Comprehensive investigation of groundwater quality in the north-west of Iran: Physicochemical and heavy metal analysis (original) (raw)
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Journal of Water and Land Development, 2019
Based on chemical analyses, the quality of ground waters for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes was determined in Rafsanjan Plain-Iran. Samples for analyses were taken from 22 wells in 2012. Because of high water hardness and total dissolved solids content, water was found to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. Water quality for agriculture was determined with the use of the Wilcox method. Among the analysed water, 10.33% were attributed to C3-S1 class (high electrolytic conductivity and low sodium adsorption ratio), 59.5% to class C4-S1 (very high EC and low SAR) and 30.17% to class C4-S2 (very high EC and medium SAR). 89.67% of studied wells were unsuitable for agriculture. Because of corrosive water properties all but two wells on Rafsanjan Plain were undesirable for use in the industry. The results of qualitative analyses were presented in GIS and in databases to support making decision and management of groundwater on Rafsanjan Plain.
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research (JAEHR), 2021
Background: The physicochemical composition of groundwater is affected by the quantity and quality of surrounding aquifers which are in turn recharging from adjacent river waters. Methods: In the present study, 20 surface and 16 groundwater samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon season from the Jajrood River basin, Tehran, Iran. The samples were analyzed for 18 physicochemical water quality characteristics to assess the river and groundwater qualities. Hydrogeochemical analyses of groundwater samples were also performed to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) for drinking and evaluate factors governing the water quality characteristic in the study area. Accordingly, the Piper diagram and Gibbs and Chadha plots were drawn to assess seasonal variations in hydrochemical facies and processes in the basin. Subsurface soil samples were also examined with respect to the structure, elemental composition, and multi-elemental trace analysis. Results: Results showed the abundance of major ions in the order of Ca+2 >Na+>Mg+2>K+ for cations and HCO3- >SO42- >Cl- >NO3- >F- for anions. In general, all drinking groundwater samples met WHO permissible limits except for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and HCO3-. Moreover, the water is categorized as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. Subsurface soil analyses demonstrated quartz and calcium carbonate as the main phases of soil structure, suggesting the enrichment of groundwater with temporary hardness. Conclusion: Overall, the groundwater quality was suitable for drinking and agricultural activities.
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This study aims to evaluate the hydrogeochemistry of aquifers in Fars province, Iran, from 2007 to 2017 and assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and agricultural uses. A total of 35,000 samples were collected from wells and qanats across the province. Piper, Gibbs, and Durov diagrams were used to assess the hydrochemical facies and processes. Cross plots of different ions were investigated to assess ion exchange and determine the effects of anthropogenic activities, as well as the weathering and dissolution of different rocks and minerals in the aquifers. Groundwater quality and suitability for agricultural and drinking purposes were also assessed using physicochemical parameters including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride concentrations. Suitability for domestic purposes was assessed by comparing these values with the WHO standards. Sodium an...
2016
Hydrogeochemical investigations of groundwater in Torbat-Zaveh plain have been carried out to assess the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. In this study, 190 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and major ion concentrations. The abundance of major cations and anions was in the following order: Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, and Cl− > SO2−4 > HCO−3 > CO2−3. As a result, alkaline element (Na+) exceeds alkaline earth elements (Mg2+ and Ca2+), and strong acids (Cl− and SO2−4) dominate weak acids (HCO−3 and CO2−3) in majority of the groundwater samples. Statistical analyses including Spearman correlation coefficients and factor analysis display good correlation between physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS and TH) and Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl− and SO2−4. The results display that rock-weathering interactions and ion-exchange processes play important role in controlling groundwater chemistry. Saturation index values also indicate that water chemistry is significantly affected by carbonate minerals such as calcite, aragonite and dolomite. US Salinity Laboratory(USSL) and Wilcox diagrams together with permeability index values reveal that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purpose. However, in some regions, the water samples do not indicate required irrigational quality.
Data in brief, 2018
In present study 30 groundwater samples were collected from Sarpol-e Zahab area, Kermanshah province of Iran in order to assess the quality of groundwater in subjected area and determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Also the variations in the quality levels of groundwater were compared over the years of 2015 and 2016. Statistical analyses including Spearman correlation coefficients and factor analysis display good correlation between physicochemical parameters (EC, TDS and TH) and Na, Mg, Ca, Cland [Formula: see text] ionic constituents. Also in order to assess water quality for irrigation we used the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) classification which is based on SAR for irrigation suitability assessment. In addition, the residual sodium carbonate (RSC), %Na, PI, KR, SSP, MH, EC characteristics were calculated for all samples and used for assessment of irrigation suitability. Based on these indicators, for every two years, the quality of...
