Effects of differently processed soybean substituted diets on nutrient utilization and the growth perormance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles (original) (raw)
Related papers
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth response and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed graded levels of boiled Senna obtusifolia seed meal as replacement for soybean meal. Materials and methods: Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. The diest were-control diet (with 0% inclusion level boiled S. obtusifolia seed meal i.e., 100% soybean meal), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% inclusion level (total replacement of soya bean meal). The feeds were fed to C. gariepinus juveniles at 5% of their body weight for 84 days in an indoor partial flow through system. Weight and standard length of C. gariepinus juveniles were taken every fortnight and water quality parameters were monitored weekly. Results: Experimental fish fed diets with 0 and 25% inclusion level of boiled S. obtusifolia seed meal gave the best results in terms of Mean Weight Gain (MWG) (20.22 and 19.79 g, respectively), Specific Growth Rate (1.82 and 1.83 respectively), Protein Efficiency Ratio (2.75 and 2.00, respectively) and the Lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (1.29 and 1.39 respectively). The lowest growth and feed utilization were observed in fish fed 100% inclusion level. The weight gain of fish decreased with increase in replacement level above 25%. There was no significant difference between control diet 0 and 25% inclusion level (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Boiled S. obtusifolia seed meal is a nutritive source of plant protein and a good replacement for soybean meal at 25% inclusion level of boiled S. obtusifolia seed meal in formulating catfish feed for C. gariepinus juveniles without any deleterious effect.
Fishes
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of soybean with shrimp by-products (SBp) in African catfish (Clarias lazera) diets on productive (growth, digestibility, body composition, dressing yield, blood parameters, immunity) and economic performances. Therefore, 750 fingerlings (~20.0 g) were distributed into five groups of 150 fingerlings/group with three replicates (n = 50) per group. Group 1 was fed a basal diet, while G2 and G3 were fed diets containing 25% SBp (autoclaved and acid-treated, respectively) as soybean replacer for 12 weeks, while, in G4 and G5, SBp level was 50%. All growth and nutrient utilization parameters (body weight, Wg, ADG, PER, FCR, and digestibility), plasma proteins, and immunity significantly increased in G4 and G5. Anemia screening markers recorded insignificant differences between the tested groups and control one, whereas lipid markers of plasma and fish body decreased by autoclaved SBp and increased by acid-tre...
The availability of conventional ingredients for fish feed is limited by increasing demand for human consumption and by other animal feed industries. Wild plants can offer a convenient but cheaper source of nutrients required in tropical fish diet. In this study, we evaluate the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) juvenile fed practical diet of Cissus populnea root meal (CpRM) as a partial and total protein replacement for soybean meal to achieve a least cost production ration. Three dietary treatments feed were formulated such that diet 1 serves as control diet (0% CpRM), while diets 2 and 3 were formulated from the meal with Cissus populnea root substituting soybean meal at 50% and total replacement at 100% respectively and fed to C. gariepinus of average weight of 7±2g for 10 weeks in adapted aquaria. The feeding trials revealed that Clarias gariepinus responded to all the diets, Mean weight gain decreased as inclusion level increased thus the diet with highest inclusion of CpRM (100%) gave the poorest performance in all the value that is lower than the other diets though not significantly different. The best mean weight gain, SGR, FCR, PER, and PER value were 318.5, 0.72% /day, 1.62, 1.55, 2.94g were obtained in the control diet and this was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the value recorded for diets 2 and 3. The total amount spent on feed formulation of diets 1, 2 and 3 are ₦872.26 (), ₦772.37 and ₦692.68 while economic conversion ratio were ₦1413.06, ₦1390.27 and ₦1946.43 respectively at exchange rate of ₦155.60 to $1. Though soybean meal as a protein source was superior in converting the feed than Cissus populnea root meal, however, inclusion of CpRM in the diet at 50% dietary level produced similar results and the fish grew relatively well with least economic conversion rate. This has economic significance considering that soybean has become expensive, being competed for as food by man and livestock in many developing countries including Nigeria.
The study examined the whole body composition, biochemical parameters and intestinal histology of C. gariepinus fed Sesame seed meal (SSM). One hundred and fifty healthy C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight 34.35 ± 3.05g were used in the study. Proximate analyses of the experimental diets and whole body composition of the fish was conducted using the standard method. Selected biochemical parameters of the experimental fish was also analyses using a commercial kit, VetTest Biochemical Analyzer (Idexx Lab., USA). The intestine of the fish were removed, fixed, stained, sectioned and viewed using standard procedure. The result of proximate composition of the experimental diets revealed that protein decrease from 53.52 to 50.06% while lipid content increase from 5.41 to 7.10% as the replacement of SBM with SSM increased in the diets. The whole body composition also showed the highest protein level of 18.32% and the least lipid level of 4.05% recorded in fish fed the control diet (0% SSM). The levels of protein and lipid in both the experimental diets and whole body composition of C. gariepinus were not significant (p>0.05). Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 53.49-59.29U/L, 65.38-73.26U/L and 73.67-77.75U/L respectively were recorded although not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Serum total protein (45.19-42.99mg/dL) and cholesterol (59.63-57.54mg/dL) decreased in fish fed increased SSM diets. Slight increase in glucose, urea, calcium and phosphorus was also observed. Slight alterations in the high of the villi and mildly eroded and infiltrated by inflammatory cells was observed in fish fed 45 and 60% SSM diets respectively The present study revealed that C. gariepinus can tolerate up to 60% replacement level of soybean without any adverse effects on the body composition, physiological disruption and cellular alteration. Hence suggest it could be nutritionally and economically viable means of developing a costeffective feed to maximize fish growth.
