Superconductor Research (original) (raw)
Related papers
2006
Superconductivity is one of nature's most exotic phenomenon; the complete loss of electrical resistance in certain materials when they are cooled to a low temperature. The loss-free circulation of superconducting currents also underlies key technological applications. For instance, intense magnetic fields are generated by coils of superconducting wires for medical magnetic resonance imaging. Only when cooled close to absolute zero of temperature (−273°C) do such metals and alloys become superconducting. A revolution took place 20 years ago when entirely new families of superconductors based on ceramic oxides were discovered. These work at much higher temperatures. The current high-temperature superconductor HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8 is the record holder. It operates at temperatures as high as 164 K (−109°C). The crystal structure (on the front cover) of this complex oxide allows the electrical current to travel easily along certain crystal planes, which leads to superconductivity at these remarkably high temperatures.
Applied Superconductivity in Current and Emerging Technologies
2020
An ever-present phenomenon in usual electrical wires is that they exhibit a resistance to the flow of electric current, producing heat, which means that part of the energy is lost in the process. This is why a computer processor, data centers and big transformers in power stations get hot; and why cooling systems have to be used along. Most materials, copper included, follow this behavior, however there are materials that, under certain conditions, won't exhibit any resistance to the flow of electric current, the so-called superconductors (SC).
High-temperature superconductivity
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1998
The current status of basic research on the high temperature cuprate superconductors and prospects for technological applications of these materials is discussed. Recent developments concerning other novel superconductors are also briefly described.
Proceedings of the Workshop on High Temperature Superconductivity
1989
: For a long time it has been recognized that superconductivity offers a whole new realm of device performance in such applications as microwave components, radiating elements, detectors, and high speed electronics. However, the cost and complexity of liquid helium cooling systems represented an unyielding impediment to the development of practical systems. High temperature superconductivity, having less stringent cryogenic requirements, provides the impetus to the development of truly practical systems. The topics to be covered during the workshop include basic high temperature superconductivity research, theory, and experimentation; the electrical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical properties of materials; the fabrication and characterization of thin films; small scale applications such as computer electronics, SQUIDS, and IR detectors; large scale applications such as energy storage, magnets, magnetic shields and switches; and superconducting/semiconducting hybrid device...
High Temperature Superconductors
2021
One of the pioneers who introduced superconductivity of metal solids was Kamerlingh Onnes (1911). Researchers always struggled to make observations towards superconductivity at high temperatures for achieving goals of evaluating normal room temperature superconductors. The physical properties are based entirely on the behavior of conventional and metal superconductors as a result of high-temperature superconductors. Various synthetic approaches are employed to fabricate high-temperature superconductors, but solid-state thermochemical process which involves mixing, calcinating, and sintering is the easiest approach. Emerging novel high-temperature superconductors mainly engaged with technological applications such as power transmission, Bio-magnetism, and Tokamaks high magnetic field. Finally, in this chapter, we will discuss a brief outlook, future prospects, and finished with possible science fiction and some opportunities with high-temperature superconductors.
SEARCH FOR HIGHER CRITICAL TEMPERATURE (TC) IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
Superconductivity occurs in several materials like elements, alloys, ceramics, organic, heavy fermions, borocarbides, heavily doped semiconductors, iron and hydrogen based materials. Niobium has the highest transition temperature (T c) ≈ 9.3K, among metals. Until 1986, the highest T c was 23.2 K achieved in Nb 3 Ge. The highest T c (135K) was found in cuprate superconductor of HgBaCaCuO system. For Hg 1223 T c onset was found to be 157K at 23.5 Gpa and an onset of 164K at 35 Gpa. The highest-T c in iron based superconductors is 56 K. The superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride offers the possibility of a new class of superconducting materials. CeCoIn 5 exhibits the highest critical temperature (T c = 2.3 K) of the heavy fermion superconductors. The highest critical temperature obtained for an organic superconductor is 117 K which was found for hole doped C 60 intercalated with CHBr 3. Recently hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) under extremely high pressure (≈150 gigapascals) was found to undergo superconducting transition near 203 K (-70 °C), the highest temperature superconductor known to date. In this paper the overview of materials that exhibit superconductivity with their critical temperature (T c) are presented.
The Dependence of Resistivity on Temperature for Thin Superconductors
2010
Measurements made on superconducting very thin layers are analysed by modelization using 2D FEM. The electric field distribution is established and can be seen the differences of this distribution during the superconductive transition. The calculation of the temperature variation of the resistivity is made based on measured temperature variation of the resistance, taking into account also the electro kinetic field distribution.
REVIEW: Recent progress in Superconductor Theory, Materials and Devices
Superconductivity is a phenomenon in the solid state physics that occurs under a certain critical temperature (often referred to as Tc) in some materials. A superconducting material is characterized by its infinitely high electrical conductivity and the absence of any magnetic field in the interior. From many areas of research, this so-called superconductivity has become indispensable. This paper takes a simple approach to explain the theory behind Superconductivity and its applications.