Hunger and Food Insecurity (original) (raw)
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Food insecurity is a complex development issue dealing with physical and economic constraints to safe and nutritious food to maintain healthy living. This paper proposes a new approach to measuring food insecurity. Households or individuals are deemed food insecure if their access to food sufficient to meet their nutritional needs is limited by lack of resources. This paper estimates the per capita monetary cost of a food basket that provides a balanced diet through adequate nutrients including calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates to maintain good health. The per capita monetary cost of food is calculated in terms of U.S. dollars based on the 2005 Purchasing Power Parity to compare estimates across countries. The findings reveal substantial progress in reducing global food insecurity during 2002-2011. In just one decade, the percentage of food insecure people, who are likely to suffer from hunger, notably decreased from 21.59% in 2002 to 10.98% in 2011, with more than 455 million people lifted out of food insecurity. Despite such progress, some 626 million people in the globe are still food insecure. Among the regions, Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from severe hunger. This paper estimates that with its trend growth rate, Sub-Saharan Africa will need almost three decades to eradicate food insecurity. * We would like to acknowledge many insightful comments by Jacques Silber which led to substantial improvements in the paper.
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The Economics of Emergency Food Aid Provision, 2018
This chapter sets out the context for the rise in food poverty and the corresponding rise in the number of food banks in the UK. It provides a background to some of the key definitions and concepts used in the area such as food poverty and food insecurity. It starts with a short history of the development of food banks and then moves on to examine the issue of rising food poverty and insecurity. This is contextualised within the increases in general poverty and to changes in the UK welfare system. For those unfamiliar with the operation of food banks, a brief outline of the different types and how they work is provided. The chapter concludes with an overview of how ‘governmentality’ around food has shifted from the state to the charity sector.
2018
Food insecurity is one of the most important issues in determining a country's level of development, being at the core of sustainable growth. It affects all countries in the world, because even in countries with high current levels of income or food availability, the stability of food access and utilization may change over time. Comparisons of food insecurity in different economic and demographic subpopulations across countries provide a better understanding of the complex phenomenon and support policies aimed at improving the well-being of populations and alleviating hunger. Even though definitions and measures of food insecurity have been widely debated, both in the political and scientific spheres, for decades, until very recently data referring to a univocal measure of food insecurity was lacking at the global level. Only beginning in 2014 was the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) used to perform a global survey, in 147 countries, with a sample of more than 150,000 individuals. This study presents an analysis of food insecurity based on information relating to individuals' own experience of their food insecurity, measured by FIES, together with other meaningful personal and household characteristics. The objective of this work is to assess which factors can determine individual food insecurity. Food insecurity presents marked differences depending on the level of development of the country under consideration. To take these factors into account, countries have been grouped together using a cluster analysis, based on the indicators forming the UN Human Development Index. The model, estimated both at the global level and for each group of countries, allows us to identify the economic, social, and demographic characteristics related to food insecurity, adding further evidence to the existing literature. Overall, the factors that have a significant impact on the risk of food insecurity include level of education, number of children in the household, and location of the household.