Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale
Understanding of the response of tropical and temperate maize (Zea mays L.) to drought is the first step for tolerant temperate maize improvement. Eight maize hybrids were used to investigate physiology responses under drought stress, four of them were tropical maize and the others were temperate maize. Results showed that there were different drought tolerances but similar trends in both tropical maize and temperate maize. Gas exchange parameters revealed different strategies of maize under the stress. In our study, most of the temperate hybrids maintained open stomata to keep a higher photosynthesis rate at the beginning of stress, while the other hybrids decreased stomatal conductance. Compared to temperate maize, the tropical maize had higher antioxidase activity and greater physiological parameter variation among hybrids. KS5731 and ZD309 had stronger drought resistance among tropical and temperate maize hybrids separately. Tolerant hybrids maintained active photosynthesis, hav...
Biochemical responses of maize under drought conditions
2012
This study aims to assess the biochemical changes of maize during water stress condition. Methodologically, Yellow Super Sweet Corn (YSC) and Thai Super Sweet Corn (TSC) were conducted with water stress condition in different days of interval for watering. The leaves sample were collected and determined for biochemical parameters responses to drought stress. The finding shows that increasing water stress siginificantly reduced the biochemical parameters as compared to control treatment which is watering everyday. The experiment show that proline accumulated highest in YSC treated with T4 (3.8 x 10-3 mg mL-1 in 200 mg of leaves) at day 65 and TSC which treated with T5 (0.08 mg mL-1 in 200 mg of leaves) at day 40. Protein content in YSC treated with T2 (5.6 x10-4mg mL-1) was no significant differences with control treatment but showed differences in TSC which treated with same treatment (3.3 x 10-4 mg mL-1) at day 65. There was no significant differences in chlorophyll content between...
Consequences of drought stress in crop production systems are perhaps more deleterious than other abiotic stresses under changing climatic scenarios. Regulations of physio-biochemical responses of plants under drought stress can be used as markers for drought stress tolerance in selection and breeding. The present study was conducted to appraise the performance of three different maize hybrids (Dong Dan 80, Wan Dan 13, and Run Nong 35) under well-watered, low, moderate and SD conditions maintained at 100, 80, 60, and 40% of field capacity, respectively. Compared with well-watered conditions, drought stress caused oxidative stress by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which led to reduced growth and yield formation in all maize hybrids; nevertheless, negative effects of drought stress were more prominent in Run Nong 35. Drought-induced osmolyte accumulation and strong enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems prevented the severe damage in Dong Dan 80. Overall performance of all maize hybrids under drought stress was recorded as: Dong Dan 80 > Wan Dan 13 > Run Nong 35 with 6.39, 7.35, and 16.55% yield reductions. Consequently, these biochemical traits and differential physiological responses might be helpful to develop drought tolerance genotypes that can withstand water-deficit conditions with minimum yield losses.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Biochemical Responses of Maize Under Drought Conditions
2012
This study aims to assess the biochemical changes of maize during water stress condition. Methodologically, Yellow Super Sweet Corn (YSC) and Thai Super Sweet Corn (TSC) were conducted with water stress condition in different days of interval for watering. The leaves sample were collected and determined for biochemical parameters responses to drought stress. The finding shows that increasing water stress siginificantly reduced the biochemical parameters as compared to control treatment which is watering everyday. The experiment show that proline accumulated highest in YSC treated with T4 (3.8 x 10-3 mg mL-1 in 200 mg of leaves) at day 65 and TSC which treated with T5 (0.08 mg mL-1 in 200 mg of leaves) at day 40. Protein content in YSC treated with T2 (5.6 x10-4 mg mL-1) was no significant differences with control treatment but showed differences in TSC which treated with same treatment (3.3 x 10-4 mg mL-1) at day 65. There was no significant differences in chlorophyll content betwee...
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2019
Maize is an important cereal crop all-over the world and has been recently ranked at first among all cereal crops. However, growth of maize plants is negatively affected in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe due to scarcity of water, but genetically variable cultivars/lines differ considerably to respond to water limited conditions. To evaluate the response of some commercial cultivars of maize to water deficit conditions, a pot experiment was carried out. Eight maize cultivars (Sultan, Akbar, Pearl, MMRI, Maki Pak, Sahiwal 2002, Sadaf and Neelum) were subjected to varying [100%, 75% and 60% of field capacity (FC)] levels of water deficit conditions. Drought stress significantly decreased shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll pigments (a and b) in all maize cultivars. However, free proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, activities of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD and SOD) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents increased significantly under water deficit conditions. Of all maize cultivars, cv. Sadaf was superior in terms of plant growth, while, cv. Sultan proved to be inferior to the other cultivars examined in this study. It was concluded that osmoprotectants such as proline and GB can be used as stress tolerance indicators under drought stress conditions.
