Pathovar specific molecular detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot disease in cabbage (original) (raw)
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Isolation, biochemical characterization and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Cabbage is one of the important cole crop grown around the world. Cabbage is susceptible to numerous diseases. However, the most destructive among them is black rot. Pathogen was isolated from leaves showing typical V-shaped lesions and identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris through morphological and biochemical characteristics. The biochemical tests showed that Xcc is small rod shaped, gram negative in gram staining and gave positive result for KOH test, starch hydrolysis test and negative for oxidase test. Pathogenicity of Xcc was confirmed according to Kotch's postulate.
Plant Pathology, 2018
Molecular characterization, comparison of screening methods, and evaluation of crosspathogenicity of black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) strains from cabbage, choy sum, leafy mustard, and pak choi from Taiwan
The Plant Pathology Journal, 2020
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen of black rot which is the most destructive disease of Brassica vegetables throughout the world. Here, we reported two novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (i.e., XccR6-60 and XccR6-67) for the detection of Xcc race 6 via re-alignment of the complete genome sequences of Xcc races/strains/pathovars. The specificity of SCAR primer sets was verified by mean of PCR amplification using the genomic DNA template of Xcc races/strains/pathovars and two other plant infecting bacterial strains. The PCR result revealed that the XccR6-60 and XccR6-67 primer sets amplified 692-bp and 917-bp DNA fragments, respectively, specifically from race 6, while no visible amplification was detected in other samples. In addition, the SCAR primers were highly sensitive and can detect from a very low concentration of genomic DNA of Xcc race 6. However, the complete genome sequence of Xcc race 6 is not yet publicly available. There...
Allelic profile of Serbian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates from cabbage
Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 2020
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), is one of the most important bacteria which affect proper cabbage growth, leading to head weight and quality losses and thereby drastically reducing its marketing value. The pathogen is genetically diverse, which is evident from the presence of eleven races worldwide and more than thirty combinations of allelic profiles. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelic profiles of Serbian cabbage Xcc strains obtained in 2014. The analysis was done on three selected Xcc strains whose DNA was first amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four housekeeping genes - P-XdnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD, then sequenced, and the obtained sequences were finally used to determine allelic profiles. Allelic profiles were determined by comparison with 33 Xcc strains obtained from different hosts and regions, whose allelic profiles had been determined prev...
Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 2019
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a plant pathogen of cruciferous crops that causes black rot disease throughout the world. At present, based on the host-pathogen interactions among differential cultivars of Brassica crops, 11 pathogenic Xcc races have been identified, but the race identification method based on host-pathogen interactions is time-consuming. However, early and rapid detection of the pathogen could reduce economic loss by allowing appropriate control measures against black rot disease to be taken more quickly. In this study, a PCR-based molecular marker has been developed for identifying the Xcc race 1 and Xcc race 2 bacterial strains together. The specificity of the marker was tested by PCR using 8 available Xcc races, X. campestris strains, and other bacteria. Upon amplification, a polymorphic band was observed in the PCR amplicon with a size of 1523 bp and 929 bp in Xcc races 1 and 2, respectively. A deletion of 594 bp conferred the specificity in Xcc race 2 compared to race 1. The identified PCR-based molecular marker clearly discriminated the Xcc race 1 and race 2 from other races when tested in artificially infected cabbage leaves. Thus, PCR-based development of an Xcc race 1-and 2-specific marker could be a valuable tool for the accurate detection of Xcc race 1 and 2 together for implementing control measures more quickly. Keywords Molecular marker • PCR assay • Xcc • Races 1 and 2 • Bio-PCR • Black rot disease • Cabbage Communicated by Sung-Chur Sim.
Plant Disease, 2010
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was found in 28 sampled cabbage fields in five major cabbage-growing districts in Nepal in 2001 and in four cauliflower fields in two districts and a leaf mustard seed bed in 2003. Pathogenic X. campestris pv. campestris strains were obtained from 39 cabbage plants, 4 cauliflower plants, and 1 leaf mustard plant with typical lesions. Repetitive DNA polymerase chain reaction-based fingerprinting (rep-PCR) using repetitive extragenic palindromic, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, and BOX primers was used to assess the genetic diversity. Strains were also race typed using a differential series of Brassica spp. Cabbage strains belonged to five races (races 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7), with races 4, 1, and 6 the most common. All cauliflower strains were race 4 and the leaf mustard strain was race 6. A dendrogram derived from the combined rep-PCR profiles showed that the Nepalese X. campestris pv. campestris strains clustered...
