Leukocytosis Occurs in Response to Resistance Exercise in Men (original) (raw)
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Training Status Influences T-Cell Responses in Women Following Acute Resistance Exercise
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001
The purpose of this investigation was to examine white blood cell counts (WBC), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels, and T-cell proliferation following acute resistance training in 9 untrained (UT) and 6 trained (TR) women. Resistance training on 7 Universal machines at the subject's 10 repetition maximum (10RM) was performed at 89 Ϯ 5% for UT and 88 Ϯ 3% for TR. Blood was analyzed for WBCs and Ig levels pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1.5, 3, and 24 hours postexercise. T-cell proliferation was determined pre-exercise and 3 hours postexercise through response to phytohemagglutanin (PHA). WBCs were significantly elevated in the UT subjects 1.5 and 3 hours postexercise compared with pre-and immediately postexercise; no differences (p Ͻ 0.05) were observed in TR subjects. No significant differences were found for Ig levels either between or within groups, although there was a trend for decreased IgG following exercise. T-cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the UT at 3 hours postexercise (0.27 Ϯ 0.06 units) compared with pre-exercise (0.41 Ϯ 0.06 units), whereas the proliferative response in TR was not significantly different from pre-exercise (0.48 Ϯ 0.04 units) to 3 hours postexercise (0.34 Ϯ 0.06 units). These data indicate that UT subjects experience an increase in WBC counts and a decrease in T-cell proliferative ability after acute resistance training, whereas TR subjects experience no significant change in these parameters.
Strength, workload, anaerobic intensity and the immune response to resistance exercise in women
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 2003
The mechanism linking exercise intensity to the magnitude of the immune response is not completely understood. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the immune response to resistance exercise was associated with (1) changes in workload or (2) anaerobic exercise intensity. Methods: Previously untrained women underwent 6 months of resistance training for lower and upper body (TOTAL, n ¼ 34) or for upper body alone (UPPER, n ¼ 30). Lymphocyte subsets [T (CD3+), CD4+, CD8+, NK and B], functional markers (CD45RA+ and CD45RO+), and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin-M, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) and superantigen (staphylococcus a. cowans)-stimulated proliferation were measured from blood samples collected pre-and post-exercise for a squat resistance exercise consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum. This protocol was performed before (T0) and after 3 (T3) and 6 months (T6) of training. Results: Lymphocyte recruitment to the circulation and proliferation following resistance exercise did not differ between training groups at any time, although the TOTAL group performed at a higher workload as training progressed. With respect to anaerobic intensity, exercise-induced increases in NK, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocyte concentrations were 42 (P ¼ 0.07), 76 (P < 0.05), 72 (P < 0.05) and 242% (P < 0.01) greater in women in the highest compared with the lowest post-exercise lactate quartiles. Lymphocyte proliferation did not differ between lactate quartiles. Conclusions: Anaerobic intensity, rather than increased strength and workload, is associated with the number of lymphocytes recruited to the circulation, but not T and B cell proliferation responses. Keywords B cells, lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cells, T cells. The mechanisms contributing to the variability amongst individuals in the immune response to exercise stress need to be identified so that we can characterize the positive and negative influences of exercise training on the immune system. Exercise-induced increases in lymphocyte trafficking are typically considered to be controlled by catecholamine levels (Kappel et al. 1991, Landmann 1992, Benschop et al. 1997) and delayed decreases by cortisol (Pedersen et al. 1997). A number of influences including adrenaline, cortisol, prostaglandins, b-endorphins and cytokines are suspected to modulate lymphocyte functions (Kappel et al. 1991, Pedersen et al. 1997). Anaerobic exercise intensity is typically indicated by the magnitude of the rise in blood lactate concentration.
Immune response to changes in training intensity and duration in male athletes
scholarsresearchlibrary.com
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of exercise at 85% VO2max (30min) with prolonged exercise at a lower work rate (60% VO2max for up to1.5 h) on blood leukocyte count and the percent blood leukocyte subsets in young men athletes. Fifteen athlete male university students (mean ± SD age 22.3±2.6 yr, weight 65.5±5.72 Kg and height 174.2±3.64 cm) participated in this study. After physical examinations, subjects performed Running on an electrically treadmill at 85% VO2max (30 min). On another occasion, separated by at least one week, subjects performed exercise on the same treadmill at 60% VO2max for 1.5 hour. Blood samples were collected from a peripheral arm vein before and immediately after exercise sessions, and served for determination of total and differential leukocyte counts. The acquired data were analyzed by MedCalc software and using t-tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Both exercise bouts caused significant (p<0.05) elevations of the blood leukocyte count. Mean blood leukocyte count were increased from 6.4±0.79 to10.26±3.3 and 6.32±0.75 to 9.85±2 (×10 6 /ml) after exercise at the 60% VO2max (1.5 h) and 85% VO2max (30min) respectively. After exercise at the lower work rate for a longer duration, blood monocytes (1.25%) and neutrophil percent (11%) were significantly higher and blood lymphocytes (11.75%) were significantly lower than those observed at 80% VO2max. However, No significant differences were observed in the blood monocytes percent after the both exercise bouts (p<0.05). The results showed that when exercise is very prolonged, the diminution of innate immune function is greater, than or at least as great as that observed after fatiguing exercise at higher work rates. The sum of acute responses observed in this study may exert a protective effect against sickness and may be used to improve health and lifespan in athletes.
