Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 does not prevent intestinal bacterial translocation in ascitic cirrhotic rats (original) (raw)
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Journal of Hepatology, 2002
Background/Aims: Probiotics and antioxidants could be alternatives to antibiotics in the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 and antioxidants on intestinal flora, endotoxemia, and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Methods: Twenty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats with cirrhosis induced by CCl 4 and ascites received Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 10 9 cfu/day in vehicle (antioxidants: vitamin C 1 glutamate) (n ¼ 10), vehicle alone (n ¼ 11), or water (n ¼ 8) by gavage. Another eight non-cirrhotic rats formed the control group. After 10 days of treatment, a laparotomy was performed to determine microbiological study of ileal and cecal feces, bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as index of intestinal oxidative damage. Results: Intestinal enterobacteria and enterococci, bacterial translocation (0/11 and 0/10 vs. 5/8, P , 0.01), and ileal MDA levels (P , 0.01) were lower in cirrhotic rats treated with antioxidants alone or in combination with Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 compared to cirrhotic rats receiving water. Only rats treated with antioxidants and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 showed a decrease in endotoxemia with respect to cirrhotic rats receiving water (P , 0.05). Conclusions: Antioxidants alone or in combination with Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 can be useful in preventing bacterial translocation in cirrhosis.
Journal of Hepatology, 2012
We read with interest the recent paper by Fouts et al. [1] showing that bacterial translocation occurs not only in rats with advanced CCl 4 -induced cirrhosis but also in rats with early stages of liver injury. Furthermore, the authors suggest that bacterial translocation, mainly in these early stages, is due to increased intestinal permeability more than to changes in the intestinal microbiome. As probiotics can improve intestinal permeability and modulate gut flora [2], there is increasing interest in their possible efficacy to prevent bacterial translocation, and therefore, progression of liver damage and bacterial infections in liver diseases [2][3][4][5].
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2001
Septic complications represent frequent causes of morbidity in liver diseases and following hepatic operations. Most infections are caused by the individual own intestinal microflora. The intestinal microflora composition is important in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract, but their influence on liver in different situations is unclear. We therefore studied the effect of different Lactobacillus strains and a Bifidobacterium strain on the extent of liver injury, bacterial translocation and intestinal microflora in an acute liver injury model.
Clinical Nutrition, 2007
Background: Bacterial infections are frequent in cirrhosis. Experimental studies suggest a pathogenic role of intestinal bacterial translocation in them. Both fermentable and nonfermentable fibre avoided intestinal bacterial translocation (IBT) in animal models of gut starvation and critical illness. Aim: To assess the effect of fermentable (pectin) or non-fermentable (lignin) fibre on IBT in ascitic cirrhotic rats. Methods: Thirty-six rats induced to cirrhosis with oral CCl 4 were randomized (6 weeks after the first CCl 4 dose) to receive rat chow+5% lignin (LIG, n ¼ 13), rat chow+5% pectin (PEC, n ¼ 13), or rat chow only (CON, n ¼ 10). Once ascites developed, animals were laparotomized and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), ascitic fluid, portal and peripheral blood and liver, were obtained for culture. Results: IBT rate was: LIG ¼ 5/13, PEC ¼ 4/13, CON ¼ 5/10 (P ¼ N.S.). The median amount of translocated bacteria in rats with IBT was lower in the PEC group (2 Â 10 2 CFU/g MLN), than in LIG (10 5 CFU/g MLN) and CON (10 4 CFU/g MLN) groups (Po0.05). All other samples were sterile except for a portal blood sample (Enterococcus faecalis) of the LIG group. Conclusions: IBT incidence is not decreased by either pectin or lignin in ascitic cirrhotic rats, but pectin supplementation reduces the amount of translocated bacteria.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2021
Hepatic cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects one fifth of the World's population and is the third leading cause of death in Mexico. Attempts have been made to develop treatments for this hepatic cirrhosis, which include manipulating the intestinal microbiota and thus decreasing the early inflammatory response. The microbiota is reportedly altered in patients with cirrhosis. Due to its immunomodulatory properties and its ability to survive in the gastrointestinal tract, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has been used as a therapeutic measure in inflammatory disorders of the colon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the L. lactis probiotic NZ9000 in preventing tetrachloromethane (CCl 4)-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis. The following 4 groups were included in the experimental stage (n=5): i) Control group; ii) L. lactis group; iii) CCl 4 group; and iv) L. lactis-CCl 4 group. For the first 2 weeks, L. lactis was orally administered to the L. lactis and L. lactis-CCl 4 groups; CCl 4 was then peritoneally administered to the lactis-CCl 4 group for a further 4 weeks (in addition to the probiotic), while the L. lactis group received the probiotic only. For the CCl 4 group, CCl 4 was administered for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were all compared with the control group and the L. lactis + CCl 4 group. Tissue samples were analyzed histologically and biochemically, and the gene expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10 and forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) were determined. L. lactis decreased hepatic cirrhosis by preventing steatosis and fibrosis, and by reducing the levels of AST and ALT. Subchronic CCl 4 injury induced upregulation of the IL-1β gene in the liver, which was decreased by L. lactis. It was also found that the group treated with L. lactis showed increased expression of Foxp3 in the liver and IL-10 in the gut. These results suggested that oral administration of L. lactis may be a potential probiotic to prevent or protect against CCl 4-induced liver injury.
