Poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) / clay nanocomposites : preparation, structures and properties (original) (raw)

Polymorphism behavior of poly(ethylene naphthalate)/clay nanocomposites

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2006

The influence of clay surface modification on the polymorphism behavior of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN)/clay nanocomposites was investigated via in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that untreated clay has a heterogeneous nucleating effect on PEN and favors the-crystal form, while the surfactant 1-hexadecyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (IMC16) has a plasticization effect and tends to enhance the kinetically favored R-phase instead. In contrast, the nanocomposite (PEN/IMC16-MMT) formed from IMC16-treated clay (IMC16-MMT) exhibits a strong temperature-dependent polymorphic behavior, with the-phase being more favored at 200°C, but the R-phase being preferred instead at 180°C. In situ FTIR spectroscopy of PEN/IMC16-MMT reveals an abrupt change in the concentration of Rand-"crystalline conformers" between the two temperatures during the induction period of crystallization. This is attributed to the hindered formation of stable nuclei at the organoclay surface. In addition, surfactant degradation gives rise to a highly plasticized polymer/organoclay interface. The combination of the hindered heterogeneous nucleation and plasticization effects gives rise to the unique temperaturedependent polymorphism behavior in PEN/IMC16-MMT.

Synthesis and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites byin situ polymerization

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006

Linear 1,10-decanediamine was chosen as a modified monomer to prepare modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with a low content of amide bonds through two different synthetic methods. To evaluate the effect of amide bonds on the properties of poly(ester amide) analogs (PETAs), the performance of this new type of PET was compared with 1,10-decanediol-modified PET as a control group. The formation of hydrogen bonds in the PETAs was confirmed, and the stability of hydrogen-bonding interactions based on the low content of amide bonds at high temperature was discussed. Interestingly, physical cross-linking networks formed by hydrogen-bonding interactions improved the thermal stability, rheology, and mechanical properties of the PETAs. The crystallization properties were studied in depth by a series of tests, the results of which illustrated that the low content of amide bonds acted as a critical crystallization accelerator in the PETAs. A feasible strategy to prepare high-performance PET, which may be used as a packaging material, was introduced in this work.

Role of Surfactants in the Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Purified Clay Nanocomposites

Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018

Purified clay was modified with different amounts of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts and used as filler in the preparation of PET nanocomposites via melt intercalation. The effect of this type of filler on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile properties, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the mixture of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts favored the production of PET nanocomposites with intercalated and partially exfoliated morphologies with slight improvement in thermal stability. In addition, the incorporation of these organoclays tended to inhibit PET crystallization behavior, which is profitable in the production of transparent bottles.

Synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites using aminododecanoic acid-modified clay and a bifunctional compatibilizer

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006

A poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposite (PET/clay) was prepared via in situ polymerization, in which the clay was modified with 12-aminododecanoic acid (ADA). A compatibilizer containing an amino and an ester group was introduced into the PET/ADA-clay system, which can attach to ADA-clay through ionic interaction and be incorporated into PET chains through transesterification. The compatibilizer-modified ADA-clay was first formed in a pretreatment process and then participated in polymerization. The compatibilizer, as an intermedium between organoclay and polymer, improved clay dispersion in PET matrix. The PET/clay nanocomposite prepared by this novel method possesses significantly higher storage modulus than does neat PET.

Innovative Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Based Nanocomposites: a Preliminary Investigation

Macromolecular Symposia, 2007

A polymer-clay nanocomposite based on Poly(butyleneterephthalate) (PBT) and an innovative organoclay has been synthesized via intercalation of Bis(hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) in Na-Montmorillonite layers. Chemical and physical properties of this nanocomposite have been studied in comparison to other PBT/nanocomposites based on two commercial organoclay: Cloisite 25A and Somasif MEE. Nanocomposites have been prepared via melt compounding using a twin-screw extruder, with extrusion rate of 150 rpm. Samples were characterized by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, TEM, thermal and mechanical analysis.

