Characterization of Different Arundo donax L. Clones from the Mediterranean Region (original) (raw)
Related papers
Genetic Diversity, Cytogenetics, and Biomass Yields among Taxa of Giant Reeds (Arundo Species)
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Genetic diversity and cytogenetics of 31 accessions of Arundo L., collected from North America and South Asia, were characterized using 20 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, flow cytometry, and cytology. In addition, field trials of 23 Arundo donax L. accessions were established in 2011 and harvested in 2012 to 2013 to assess annual biomass yields. Cluster analysis, based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient method, clearly differentiated Arundo formasana Hack. from A. donax and a third unidentified Arundo taxon. Arundo donax further contained two subgroups representing North American (naturalized and cultivated) and South Asian collections. Within each A. donax subgroup, genetic distances were very low (0.03 for North America and 0.07 for South Asia). Principle coordinate analysis further supported distinct clusters. Relative genome sizes were determined using Pisum sativum L. as the reference genome and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochrome. Chromosome numbers (2n...
First results on evaluation of Arundo donax L. clones collected in Southern Italy
Industrial Crops and Products, 2006
The research of alternative crops for biomass production for energy indicates giant reed (Arundo donax L.), widespread spontaneous plant in Mediterranean regions, among the species at high aptitude for accumulation of biomass. Within the activity of an E.U. programme (CEE FAIR CT 97-2028 "Giant reed (A. donax L.) Network. Improvement, productivity and biomass quality", germplasm of giant reed were collected to evaluate potential production and the phenotypic and genotypic variability, the heritability in order to selecting the best genotypes.
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2015
While searching for novel energy plants, researchers have become interested in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), which is a C4 perennial grass. The objective of this study was to assess switchgrass populations by estimating the variability of nuclear DNA content and agromorphological characteristics. Plant ploidy level was determined using a flow cytometry technique. The switchgrass collection comprised 31 populations differing in ploidy level. Seventeen populations were tetraploid with an average genomic DNA content of 2.5 picograms (pg). The individuals of 4 populations were found to have an average DNA content of 5.4 pg, which is specific to octoploids. The remaining 10 populations were estimated to be of a mixed ploidy level with DNA content ranging from 2.1 to 7.0 pg. The plants of tetraploid and mixed ploidy populations were characterised by significantly taller culms and more abundant fresh biomass production compared with octoploid populations. An analysis of dry matter revealed a similar trend. Earlier heading date was observed for tetraploid populations. All switchgrass populations tested exhibited a similar overwinter survival rate (93.7-96.7%). The most stable characteristics were found to be plant height, bunch diameter, leaf width and length (coefficient of variation 4.0-9.7%). Among all plant characteristics, the greatest variability was established for dry biomass yield (coefficient of variation 5.0-35.8%).
In vitro physical mutagenesis of giant reed (Arundo donax L.)
GCB Bioenergy, 2017
Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a C3 perennial, warm‐season, rhizomatous grass of emerging interest for bioenergy and biomass derivatives production, and for phytoremediation. It only propagates vegetatively and very little genetic variation is found among ecotypes, basically precluding breeding efforts. With the objective to increase the genetic variation in this species, we developed and applied a mutagenesis protocol based on γ‐irradiation of in vitro cell cultures from which regenerants were obtained. Based on a radiosensitivity test, the irradiation dose reducing to 50% the number of regenerants per callus (RD50) was estimated at 35 Gy. A large mutagenic experiment was carried out by irradiating a total of 3120 calli with approx. 1×, 1.5× and 2× RD50. A total of 1004 regenerants from irradiated calli were hardened in pots and transplanted to the field. Initial phenotypic characterization of the collection showed correlated responses of biomass‐related quantitative traits to irr...
Comparative Cytogenetics
Aegilops comosa Smith in Sibthorp et Smith, 1806 is diploid grass with MM genome constitution occurring mainly in Greece. Two morphologically distinct subspecies – Ae. c. comosa Chennaveeraiah, 1960 and Ae. c. heldreichii (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig, 1929 are discriminated within Ae. comosa, however, genetic and karyotypic bases of their divergence are not fully understood. We used Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes and electrophoretic analysis of gliadins to characterize the genome and karyotype of Ae. comosa to assess the level of their genetic diversity and uncover mechanisms leading to radiation of subspecies. We show that two subspecies differ in size and morphology of chromosomes 3M and 6M, which can be due to reciprocal translocation. Subspecies also differ in the amount and distribution of microsatellite and satellite DNA sequences, the number and position of minor NORs, especially on 3M and 6M, and gliadin spectra mainly in the a-zone. Frequ...
