Conceptual study of the cryostats for the cold powering system for the triplets of the High Luminosity LHC (original) (raw)
Related papers
Conceptual design of the cryostat for the new high luminosity (HL-LHC) triplet magnets
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is a project to upgrade the LHC collider after 2020-2025 to increase the integrated luminosity by about one order of magnitude and extend the physics production until 2035. An upgrade of the focusing triplets insertion system for the ATLAS and CMS experiments is foreseen using superconducting magnets operating in a pressurised superfluid helium bath at 1.9 K. This will require the design and construction of four continuous cryostats, each about sixty meters in length and one meter in diameter, for the final beam focusing quadrupoles, corrector magnets and beam separation dipoles. The design is constrained by the dimensions of the existing tunnel and accessibility restrictions imposing the integration of cryogenic piping inside the cryostat, thus resulting in a very compact integration. As the alignment and position stability of the magnets is crucial for the luminosity performance of the machine, the magnet support system must be carefully designed in order to cope with parasitic forces and thermo-mechanical load cycles. In this paper, we present the conceptual design of the cryostat and discuss the approach to address the stringent and often conflicting requirements of alignment, integration and thermal aspects.
submitter : Chapter 6A: Cold powering of the superconducting circuits
2020
For the HL-LHC project, a novel concept for the cold powering of superconducting magnets has been developed. It is based on a new type of superconducting lines (hereafter referred to as Superconducting (SC) Links) that have been developed to transfer the current to the new HL-LHC insertion region magnets from remote distances. Power converters and current leads will in fact be located in the new underground areas (UR) excavated for the HL-LHC (technical galleries running aside the LHC tunnel), and the SC Links will provide the electrical connection between the current leads and the magnets – the latter being located in the LHC main tunnel. Each SC Link has a length of more than 100 m and transfers a total current of up to about |120| kA. The benefits of the remote powering of the HL-LHC magnets via SC links are several and can be summarized as follows: - Access of personnel for maintenance, routine tests and specific interventions on power converters, current leads and associated c...
A Low Heat Inleak Cryogenic Station for Testing HTS Current Leads for the Large Hadron Collider
The LHC will be equipped with about 8000 superconducting magnets of all types. The total current to be transported into the cryogenic enclosure amounts to some 3360 kA. In order to reduce the heat load into the liquid helium, CERN intends to use High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) material for leads having current ratings up to 13 kA. The resistive part of the leads is cooled by forced flow of gaseous helium between 20 K and 300 K. The HTS part of the lead is immersed in a 4.5 K liquid helium bath, operates in self cooling conditions and is hydraulically separated from the resistive part. A cryogenic test station has been designed and built in order to assess the thermal and electrical performances of 13 kA prototype current leads. We report on the design, commissioning and operation of the cryogenic test station and illustrate its performance by typical test results of HTS current leads.
Potential of High-Temperature Super Conductor Current Leads for LHC Cryogenics
1996
The reference design for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European laboratory for particle physics, CERN is based on the generalised use of HighTemperature Superconductor (HTS) current leads. This paper discusses the envisaged cooling methods for these HTS leads and lists the possible gains and drawbacks for the cryogenic system linked to these different solutions. The aspects considered for this comparison are the design of interfaces, the adaptability to load changes, the design of the heat exchangers for the lead cooling and the exergetic costs of refrigeration within the already well defined cryogenic infrastructure for the LHC machine.
Full Cryogenic Test of 600 A HTS Hybrid Current Leads for the LHC
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2000
For full cryogenic test of CERN 600 A High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) current leads prior to integration into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a dedicated facility has been designed, constructed and operated at the University of Southampton. The facility consists of purpose-built test cryostats, 20 K helium gas supply, helium gas flow and temperature control systems and quench protection system. Over 400 such leads have already been successfully tested and qualified for installation at CERN. This paper describes various design and operation aspects of the test facility and presents the detailed cryogenic test results of the CERN 600 A current leads, including steady state 20 K flow rates. , a dedicated facility has been designed, constructed and operated at the University of Southampton. The facility consists of purpose-built test cryostats, 20 K helium gas supply, helium gas flow and temperature control systems and quench protection system. Over 400 such leads have already been successfully tested and qualified for installation at CERN. This paper describes various design and operation aspects of the test facility and presents the detailed cryogenic test results of the CERN 600 A current leads, including steady state 20 K flow rates.
