Effect of Two Different Nitrogen Sources on Lipid Accumulation in Microalgae Chlorella Pyrenoidosa (original) (raw)
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A microalgae isolate obtained from a wastewater swamp in Zifta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt identified as Chlorella sp. M2 was examined for biomass and lipid production in Bold Basal Medium (BBM) containing different concentrations of some nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium carbonate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate). Chlorella sp. M2 was able to utilize all examined sources of nitrogen at concentrations ranged from half to 16 folds higher than the recommended amount of N applied in BBM. Results obtained indicated that urea is the most appropriate nitrogen source for Chlorella sp. M2 growth biomass and lipid quantity and quality beside it is the cheapest substrate among the investigated nitrogen sources. The analysis of lipid produced by Chlorella sp. cultivated with urea as nitrogen source exhibited high percentage of C16 and C18 fatty acids with high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids specially oleic acid which considered as ideal fatty acid for biodiesel p...
Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Lipid Content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2011
Problem statement: In today's scenario, microalgae are widely recognized as a promising source for biofuel production as a renewable source of energy. They are exceedingly rich in oil, which can be converted to biofuel. This paper deals with one of the method to enhance the lipid content in microalgae. Approach: Microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was grown autotrophically in batch culture and the effect of different concentrations of nitrogen source (0-0.4 g L −1 KNO 3) on growth and lipid content was studied. Results: As the nitrate concentration in the medium decreased, biomass production also decreased but the lipid content increased. Moreover, at the same concentration of nitrate source, lipid tends to accumulate more in stationary phase in comparison to exponential phase. Highest lipid accumulation of 26% was recorded in the culture with 0.05 g L −1 KNO 3 , which is onefourth of basal nitrogen source concentration. Conclusion: The present study suggested that nitrogen starvation is the effective approach to enhance lipid for biofuel production.
Influence Of Different Nitrogen And Organic Carbon Sources On Microalgae Growth And Lipid Production
2015
Microalgae based biofuels are getting attention due to energy crisis and enviromental protection. In the present study, the Chlorella sp. was cultivated in BG-11 medium at batch mode. The effect of different nitrogen (sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea) and organic carbon (glucose, glycerol and sucrose) sources were analyzed on growth and lipid accumulation on this species. The highest biomass growth and biomass productivity of chlorella sp. was found 1.29±0.04 g/l, 76.96±4.5mgl -1 d - 1 in urea. However in case of organic sources, the biomass growth and productivity was found maximum in glucose (1.43±0.075 g/l 86.04±3.2 mgl -1 d -1 ). The lipid content was examined using folch method and found better in potassium nitrate nitrogen source (11.84%) . Among organic carbon sources, the maximum lipid content (13.22% and lipid yield 189.94 mg/l were found in case of glucose, followed by glycerol and sucrose. Various properties of biodiesel obtained from chlorella sp. such as Cetan...
MATEC Web of Conferences
The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source to lipid productivity of mixed culture of green microalgae consisting of Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus as lipid sources. In research, cultures were cultivated in a 1.5 L glass photobioreactor with batch culture system. The operational conditions of this research were carried out at pH 6.0, 27 o C, aeration with air flow 150 mL/sec, and 2400 lux with vary amount of urea as a source of nitrogen as much (grams) 0.0; 0.5; 1.0. The Bligh and Dyer extraction is performed to produce biofuels after harvesting process and to analyze lipid content. Analysis of fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Method, analysis of dry weight using Gravimetric Method, and analysis of cell density using Spectrofotometry Method. This research concludes that with 0.5 grams of urea fertilizer can produce dry weight and total lipid content optimally that were 0.26% (w/w) and 36,35% (w/w). This research concludes that increasing amount of nitrogen source could be increasing green microalgae biomass but is not for increased lipid content. The high lipid content can be produced by decreasing 50% nitrogen source.
In recent year biodiesel has received much attention. Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils such as soybean, palm, sunflower oil as diesel fuel substitute has been well reported, the production of biodiesel from microalgae has emerged as one of the most promising sources. The paper deals with the method to enhance the lipid content in microalgae. Microalgae, Chlorella marina and Dunellialla salina was grown autotropically in batch culture and the effect of different concentration of nitrogen source on growth and lipid content was studied. Growth studies reveal that maximum cell growth rate was obtained at 15 th day of culture. Flocculation activity was also studied to determine the effect of pH. The flocculation activity result showed that pH 11 was optimum for cell flocculation at 37°C. As the nitrogen concentration in the medium decreased, biomass production was also decreased but the lipid content increased. Highest lipid accumulation of 25.7% was recorded in the culture Du...