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2005
In an acute liver injury model we compared the effects of different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on bacterial translocation, intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae and the extent of liver injury. This was an experimental study carried out in an university hospital in Sweden. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: liver injury control and five groups of liver injury with administration of three different Lactobacillus and two Bifidobacterium strains (orally twice daily for 8 days). Liver injury was induced on the eighth day by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (1.1 g/kg body weight). The main outcome measures were samples collected 24 h after injury. Liver enzymes and bilirubin serum levels, bacterial translocation (to arterial and portal blood, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes), intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae in relation to lactobacilli and the total bacterial load were evaluated and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of translocating bacteria was carried out. Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843, Lactobacillus gasseri 5B3 and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 decreased bacterial translocation to the liver compared with the liver injury control group. Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 translocated to the liver. The Enterobacteriaceae count in the caecum decreased in the L. plantarum DSM 9843, L. gasseri 5B3, Bifidobacterium 'urinalis' 3B1 and B. infantis DSM 15158 groups, while all the administered probiotics decreased it in the colon. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin were significantly lower in the L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 groups compared with the liver injury control group. All test strains except L. paracasei DSM 13434 inhibited translocation to the liver. Instead, L. paracasei was found in the liver and it also failed to decrease the load of Enterobacteriaceae in caecum. The best strains in protecting the liver during injury were L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158, as reflected by bilirubin and liver enzymes. Thus, there are major effectual differences between strains/species. In contrast, the phylogenetically most diverse strains, L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158, exercised the same effects.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2021
Hepatic cirrhosis is a chronic disease that affects one fifth of the World's population and is the third leading cause of death in Mexico. Attempts have been made to develop treatments for this hepatic cirrhosis, which include manipulating the intestinal microbiota and thus decreasing the early inflammatory response. The microbiota is reportedly altered in patients with cirrhosis. Due to its immunomodulatory properties and its ability to survive in the gastrointestinal tract, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has been used as a therapeutic measure in inflammatory disorders of the colon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the L. lactis probiotic NZ9000 in preventing tetrachloromethane (CCl4)-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis. The following 4 groups were included in the experimental stage (n=5): i) Control group; ii) L. lactis group; iii) CCl4 group; and iv) L. lactis-CCl4 group. For the first 2 weeks, L. lactis was orally administered to the L. la...
Life sciences, 2011
Use of probiotics, alone or as adjunct to other established therapies, has been reported to have potential benefits. Recently, we have reported protective potential of probiotic against Salmonella-induced liver injury. However, co-supplementation with prebiotics did not result in meaningful synergism at systemic level. Owing to the action of probiotics at the mucosal level and of arginine at systemic level, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum alone or in conjunction with arginine to combat endotoxin-mediated liver injury in rats. Bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally and animals were sacrificed 8h post-challenge. Efficacy of L. plantarum alone or in conjunction with l-arginine was determined on the basis of enzyme markers, histology, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in addition to identification of amino acids by paper chromatography. Prior supplementation of LPS-cha...