2010
The insertion regions located around the four interaction points of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are mainly composed of the low-β triplets, the separation dipoles and their respective electrical feed-boxes (DFBX). The low-β triplets are Nb-Ti superconductor quadrupole magnets, which operate at 215 T/m in superfluid helium at a temperature of 1.9 K. The commissioning and the first operation of these components have been performed. The thermo-mechanical behavior of the low-β triplets and DFBX were studied. Cooling and control systems were tuned to optimize the cryogenic operation of the insertion regions. Hardware commissioning also permitted to test the system response. This paper summarizes the performance results and the lessons learned.
Extending the Use of HTS to Feeders in Superconducting Magnet Systems
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2008
Following the successful adoption of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in over a thousand current leads that will feed 3 MA from warm to cold in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the use of HTS has been generally accepted as suitable technology for the design of efficient leads feeding cryo-magnets. We now consider the extension of the technology to the interconnection of strings of superconducting magnets and their connection to feed-boxes through which the excitation current is fed. It is proposed to use HTS material for this application instead of low-temperature superconductor or normal-conducting material. The implications of adopting this technology are discussed with regard to the choice of materials, highlighting the differences with more conventional schemes. Examples are given of how this approach could be applied to the consolidation and upgrade of the LHC.
1995
specific R&D programme in these domains. engineering challenge in applied superconductivity and cryogenicsf and has thus required a unprecedented luminosity of 1034 cm•2.s•l. Therefore, the LHC also represents a major it will provide proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and at an below 2 K,3 to be installed in the 26.7 km circumference tunnel of the present LEP collider, ring of high-field, twin-aperture superconducting magnets2 operating in superfluid helium December 1994, will be the next major research facility in high-energy physics} Based on a The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project, approved by the CERN Council in INTRODUCTION as well as magnet resistive transitions. operation, including response of the system to transients such as current ramp and discharge, industrial PLCs connected to an industrial supervision system. We report on performance in cooldown of the 109 kg cold mass. The system is fully instrumented, controlled by dedicated and auxiliary magnet circuits, as well as a 120 kW liquid nitrogen vaporizer for controlled also includes 15 kA, 1.6 kA, 500 A, 250 A and 50 A current lead pairs for powering of main installed capacities of 120 W @ 1.8 K and 10 g/s supercritical helium at 4.5 K. The system built and are operating a dedicated cryogenic system feeding the LHC Test String, with cryomagnets. Based on existing large-capacity cryogenic infrastructure, we have designed, providing refrigeration at the 1.9 K, 4.5-to-20 K, and 50•to-75 K levels to the LHC of the machine lattice. This also corresponds to the length of the elementary cooling loops testing and operation of a 50-m long superconducting magnet string, representing a half-cell A maj or milestone in the preparation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proj ect is the
HTS power lead testing at the Fermilab magnet test facility
2005
The Fermilab Magnet Test Facility has tested high-temperature superconductor (HTS) power leads for cryogenic feed boxes to be placed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) interaction regions and at the new BTeV C0 interaction region of the Fermilab Tevatron. A new test facility was designed and operated, successfully testing 20 pairs of HTS power leads for the LHC and 2 pairs of HTS power leads for the BTeV experiment. This paper describes the design and operation of the cryogenics, process controls, data acquisition, and quench management systems. Results from the facility commissioning are included, as is the performance of a new insulation method to prevent frost accumulation on the warm ends of the power leads.