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
The properties of microalgae as bioresources for biodiesel production can be improved by adding nitrogen sources into the culture medium. Thus, Nannochloropsis oceanica CCAP 849/10 was cultured in f/2 media supplemented with five different forms of nitrogen at 0.88 mmol-N l-1 each: ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3), ammonium sulfate ((NH 4) 2 SO 4), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), and urea. The cell density, lipid content, and fatty acid profile of the microalga were determined after 15 days of cultivation. The growth of N. oceanica based on cell number was lowest in the medium with NH 4 NO 3 , and increased significantly in the medium with NH 4 HCO 3. Cells treated with (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , and NH 4 NO 3 produced the highest total lipid contents (i.e., 65% and 62% by dry weight, respectively). The fatty acid profiles of the microalga were significantly different in the various nitrogen sources. The major fatty acids detected in cultures supplemented with NH 4 HCO 3 , (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , or urea were C14:
Effects of nitrogen source on enhancing growth conditions of green algae to produce higher lipid
Microalgae represent a potential source of biological material to produce biodiesel. This study focused on the effects of nitrogen concentration to enhance lipid content from Chlorella sorokiniana and their potential use to serve as a raw material for biofuel production. Light intensity and different nitrogen concentrations were used to determine the optimum cultivation environment for the fresh water microalgae, C. sorokiniana. The effects of various nitrogen sources were examined in order to determine the optimum lipid content produced by the microalgae. It was found that the optimum cultivation of microalgae growth has caused the biomass growth and has led to higher lipid production. The growth rate and lipid content were determined by measuring the optical density at 620 nm and fluorescence intensity using Nile red method. Microalgae of 10% (v/v) concentration was found to be the optimum inoculum concentration with higher growth rate obtained when compared to 50% (v/v). The NH 4 NO 3 nitrogen concentration showed greater lipid production compared to NaNO 3 cells cultivated with final lipid content. The 0.2 M of NH 4 NO 3 nitrogen concentration produced highest lipid (3.138 a.u), when compared to two different nitrogen sources: NH 4 NO 3 and NaNO 3 with different concentrations.
Energy Conversion and Management, 2019
Effects of nitrogen source inhomogeneity on nutrient removal and biodiesel production of mono-and mixcultured microalgae were investigated in this study. The microalgal growth characteristics, lipid accumulation, biodiesel production and nutrient removal were determined by mono-or co-culturing microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus in media with different nitrogen sources. The results showed that microalgae cultivated in media with different nitrogen sources indicated higher nitrogen removal, biomass increase and productivities of biomass, lipids and biodiesel than media with the sole nitrogen source. As for the microalgae grown in media with the same nitrogen source, the pattern for the lipid content was in the relationship C. vulgaris > mixed culture > S. dimorphus. The fatty acids of microalgae mainly consisted of C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3, accounting for 79.6-90.6% of the total. The biodiesel production in this study ranged from 8.5 to 11.2 g-biodiesel/100 g-dry weight. This study presents one of the few studies, suggesting that nitrogen source itself can influence the nutrient removal and biodiesel production of mono-and mix-cultured microalgae.
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2020
Lipid-accumulating microalgae are an emerging feedstock for production of liquid biofuel because of their high biomass and lipid productivity. The potential of the green microalgae, Chlorolobion sp. (BIOTECH 4031) and Chlorella sp. (BIOTECH 4026), for biodiesel production was evaluated by analyzing the effect of nitrogen starvation (0.375-1.500 g L −1 NaNO 3) on growth response, oil yield, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of the two algal strains. Maximum biomass yields for Chlorolobion sp. and Chlorella sp. were obtained after 20 days of cultivation using the control medium (1.5 g L −1 NaNO 3) with 0.873 g L −1 and 0.757 g L −1 , respectively. An increasing trend in the total lipid yield was observed under a nitrogen-starved culture condition (0.375 g L −1 NaNO 3). When the amount of nitrate was limited, the mean oil contents of Chlorolobion sp. and Chlorella sp. were 31.61 and 28.77% with lipid productivity of 227.84 and 151.14 mg L −1 day −1 , respectively. Nitrogen starvation caused an increase in the lipid yield and a decrease in biomass production of the two microalgae. The FAME profile of the obtained algal biodiesel shows a high concentration of saturated fatty acid (SAFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) methyl esters which are desirable for biodiesel production. The fuel properties of biodiesel from the two microalgae were predicted based on the molecular properties of fatty acid methyl esters using empirical equations showing that the biodiesel properties of the two microalgae satisfied the set specifications of biodiesel standards EN 14214 (European) and ASTM D6751 (American). The quality properties of biodiesel obtained for Chlorolobion sp. were low density (0.89 g cm −3), low kinematic viscosity (2.79 mm 2 s −1), cetane number (65.17), and oxidation stability (8.93 h). On the other hand, Chlorella sp. has low density (0.88 g cm −3), low kinematic viscosity (2.78 mm 2 s −1), good cetane number (68.79), and oxidation stability (10.44 h). Hence, Chlorolobion sp. (BIOTECH 4031) and Chlorella sp. (BIOTECH 4026) have potential as raw material for production of biodiesel with superior fuel quality.
Microalgae Cultivation Using Various Sources of Organic Substrate for High Lipid Content
New Trends in Urban Drainage Modelling. UDM 2018. Green Energy and Technology, 2018
The ingredients of photosynthetic reactions can be exploited to increase algal culture productivity to effectively treat wastewater by significantly reducing the presence of organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, we introduced microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) into four different wastewater samples, including Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), piggery, domestic, and mixed-kitchen wastes. The C. pyrenoidosa growth efficacy of POME and subsequent drop in nutrients were demonstrated. It was clearly seen that POME had the highest Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values at 700 mg L −1. The Total Nitrogen (TN) ratio for the piggery sample was the highest at 590 mg L −1. Productivity was evaluated in terms of chlorophyll content, growth rate, biomass, and lipid content. POME and domestic wastes had the first and second highest chlorophyll a content of 3 mg L −1 and 2.5 mg L −1 , respectively. The optimum growth rate for C. pyrenoidosa was observed when using POME as a substrate. This study confirmed that Cell Dry Weight (CDW) in POME was the highest with 500 mg L −1 after 20 days cultivation of C. pyrenoidosa, when compared to other substrates. Maximum lipid content was recorded for POME, domestic sample, piggery, and mixed-kitchen waste, at 182, 148, 0.99, and 117 mg L −1 , respectively. The above results revealed that POME was the best substrate choice for alga