2011
In endurance sports, cycles of high training volume are implemented in order to optimize aerobic and movement economy adaptations. This leads to transient imbalances between training loads and recovery contributing to the onset of fatigue and sometimes illness in highly trained athletes. The well-established interdependence between substrate depletion, hormonal and immune functions elicits usually a immunodepression state as response to hard training periods. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of two subsequent training cycles of different load quantitative and intensity characteristics on the response of systemic and mucosal immunity to a maximal swimming bout. METHODS: 6 well-trained male swimmers (18±2.2 yrs; 177±6.3 cm; 67±5.3 Kg) performed an incremental maximal step test (7x200 m front crawl) in 3 moments of the season: M1 -after a recovery microcycle, M2 -after a 5 week period of aerobic overload (volume increased by 20%) and M3 -after 8 weeks of progressively decreasing volume and higher intensities. Blood and saliva samples were collected before (6:30 a.m.) and 5 min after, for the determination of leukocyte and total lymphocyte and subpopulations (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD19 + and CD16 + ) counts by flow cytometry; serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration by cytometric bead array and salivary IgA (s-IgA) concentrations by ELISA. s-IgA secretory rate (sr-IgA) was calculated from s-IgA values. ANOVA for repeated measures was used for the assessment of training effect. The level of significance was set at p<.05.
Immune Responses To An Acute Maximal Exercise Changes During A Training Cycle In Swimming
In endurance sports, cycles of high training volume are implemented in order to optimize aerobic and movement economy adaptations. This leads to transient imbalances between training loads and recovery contributing to the onset of fatigue and sometimes illness in highly trained athletes. The well-established interdependence between substrate depletion, hormonal and immune functions elicits usually a immunodepression state as response to hard training periods. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of two subsequent training cycles of different load quantitative and intensity characteristics on the response of systemic and mucosal immunity to a maximal swimming bout. METHODS: 6 well-trained male swimmers (18±2.2 yrs; 177±6.3 cm; 67±5.3 Kg) performed an incremental maximal step test (7x200 m front crawl) in 3 moments of the season: M1 -after a recovery microcycle, M2 -after a 5 week period of aerobic overload (volume increased by 20%) and M3 -after 8 weeks of progressively decreasing volume and higher intensities. Blood and saliva samples were collected before (6:30 a.m.) and 5 min after, for the determination of leukocyte and total lymphocyte and subpopulations (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD19 + and CD16 + ) counts by flow cytometry; serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration by cytometric bead array and salivary IgA (s-IgA) concentrations by ELISA. s-IgA secretory rate (sr-IgA) was calculated from s-IgA values. ANOVA for repeated measures was used for the assessment of training effect. The level of significance was set at p<.05.
Effects of resistance training on the inflammatory response
Nutrition research and practice, 2010
Resistance training (RT) is associated with reduced risk of low grade inflammation related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The majority of the data studying cytokines and exercise comes from endurance exercise. In contrast, evidence establishing a relationship between RT and inflammation is more limited. This review focuses on the cytokine responses both following an acute bout, and after chronic RT. In addition, the effect of RT on low grade systemic inflammation such as individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes is reviewed. Cytokines are secreted proteins that influence the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells and other organ systems. Cytokines function as intracellular signals and almost all cells in the body either secrete them or have cytokine receptors. Thus, understanding cytokine role in a specific physiological situation such as a bout of RT can be exceedingly complex. The overall effect of long term RT appears to ameliora...
Exercise and Recovery Responses of Lymphokines to Heavy Resistance Exercise
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2000
To examine the effect of dynamic resistance exercise on the response patterns of lymphokines, 10 strength-trained men (21.7 Ϯ 0.6 y) performed 2 resistance exercise protocols, high force (HF) and high power (HP), of equal total work (HF ϭ 33.0 Ϯ 2.5 kJ; HP ϭ 33.3 Ϯ 2.7 kJ) in a randomized order separated by 1 week. Resting blood samples were obtained preexercise and 0 (R-0), 15 (R-15), and 240 (R-240) minutes postexercise. Plasma lactate significantly (p Ͻ 0.05) increased from baseline for both protocols; however, concentrations were higher in response to the HF protocol. Plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentrations were significantly decreased from baseline at R-15 following the HF protocol. Plasma interferon-gamma (IFN-␥) concentrations decreased at R-0 following the HP protocol and returned to preexercise levels by R-15. Although the suppression of these 2 lymphokines was transient, the results indicate that the acute stress of high force and high resistance workouts induce differential IFN-␥ and IL-2 responses.
Changes in Immune Response to Moderate Exercise in Active Trainees
Platelet-Rich Plasma, 2020
Many questions are still reaming about the mechanism by which regular moderate training to the magnitude of the specific immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of regular moderate training on specific immune response in human body.
2012
Objectives: In this study for surveying the relation between exercise and immune cell, we examine the effect of Effect of 8 weeks endurance training on immune system cell changes with recovery period. Study design: Experimental study Methods: participant of this research including health and yang males that were randomized divided into two groups :( ETG) endurance training groups with 15 men; and (CG) 13 men in to control group. Different factor of anthropometric characteristics (i.e. age, weight & height) and also white blood cell (i.e. lymphocyte, neutrophils, monocytes) were experimented. In this study, subjects, runs on a treadmill for 15-30 min at 50 % - 70% maximal Heart rate for 8 weeks, with Venous blood sample was taken at pre, post and at 24- hours and 48-hours after exercise. For data analyze, we used of one -way using repeated-measurements ANOVA, in SPSS12. And also Significance was evaluated as P < 0.05.In addition, all values are expressed as mean ± standard deviati...