Journal of Integrative Plant …, 2006
Cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) with different sensitivity to drought were exposed to 0.3 mol/L sorbitol (-1.4 MPa water potential) for 24 h. Exposure to water deficiency significantly reduced the growth of both shoots (coleoptile and hypocotyl) and roots. Shoot growth was inhibited more than the growth of roots. Osmotic stress enhanced accumulation of soluble sugars. Electrolyte leakage, a cell injury index, was slightly increased after 0.3 mol/L sorbitol. Respiration was measured in the presence and absence of 2,6-dichloro-phenol indophenol. 2,6-Dichloro-phenol indophenol did not influence respiration rates, because statistically equal results were observed under both conditions. Total respiration (v T) decreased after osmoticum treatment. There were no significant differences in the v T among the cultivars analysed. The decrease in v T was caused by a decline in the activities and capacities of both cytochrome (v cyt , V cyt) and alternative pathway (v alt , V alt) of respiration. A high residual respiration (v res) was observed, up to 27% of total uninhibited respiration. The result of uncoupler use clearly indicated that coupling was maintained after 24 h of osmotic stress. The recovery of the respiration rate was comparable with that of non-stressed control rates. According to these observations, no possible mitochondrial damage is expected. Water deficiency did not induce a stimulation of the alternative oxidase, so we assume that the stimulation of the alternative pathway is not related to drought stress resistance; rather, the function of the alternative pathway is to balance carbon metabolism and electron transport in a response to a changing environment.
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2019
The study was performed to determine as to whether antioxidant potential (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) as well as some other attributes could be used as potential drought resistance markers in two maize lines (B 73 and MO 17). Under water deficit conditions, growth traits, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoids as well as grain yield decreased significantly in both lines compared to those under control conditions. In contrast, water deficit caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) isozymes as well as levels of glycine betaine (GB), proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas total phenolics, total soluble protein, H 2 O 2 , chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, anthocyanin and peroxidase (POX) isozyme activity remained unaffected in both maize lines. Although water deficit stress induced oxidative stress in both maize lines, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and key organic osmolytes increased significantly in both maize lines. For example, SOD isozyme activities, and GB and proline contents were considerably greater in relatively drought resistant MO 17 than those in relatively drought sensitive B 73. However, in contrast, CAT activity was higher in B 73. Overall, SOD isozyme activities, and GB and proline contents were found to be potential biochemical indicators of drought resistance in the two maize lines used in the present study.
Morpho-Physiological Mechanisms of Maize for Drought Tolerance
2021
Maize is one of the mostly consumed grains in the world. It possesses a greater potentiality of being an alternative to rice and wheat in the near future. In field condition, maize encounters abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, water logging, cold, heat, etc. Physiology and production of maize are largely affected by drought. Drought has become a prime cause of agricultural disaster because of the major occurrence records of the last few decades. It leads to immense losses in plant growth (plant height and stem), water relations (relative water content), gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate), and nutrient levels in maize. To mitigate the effect of stress, plant retreats by using multiple morphological, molecular, and physiological mechanisms. Maize alters its physiological processes like photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activities, carbohydrate metabolism, nutrient metabolism, and other drought-responsive pathways in response to drought. Synt...
2016
The growth and development of all plants are seriously limited by a variety of environmental stresses. In this study, responses in crop yield, physiological and biochemical traits were investigated in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids such as SC704, SC700 (FAO 700), SC647 (FAO 600), SC500 (FAO 500), SC370 (FAO 300) and SC260 (FAO 200) subjected to drought stress induced by stopping irrigation at vegetative stage (4-5 leaves) and reproductive stage (anthesis). The results showed that drought stress had a significant effect on these characteristics. The yield and its components decreased considerably under water stress: the main factors that caused reduction of yield were the decrease in the number of grain per ear and 1000-grain weight. Reduction of yield in short maturity hybrids was higher than in other ones. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as permeability of plasma membrane increased significantly, but ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased under water stress. Maxi...
Biochemical parameters and physiological changes in maize plants submitted to water deficiency
SN Applied Sciences
This study presents the main changes that occur in the metabolism of corn plants submitted to water deficiency, which can directly affect the development and production of the plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and physiological metabolism responses in maize plants submitted to water deficiency. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme (3 × 3), being three irrigation depths and three evaluation periods with four replications. The treatments simulated two levels of water deficiency and one control: T1 (control treatment) 10-20 kPa; T2 (moderate water deficiency) 50-60 kPa, and T3 (severe water deficiency) 70-80 kPa. The evaluation periods were E1-45 days after emergence (DAE); E2-52 DAE; and E3-59 DAE. The variables analyzed were relative water content; electrolyte leakage; total soluble proteins; nitrate reductase activity; and activity of the antioxidative response system, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. The results showed that stress caused a decrease in the relative water content, reflecting changes in membrane permeability and possible induction of electrolyte losses and an increase in the activities of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system. Thus, corn plants submitted to water deficiency presented interactive responses as a strategy to mitigate the impact of stress.