A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of supplemented toasted lima bean (P.lunatus) diets on the growth performance and utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. TLBM was used to replace soybean meal at 0% (L0), 25% (L25), 50% (L50), 75% (L75) and 100% (L100) producing five diets. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of C. gariepinus daily to satiation. One hundred (100) fingerlings with an initial mean weight of 2.0g were allotted at random to five treatments in triplicate groups with each treatment tank having five fingerlings and were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Results indicated that the mean weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish fed diet 2(6.34) and diet 5(5.02) than all other treatments. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in diet 2(1.20), diet 1(1.56), diet 5(1.520 and diet 4(1.64). Specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) showed no significant difference (P>0.05) as a result of the treatments. The specific growth rate was significantly higher in diet II (4.37) while diet V has the least specific growth rate 2.53. Summary of findings highlights that soybean meal can be replaced up to 25% and 100% of Toasted lima bean meal in the diets of African catfish, C. gariepinus fingerlings without compromising the growth and carcass composition.
International Journal of Fisheries Science and Research , 2023
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of sun-dried sicklepod as a replacement for toasted soybean meal in the diets of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated at 35% crude protein using Pearson's square method. Sun-dried sicklepod (SSM) was use to replace toasted soybean meal progressively at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. A total number of one hundred and fifty juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with an average mean weight of 31.19g were procured. The fish were allowed to acclimatize for a day. A complete randomized design (CRD) was adopted. Ten fish were randomly assigned to a 1m 2 Hapa net, a total of 15 Hapa nets were used in an outdoor earthen lined pond of 10m × 7m (l × b) and depth of 1.5m, and the five formulated diets were fed to the experimental fish at 5% body weight twice daily and the pond water was monitored. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Highest value of mean weight gain was observed in 25% level of inclusion (141.20g) followed by 0% (124.50g), 50% (114.80g) and 75% (108.33g) inclusion level, while the least mean weight gain of 106.00g was recorded in the fish fed 100% inclusion level. The highest of feed conversion ratio was recorded in the control diet with a value of 0.10 while the least (0.07) was recorded in the diet with 25% inclusion level. Highest carcass crude protein of 61.03g/100g was recorded the fish fed 25% inclusion level while the least (58.58g/100g) was obtained in 100% inclusion level. This study revealed that toasted soybean meal can be replaced with sun-dried sicklepod meal up to 25% inclusion level in Clarias gariepinus diets without any negative effects on the growth and nutrient utilization.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2014
Low fingerling production exacerbated by poor nutrition and costly live feed are major setbacks in African catfish Clarias gariepinus culture. Larval C. gariepinus catfish requires live feed at onset of exogenous feeding after which dry diets can be administered. Dry diets must be nutritious, acceptable and growth supporting. Soybean (Glycine max) is the major plant protein component of catfish feed but is costly. There is need for alternative plant proteins. We substituted soybean meal (SBM) with bambaranut (Voandzeia subterranea) meal (BNM) in novel diets for larval African catfish, average weight 0.15±0.02 g. The SBM: BNM inclusion levels (%) were, Feed 1(F1), 25:5; feed 2 (F2), 20:10; feed 3 (F3), 15:15; feed 4 (F4), 10:20 and feed 5 (F5), 5:25; the remaining 70% consisted of fish meal (60%); wheat flour (8%) and vitamin mix (2%). Effects of the diets on larvae were evaluated using linear regression analysis. Specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly while food conversi...
2021
Performance of Clarias gariepinus was evaluated as soybean meal was supplemented in part by moringa leaf (ML) at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Fish samples with initial average weight 9.14g were stocked randomly into fifteen tanks (A 1-3 , B 1-3 , C 1-3 , D 1-3 , and E 1-3) at a density of 20fish/tank and were fed twice daily. At day 56, parameters revealed increase in the values as inclusion level increased, although p< 0.05 was observed at 30% and above. M20% had best mean values for body weight (34.26g) and feed conversion ratio (2.11). Haematological parameters revealed high mean values of PCV (28.12) and Hb (8.20) for M10%, while WBC (7.41) and LYMPH (71.02) were higher in M40%. MCH (54.71) and MCV (159.62) were higher in M30%, while MCHC was highest in M20%. Results on serum enzymes activities revealed proportionate increase between mean values of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and inclusion levels. Best performance of C. gariepinus after 56days was observed in 20% inclusion level of MOLM.
The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural science, 2020
Dietary replacement of soybean meal by toasted sunflower meal in Clarias gariepinus diet was investigated in a 56-day feeding trial using growth, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was toasted at 204 0 C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Control diet consist of soybean meal which was replaced by differently toasted sunflower seed meal at a rate 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were assigned to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (4.97±0.42g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed to satiation. Data generated from the experiment were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The results of the experiment revealed that up to 30% replacement level of the differently toasted sunflower had a statistically similar results with soybean-based control diets using growth, body composition, digestibility and haematology as indices. Liver histology however show that massive fatty infiltration recorded in the liver of fish fed TSF145 and TSF 345 and diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and kupffer cell hyperplasia observed in the liver of fish fed TSF245 and TSF330.
Indian Journal of Fisheries, 2019
The search for alternative protein sources in aquaculture nutrition is still trending as the use of costly traditional feed stuffs in aquaculture diet formulation is no longer sustainable. The present study investigated the effects of partial and total dietary inclusion of cashewnut meal on growth, haematology, carcass composition, serum biochemistry and intestinal histology of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Soybean meal (SBM) was substituted with cashewnut meal (CM) at 0, 50 and 100% in formulated fish diets. A total of 135 juveniles of C. gariepinus (30.25± 1.02 g; 16.08±0.34 cm) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (0, 50 and 100% CM based diets) at a stocking density of 45 fish per treatment and further randomised into triplicates of 15 fish per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days and fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. Statistical analysis was carried out for all the parameters evaluated in this study. Fish group...