Environmental Resources Research, 2016
Preservation of water quality, particularly in areas with inadequate water resources is considered as one of the principles of planning in integrated water management. In Kuhdasht, a region at the west of Iran, groundwater and spring water resources are the major contributors of drinking and irrigation water supply. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability and mapping of springs and groundwater for irrigation and drinking purposes based on the water quality indices. Values of physical (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids), and hydro chemical characteristics (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3-, Cland SO 4-) of springs and groundwater were identified. To assess the water quality, chemical parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), total hardness, Mg-hazard (MH), sodium percentage (Na%), and salinity hazard were calculated based on the analytical results. ANOVA test was used to compare the treatments of different stations' quality parameters and LSD test was used to assess the statistical differences between the regions, for spatial distribution and mapping, geo-statistical interpolation techniques of Kriging method were applied. A Durov diagram plot showed that the groundwater has been evolved from Ca-HCO 3 recharge water followed by mixing and reverse ion exchange processes due to the respective dominance of Ca-Cl water types. Based on Gibbs's diagram plots, chemical weathering of rock forming minerals is the main factor controlling water chemistry in this area. Based on ordinary Kriging, most parts of the region has good water for the drinking and irrigation.
Groundwater Quality Assessment of Zarghan Plain.Shiraz, Iran
2011
Concentration of major ions and heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) were studied in the groundwater of Zarghan plain in order assess the metal contamination due to industrialization, urbanization and agricultural activity. The groundwater samples were collected from fifteen drinking, agriculture and industry water wells. The analyses show that HCO3 and Na are the dominate anion and cation, respectively. The groundwater pH varies between 7.17 and 8.05. The average abundance order of heavy metal contents in groundwater samples are Cu> Zn> Pb> As> Cd. The quality of the groundwater sample is not far from drinking water standard of WHO. The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to assess the main factors responsible to concentration of dissolved ions. The result of PCA shows strong and positive loading related to Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn and Ec, and strong negative loading related to As. This can be explained by the control of groundwater EC with Cl , Na and Ca contents. Mg,...
Hydrogeochemistry study and groundwater quality assessment in the north of Isfahan, Iran
Environmental geochemistry and health, 2017
This study presents the groundwater quality assessment in the north of Isfahan, Iran. In the study area, assessment and measurement of groundwater hydrochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), total hardness, major cations (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) and major anions (Cl(-), [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) concentrations were performed. Accordingly, the 66 water samples from different locations were collected during April and May 2015. Water samples collected in the field were analyzed in the laboratory for cations and anions using the standard methods. In this research, the analytical results of physiochemical parameters of groundwater were compared with the standard guideline values as recommended by the world health organization (WHO) for drinking and public health purposes. The pH values of groundwater samples varied from 7.05 to 8.95 with a mean of 7.78, indicating a neutral to s...
Hydrochemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in the Ardabil area, Iran
In the study area, groundwater is the main water resource for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial. To evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and suitability for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes, seventy-seven samples were collected and analyzed for various ions. Results show that, groundwater in the study area is mainly hard to very hard, and slightly alkaline-fresh to brackish in nature. According to the hydrochemistry diagrams, the main groundwater types are Ca, Mg-HCO 3 , Na-HCO 3 and Na-Cl. Calculation of mineral saturation index indicate that the groundwater samples are saturated with respect to carbonate minerals and under-saturated with respect to sulfate minerals such as gypsum and anhydride. The mineral weathering, mixing, ion exchange and anthropogenic activity are the dominant hydrogeochemical natural processes. Results of investigating the quality of heavy metals and calculating the heavy metal index indicated that the groundwater of study area is not contaminated with heavy metals. In this research, the various indices were used to determine the quality of groundwater for various uses. Calculate the indices and comparison results with the WHO standards to determine the quality of groundwater for various uses indicated that the most of the groundwater in study area is chemically suitable for drinking, industrial and agricultural uses.
Assessment of groundwater quality and hydrochemical characteristics in Farashband plain, Iran
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2016
Groundwater in Farashband plain, Southern Iran, is the main source of water for domestic and agricultural uses. This study was carried out to assess the overall water quality and identify major variables affecting the groundwater quality in Farashband plain. The hydrochemical study was undertaken by randomly collecting 84 groundwater samples from observation wells located in 13 different stations covering the entire plain in order to assess the quality of the groundwater through analysis of major ions. The water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical attributes. Groundwater is slightly alkaline and largely varies in chemical composition; e.g., electrical conductivity (EC) ranges from 2314 to 12,678 μS/cm. All the samples have total dissolved solid values above the desirable limit and belong to a very hard type. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na + > Ca 2+ > Ma 2+ > K + and Cl − > SO 4 2-> HCO 3 −. Interpretation of analytical data shows three major hydrochemical facies (Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl) in the study area. Salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and sodium percentage (Na%) indicate that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standard. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking purposes. Based on the US salinity diagram, most of samples belong to high salinity and low to very high sodium type.