The genetic diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates from South Africa was evaluated using 28 isolates obtained from the Johannesburg Fresh Produce Market. Samples were collected from cabbage supplies from farms in Gauteng, Mpumalanga and North West Provinces. Strains were isolated from small sections of infected cabbage leaf samples and cultured on Yeast Dextrose Agar. Isolates identity was confirmed by ELISA and Pathogenicity test. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating leaves of known susceptible cabbage seedlings. Infection symptoms induced could be categorized into three groups, ranging from typical to non-typical black rot symptoms. Four differential Brassica cultivars with known avirulence genes were used for race typing done by spray inoculation. Four races, namely 1, 3, 4 and 6, were identified. Of the 28 isolates, four were identified as race 1, two as race 3, 19 as race 4 and three as race 6. Repetitive DNA polymerase chain reaction-based fingerprinting using Eric- and Box-primers was used to assess the genetic diversity. Generated fingerprints of X. c pv. campestris were relatively similar. Cluster analysis could not strictly group isolates by their geographical origin, suggesting limited diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains within cabbage producing regions in South Africa.
Plant Disease
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a causative agent of black rot disease of cruciferous crops. A whole-genome sequence of any race of X. campestris pv. campestris has not been reported from India. The isolate Xcc-C7, race 4, of X. campestris pv. campestris was isolated from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) from Bengaluru, in the southern parts of India. Whole-genome sequence data were generated by the next-generation sequencingbased single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) techniques. This study will improve our knowledge of genomic diversity in X. campestris pv. campestris and pave the way for research on host-pathogen interactions (crucifer crops-X. campestris pv. campestris) to develop resistance in cultivated Brassicaceae crops. X. campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped pathogenic bacterium that causes black rot disease in many cruciferous crops, worldwide. It is a vascular disease developing 'V'-shaped yellow lesions accompanied by blackened veins at margin of the leaf (Fig. 1A). It is genetically diversified by the specific host range of crucifer crops, including B. oleracea vegetables (cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprout, broccoli, knoll khol, and kale), oilseed crops, ornamentals, and weeds (Singh et al. 2016; Vicente et al. 2001). The annual worldwide spread of black rot disease limits the yield of cole crops under favorable conditions (Singh and Dhar 2011; Singh et al. 2014). The diversity within X. campestris pv. campestris is reported by several researchers (Jensen et al. 2010; Singh and Dhar 2011; Singh et al. 2016). In fact, the pathovar is subdivided into nine races based on host-pathogen interactions (Vicente et al. 2001). According to Singh et al. (2016), only races 1, 4, and 6 of X. campestris pv. campestris of crucifer crops have been identified in India, with races 1 and 4 occurring predominately worldwide. Races 2, 3, and 5 seem to be rare (
Role of Antibiosis in Control of Cabbage Black Rot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 2017
wo different antagonists, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Tango fungicide, were contemplated against cabbage black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) in vitro and in vivo. P. fluorescens was the most efficient bioagent in repressing of the pathogenic bacterium took after Bacillus subtilis. The fungicide Tango was the most potent one in hindering the development of the causal bacterium in vitro more than other bioagents. Field experiments during 2014 and 2015 seasons have shown that spraying cabbage plants with the tested bioagents and the fungicide four times resulted in a significant decrease in severity caused by natural infection by the pathogen with a significant increase in yield component. The fungicide was potentially functional than the other bioagents. Tango was the most effective treatment for decreasing the severity of the disease and increasing the produced vegetative components. Meanwhile, the bioagent B. subtilis was the lowest in potential and other treatments recorded intermediate figures. Vitamin-C and total phenols content as well as the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase in cabbage leaves infected by X. c. pv. campestris were greatly low levelled in infected leaves of compared with uninfected or the tested bioagents and fungicide resulted in a considerable increase in these contents compared with the infected leaves.