Heme metabolism, mitochondria, and complex I in neuropsychiatric disorders (original) (raw)

Neuroprotection in Autism, Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Abstract Heme plays a role in major cellular processes such as signal transduction, protein synthesis, and complex assembly and regulation of transcription and translation. As such, it is essential for brain metabolism, oxygen sensing, and neuronal survival. Its synthesis is composed of eight distinct steps; the first and last three steps take place in the mitochondria. Accumulating evidence point at mitochondrial dysfunction and altered heme metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we will review the growing number of experimental data demonstrating deficits in heme, mitochondria, and specifically the first complex (Co-I) of the electron transport chain in three neuropsychiatric disorders—Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and schizophrenia (SZ). Furthermore, we will provide evidence for an association between mitochondrial Co-I dysfunction and heme metabolism and suggest their potential to become additional therapeutic targets that will improve the efficiency of the current treatments.

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