstrated on 8 th , 15 th and 30 th day of the experiment. Also, histopathological studies of the intestinal mucosa, liver, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, as well as immunostaining of surface antigens (CD3A in the thymus and CD79A in the spleen and bursae of Fabricius), were also investigated. The current study revealed that supplementation of probiotic alone obviously improved weight gains as compared to the control group. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation decreased the colony forming a unit (CFU) of Salmonella enteritidis and E. coli (strain O2: H45) in the intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically, the intestinal mucosa showed an improvement which indicated by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium and abundance of goblet cells, but this local effect did not extend to other organs in the body that demonstrated mild to severe histopathological changes in challenged groups. The haematological analysis also verified that treatment with probiotics had no significant effect on most blood values (RBCs, WBCs and Hb). However, the differential leucocytic counts were significantly influenced by dietary treatment with probiotics which caused a highly significant decrease in lymphocyte percentage. In conclusion, probiotics obviously improved the growth performance and local immune response in the intestine, however no clear evidence of improvement of the general immune status of the experimental birds.
Kumar, L., Singh, P.K., Chandramoni and Kumar, M. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation of combination of probiotics on the growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13: 15-25. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different probiotics i.e Lactiflora (Lactobacillus acidophilus), Provisacc (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance, nutrient retention and immune responses of broiler chickens. Two hundred forty day-old broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly allotted to one of four treatments on the basis of body weight in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 60 chicks arranged in 3 replicates of 20 chicks each and reared for a period of 42 days. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any probiotics (control, T1 basal diet only), T2 (T1 + Lactiflora @ 0.05%), T3 (T1 + Provisacc @ 0.05%) and T4 (T1 + Lactoiflora @ 0.05% + Provisacc @ 0.05%). Chicks were vaccinated with New Castle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and antibody titer was determined to assess the humoral immune response. Blood parameters analysis and a metabolism trial of three days duration was conducted during 6th week of growing periods. Dietary supplementation of probiotics significantly (P<0.05) enhanced growth performance by improving body weight gain, performance index and protein efficiency ratio. Growth performance and nutrient retention of Lactiflora supplemented group (T2) was significantly (P<0.05) better then control (T1) and Provisacc supplemented group (T3) but comparable to combination group (T4). Broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with probiotics showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in cholesterol concentration compared to control group. Supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae either alone or in combination improved the antibody titres to NDV and IBDV as compared to untreated control group for all period of observation. It was concluded that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation at the rate of 0.05% each is beneficial in improving growth performance, nutrient utilization and immune response of broiler chicken.
Evaluation of The Immunological and Growth Enhancing Effect of Probiotic Used in Poultry Ration
Journal of Current Veterinary Research, 2019
A total of 60 one day old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were used, the chicks were first weighted and randomly assigned into three experimental groups (20 chicks per each), the first group (G1) was negative control and received basal diet, the second one (G2) was a positive control and received basal diet and challenged orally with mixed culture of Salmonella Pullorum and Salmonella Gallinarum (1x10 8 /ml) at 25 days of age, the third one(G3) received the probiotic mix from 1 day of age this mix contained: Bacillus subtilis MORI 91 [2×10 8 colony forming unit (cfu)/g], Clostridium butyricum M7 (2.06×10 8 cfu/g), Lactobacillus plantarumK34 (2×10 8 cfu/g), and challenged orally with mixed culture of S.Pullorum and S.Gallinarumat 25 days of age. The results of the cytokines and inflammatory markers were detected as follows: the first group gave (105, 89.5, and 68.1), the second group gave (160,135, and 115), and the third group gave (85, 65.3, and 56.3) for IFN-γ, IL12, and IL4 respectively. The results of body weights and feed conversion ratios were: the first group gave (1550 and1.91), the second group gave (1300 and 1.8), and the third group gave (1800 and 2.01) respectively. Furthermore, the results of mortalities, and PM lesions were: the first group showed 4/20 (20%) dead chicks with enteritis, while the second group showed7/20 (35%) dead chicks with enteritis and enlargement with necrosis of the liver, spleen and kidneys, and the third group showed 2/20 (10%) dead chicks with enlargement of the liver, spleen and kidney. For the hematological parameters the first group gave (30.65 ± 0.85, 2.82 ± 0.31, and 9.25 ± 0.16), the second group gave (28.26± 0.76, 2.62 ± 0.23, and 8.75± 0.26), and the third group expressed (34.85± 1, 3.66 ± 0.25, and 10.5.13 ± 0.37) for PCV, mean RBCs (10 6 µl-1), and hemoglobin, respectively. There was a significant difference in the results of cytokines, body weight, feed conversion ratios, mortality rate, PM lesions, and hematological parameters between the probiotic treated and the control groups with P < 0.05. It was concluded that the probiotic mix enhanced the growth and hematological parameters, also it lowered the inflammatory markers and the mortalities.
Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2012
A study was conducted to determine the effects of a dietary probiotic (a commonly used feed additive) and a posthatch holding time (0, 12, 24, and 36 h posthatching) on the growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of male broiler chicks. The study used a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Eight experimental groups were formed by 2 levels of dietary probiotic supplementation [control and a dietary probiotic (Protexin), 0.5 kg/ ton] and 4 posthatch holding times (0, 12, 24, and 36 h). There were 4 replications for each treatment group, with each replication consisting of 20 birds. Depending on the time interval between arrival at the experimental site and feeding, holding chicks before free access to water and feed had a negative effect (P < 0.001) on BW and feed consumption, whereas FE was improved, presumably because of reduced feed intake. Similarly, mortality rates were lower in groups fed immediately or after a 12-h holding time as compared with groups held 24 or 36 h before feeding. During the second 3-wk feeding period, these differences disappeared (P > 0.05). A significant decrease in d 10 intestinal pH (P < 0.05) was noted in groups with probiotic supplementation (6.59 vs. 6.42). The number of lactobacilli in control chicks was significantly higher (7.96 vs. 7.13 and 7.28) than that in groups with a posthatch holding time before feeding on d 10 (P < 0.01). In brief, exposure to delayed feed access impaired early growth performance and microbiological measures in the gastrointestinal tract of fast-growing broiler chicks, and supplementing broiler chicks with a dietary probiotic was not an effective tool for ameliorating these negative effects.
Journal of Applied Animal Research
This study was done to evaluate the effects of two dietary probiotic preparations (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility and cytokine gene expression in broiler chickens. A total of 180 male broiler chicks (one-day-old Ross 308 strain, average initial body weight = 40.05 ± 0.12) were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) composed of 3 treatments and 6 replicates. Experimental diets included: (1) basal diet (without additive), (2) basal diet plus 0.5 g/kg diet B. subtilis preparation (1 × 10 9 CFU/g), (3) basal diet plus 0.5 g/kg diet B. licheniformis preparation (1 × 10 9 CFU/g). The results showed that supplementation of B. licheniformis improved (P < 0.05) broilers' body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF). Adding B. licheniformis caused the lowest (P < 0.01) feed cost per kilogram weight gain and the highest (P < 0.05) return of investment (ROI). Probiotic treatments significantly decreased (P < 0.01) ileal pH of the broilers. Probiotic treatments improved (P < 0.01) apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and total tract digestibility of protein. It was concluded that although both probiotic bacteria improved AME and total tract protein digestibility, B. licheniformis was superior to B. subtilis in improving broiler chickens' BWG (2580.70 vs. 2427.45 g) and their PEF (418.95 vs. 374.49).