Salinity and Water Stress Effects on Biomass Production in Different Arundo donax L. Clones
BioEnergy Research, 2015
Perennial rhizomatous grasses are regarded as leading energy crops due to their environmental benefits and their suitability to regions with adverse conditions. In this paper, two different experiments were carried out in order to study the salinity (S) and water stress (WS) effects on biomass production in giant reed (Arundo donax L.). In Experiment 1, eight clones of giant reed were subjected to four S and WS treatments: (i) well-watered with nonsaline solution, (ii) water stress with non-saline solution, (iii) well-watered with saline solution and iv) water stress with saline solution. In Experiment 2, five clones of giant reed were subjected to increasing S levels in two locations: University of Catania (UNICT-Italy) (i)well-watered with non-saline solution and (ii)wellwatered with mild saline solution; and University of Barcelona (UB-Spain) (iii)well-watered with non-saline solution and (iv)well-watered with severe saline solution. Photosynthetic and physiological parameters as well as biomass production were measured in these plants. According to our data, giant reed seems to be more tolerant to S than WS. Both stresses mainly affected stomatal closure to prevent dehydration of the plant, and eventually decreasing the photosynthetic rate. The differential performance of the giant reed clones was ranked according to their tolerance to S and WS by using the Stress Susceptibility Index. 'Agrigento' was the most WS resistant clone and 'Martinensis' was the most S resistant. 'Martinensis' and 'Piccoplant' were found to be the most suitable clones for growing under both stress conditions. Moreover, 'Fondachello', 'Cefalú' and 'Licata' were the most resistant clones to increasing S levels.
Variability of Arundo donax growth in dry-farming as a function of soil properties
2014
Arundo donax L., commonly known as giant reed or arundo, is a perennial rhizomatous grass that has been studied since the decade of 1980 for bioenergy. In the Mediterranean regioncharacterised by dry and hot summers-arundo is usually grown with the support of irrigation. However, there is evidence that this plant species can tolerate dry-farming conditions once the crop is fully established. In this work the variation observed in plant growth of a 5-yearold arundo crop when the management changed from irrigated to dry-farming, is assessed. The hypothesis underlying this work was that punctual variations of soil properties might be responsible for the differences observed in plant growth.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1989
Somaclonal variant plants may be of use in broadening the germplasm base of plant species and providing useful stocks for cytogenetic investigations. This study was conducted to compare morphologic, cytogenetic and enzymatic characteristics of 21 R~ (initial regenerate) bluestem, Bothrioehloa sp., plants, visibly identified in a field-grown population of 522 plants as probable variants, with their respective R 0 (explant donor) progenitor. An R, seedling population was grown to ascertain the transmission of the variant R~ phenotypes. All R~ plants differed from their respective Ro progenitors in one or more morphological characters. Foliage colour was the most pronounced difference in most cases. Four of the plants, three of which were dwarfed, produced no inflorescences. The R, plants tended to be shorter than R 0 progenitors and had corresponding decreases in lengths on inflorescences and lowest racemes. All R, plants of accessions 8911C and 8793 had an increase in chromosome number from 2n = 4x = 40 to 2n = 5x = 50. Three dwarfed Rh plants, derived from accession 8873B, were aneuploids, two having 2n = 48 chromosomes and the third being a probable mixoploid with 55-58 chromosomes. Other plants of accession 8873B had the R0 chromosome number. Fertility, as estimated by pollen stainability and seed set, generally was reduced in R, plants relative to the R 0. This reduction was not drastic, however, with all flowering plants having 45% or higher seed set. Apomixis apparently maintained fertility in all R~ plants, including those with a pentaploid chromosome number. All R t plants differed from their respective R 0 plants in peroxidase and esterase banding patterns. All R t plants of accessions 891 IC, and 8793, respectively, had identical peroxidase and esterase bands. For both enzyme systems two banding patterns were present in R~ plants of accession 8873B, with 12 of 13 plants exhibiting common patterns. Examination of R 2 progeny plants confirmed the genetic transmission of the variant phenotypes and, by virtue of uniformity, indicated apomictic reproduction in the R~ plants. The results demonstrate the production of potentially useful genetic and cytogenetic variant plants via tissue culture in these apomictic species.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2008
The genetic Variation of Reed Grass <em>Calamagrostis arundinacea</em> (L.) Roth was investigated in 25 populations in various geographic regions of Poland. A total of 907 individuals were sampled for electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase loci (11 allozymes). Populations were characterised by genetic parameters e.g. heterozygosity level, Wright's fixation index (F) and polymorphism coefficient (Pg). Mean values of interpopulation variability level (GST=0.0310), total genetic diversity (HT=0.4102) and gene flow between populations (Nm=7.805) were also examined. All the populations were polymorphic and they remain in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
CYTOLOGIA, 2018
The scope of the present study is to contribute to future breeding studies by determining the relationship between chromosome number and morphology of naturally occurring 18 genotypes of Turkish Lolium perenne. The chromosome number for all the studied genotypes was concurrently determined as 2n=14 (x=7). Their karyotypes showed a predominance of metacentric chromosomes. In the karyotype of one genotype, submetacentric chromosomes were dominant. A total of quantitative asymmetric indices were used to evaluate karyological features of the species. A meaningful dendrogram was carried out to assess the karyotype-symmetry conditions and described the karyotype relationships between different cytotypes. Chromosome lengths in a karyotype were between 1.52-2.95 µm and there was a broad variation in asymmetric index karyotype formula. It may be proposed that the populations of the Turkish perennial ryegrass have quite an important potential relevant to chromosomal variation, and therefore this variation gives essential opportunities to agronomists to develop new cultivars in the future.