Recent Advances in Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites

Advanced Materials, 2011

Composite materials represent one of the most active fields in the polymer industry. Many different types of fillers, carbon black, calcium carbonate, glass fibres and talc in the micrometer size range have been added to polymers to provide an improvement of the final product properties. However, this improvement is only achieved at high filler concentrations, which lead to an increase in the viscosity of the material and, hence, problems in processing.

Oriented clay-induced anisotropic crystalline morphology in poly(ethylene naphthalate)/clay nanocomposites and its impact on mechanical properties

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2009

The hierarchical structure developed in an injection-molded poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN)/clay nanocomposite, and its impact on the reinforcement of the nanocomposite are investigated. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) show that the clay sheets tend to orient parallel to the largest face of the molded sample. SAXS further provides evidence that upon annealing, this preferred orientation of clay induces an anisotropic crystalline morphology in the PEN matrix, where there are more secondary lamellae aligned parallel to the clay basal planes. Such lamellar organization of PEN works synergistically with the oriented clay phase in stiffening the material along the flow direction, as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and nanoindentation.

Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites: An Emerging Material Class

Polymer/clay nanocomposites are materials composed of a polymer matrix and nanometer size clay particles. They exhibit significant improvements in tensile modulus and strength, reduced permeability to gases and liquids compared to the pure polymer. These property improvements can be realized while retaining clarity of the polymer without a significant increase in density. Polymeric nanocomposites hold the potential to replace conventional plastics and plastic composite materials in many applications such as automotive components, packaging, appliances, electrical/electronic parts, and building and construction products. This paper reviews the background and growth of nanocomposite technology, presents some of the data on property enhancement, and evaluates the future of this emerging class of polymer material.

Polymer-clay Nanocomposites, Preparations and Current Applications: A Review

Current Nanomaterials, 2016

Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN) are the most important nanomaterials of the current decade with wide range of applications. Montmorillonite, vermiculite, sepiolite, laponite, bentonite and attapulgite are the main classes of clay used as reinforcement in polymer nanocomposites. Clay nanocomposites show characteristic features of thermal stability, flame retardancy, barrier and anticorrosive properties. This work comprehensively review current developments and applications of polymer-clay nanocomposites in automotive, sporting goods, coating technology, packaging, insulation, building construction, electrochemical, biomedical and environmental. This work also aims to describe the importance of polymer clay nanocomposites in various fields, especially for environmental applications. Polymer clay based nanocomposites also have the potential to decontaminate and remediate aqueous systems, therefore purification and remediation of contaminated soil and air with the help of clay based nanocomposites have also been discussed.

The Characteristics of Poly Propylene Oxide/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 2015

The aim of our study is based to produce the Poly propylene oxyde /clay nanocomposites [3,5,7 and 10% (w/w) Maghnite-CTAB based on the propylene oxyde content] were synthesized by in situ polymerization. Maghnite-CTAB is montmorillonite-CTAB silicate sheet clay was prepared through a straight forward exchange process, polymer composites based on modified montmorillonite (montmorillonite-CTAB) and Poly Propylene Oxyde were prepared with different compositions by melt processing. The maghnite used was obtained with a cation exchange, using a green natural clay from Maghnia which is situated in the west of Algeria. This work is based also to demonstrate a morphology, which is obtained by combining AFM and MEB. The polymer composites were characterized using differenttechniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), infrared spectrophotometery (IR),and Microscopic electronics with sweeping (MEB) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results were showed that, the basal space of the silicate layer increased, as determined by XRD, from 12.97 A° to 32.60 A°. The addition of PPO shows distribution of platelets perparticules, and improve the interaction between clay and polymer matrix. The microstructure was detected by X-ray patterns and Microscopic electronics with sweeping (MEB) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) at 5wt% MMt-CTAB, however, higher than 3 wt% MMt-CTAB reveals partial intercalation structure. The results confirm the presence of several intercalation of molecules salt in the clay layers, and it also shows a good interaction with the polymer.