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Political psychology has a pivotal role in the discipline of international relations, particularly in handling the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The conflict severely affects all global aspects, from the economic to security, including Indonesia’s G20 Presidency. This study aims to analyze how political psychology contributes to reducing or becoming the key to the performance of the Indonesian G20 Presidency in conjunction with the Russia–Ukraine conflict and diplomatic bluff by some countries. With descriptive qualitative research methods, and data collection techniques with literature studies from books, journals, and webpage news, data were analyzed, and conclusions were drawn. The Russia–Ukraine conflict not only threatens international peace and security order but also challenges Indonesia’s G20 presidency as Russian Vladimir Putin gets invited to attend the summit. This article used the Tree Model, offering three mechanisms by prioritizing psychopolitics and psychoanaly...
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9. INTERNATIONAL GAP SUMMIT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONGRESS, 2022
The processes of urbanization and globalization, as phenomena that directly affect each other, have brought many positive and negative results in the social, economic and cultural fields, as well as significant results in migration and asylum processes. Migration waves, especially from rural areas to urban areas in order to benefit from the financial opportunities of the city, have reached the highest level in the last period with the effect of globalization. It is possible to consider urban refugees as a similar process. Although the areas where refugees continue their lives in the countries where they took refuge after crossing the borders are divided into refugee camps and cities, current demographic data from all over the world reveal that cities are more preferred by refugees. While a refugee's choice of these two options is shaped by the influence of many different factors, the push-and-pull factors, which are accepted as the basic components of the urbanization process, are also the main factors that determine the refugee preferences. These factors can be divided into two as the factors that make the urban area attractive and the factors that make the refugee camps repulsive. Despite the fact that urban refugees face a higher risk of protection compared to their peers living in camps, and at the same time, they receive less financial aid, education, health care, shelter and social assistance than those in camps, the number of refugees who take refuge in urban areas is increasing day by day. Conditions such as the uncertainty of their illegal status and the fear of being caught can make it impossible for refugees in cities to reach these opportunities, and in most cases, the desire of refugees to continue their lives in the urban area is realized against the will of the bureaucratic, legal and political administration. Despite all these negative conditions, the hope of overcoming the problems and other attractive factors make cities a center of attraction for refugees. In this study, firstly, the place of urban refugees in the refugee literature, their historical development and their differences from other refugee groups are explained. Then, the preference of refugees in urban areas instead of camps was examined under four main reasons. These reasons, which are listed as the urban origins of the refugees, family connections in the cities of asylum, the way they access services in the cities, and the feeling of being safer compared to the camps, are analyzed through examples.
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Climate Action Through Artificial Intelligence: International Legal Perspective
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Far-reaching negative effects of climate change are putting pressure on the international community to adopt appropriate climate actions with regard to sustainable development. The use of artificial intelligence may be one of the tools to achieve the goals set in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The paper highlights several examples of artificial intelligence that can be used to achieve appropriate climate action, such as weather and natural disaster predictions, or they can help monitor, model and manage environmental systems, whether it is illegal logging, water degradation, illegal fishing and poaching, air pollution or the burden of farming. Technologies using artificial intelligence are, however, often developed and used in an ethical and legal vacuum. The aim of the paper is to outline the existing international legislation in the context of meeting the goals of sustainable development in the field of climate action through artificial intelligence and to point...
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This Baseline Survey was convened in association with a bid for 'The Passage Tomb Landscape of County Sligo' to be placed on Ireland’s World Heritage Site 'Tentative List'. The study was primarily funded by the Heritage Council, together with support from Sligo County Council and NUI Galway. The WHS proposal is focused on the outstanding universal value of a cultural landscape punctuated by a rich accumulation of monuments of the Irish Passage Tomb Tradition. Today, the remains of this tradition are primarily represented by approximately one hundred monuments, which by their location and construction reveal intricate inter-connectivity as well as a strong connection with the natural landscape. The study consists of a field-based survey of the current state of conservation of the majority of these monuments to create a baseline assessment of their level of preservation and identify threats to their continued existence. It is hoped that this resource will be a vital tool to inform future management and conservation policies.