Development of a Lithium Air Rechargeable Battery (original) (raw)
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Aqueous Lithium/Air Rechargeable Batteries
Chemistry Letters, 2011
This article summarizes our research on aqueous lithium-air rechargeable batteries. Lithium-air batteries have a far higher energy density and lower material cost than lithium-ion batteries, so that they are now attracting growing attention as possible power sources for electric vehicles. Presently, two types of rechargeable lithium-air batteries have been developed; non-aqueous and aqueous types. The aqueous type has a lower specific energy density than the non-aqueous system, but overcomes some severe problems that must still be addressed for the non-aqueous type, such as lithium metal corrosion by water from air and the high polarization of electrode reactions. The key component of the aqueous lithium-air battery is a water-stable lithium metal electrode (WSLE). The WSLE developed in our laboratory consists of lithium metal covered with a lithium conducting polymer electrolyte and a lithium conducting water-stable solid electrolyte, which was successfully operated in a saturated LiOH and LiCl aqueous solution.
Rechargeable Non-Aqueous Li-Air Battery
Lithium-air batteries have received extraordinary research attention recently as promising electrochemical energy and conversion devices due to their extremely high energy density, low cost and environmentally friendly operation. The researchers were able to make a revolutionary technology in the field of portable storage system that could make as next-generation batteries in recent years. Basically, metal-air batteries are divided into two types according to the electrolyte used: one is cell system using an aqueous electrolyte and the other is a water sensitive system using organic electrolyte such as non-aqueous system it has been proven that the reduction products can be reversed into the original reagents and is advantages for the rechargeability. The theoretical energy density of a non-aqueous Li-air battery system is higher than that of an aqueous Li-air battery system because of the water or acid being involved in the reactive in the aqueous system. This special and fascinating energy storage system attracts a lot of technological and scientific interest. This review talks about the various topics like the Concept of Li-Air battery, Non-aqueous electrolyte used in Li-Air battery, Air cathode for non-aqueous system, environmental problems due to recycling of Lithium battery and we have updated the application of Li-air battery. Insight from this research provide us promising path for future development and revolutionary battery technology.
Aqueous and nonaqueous lithium-air batteries enabled by water-stable lithium metal electrodes
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2014
The extremely high theoretical energy density of the lithium-oxygen couple makes it very attractive for nextgeneration battery development. However, there are a number of challenging technical hurdles that must be addressed for Li-Air batteries to become a commercial reality. In this article, we demonstrate how the invention of water-stable, solid electrolyte-protected lithium electrodes solves many of these issues and paves the way for the development of aqueous and nonaqueous Li-Air batteries with unprecedented energy densities. We also show data for fully packaged Li-Air cells that achieve more than 800 Wh/kg.
A Critical Review of Li/Air Batteries
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2012
Lithium/air batteries, based on their high theoretical specific energy, are an extremely attractive technology for electrical energy storage that could make long-range electric vehicles widely affordable. However, the impact of this technology has so far fallen short of its potential due to several daunting challenges. In nonaqueous Li/air cells, reversible chemistry with a high current efficiency over several cycles has not yet been established, and the deposition of an electrically resistive discharge product appears to limit the capacity. Aqueous cells require water-stable lithium-protection membranes that tend to be thick, heavy, and highly resistive. Both types of cell suffer from poor oxygen redox kinetics at the positive electrode and deleterious volume and morphology changes at the negative electrode. Closed Li/air systems that include oxygen storage are much larger and heavier than open systems, but so far oxygen-and OH −-selective membranes are not effective in preventing contamination of cells. In this review we discuss the most critical challenges to developing robust, high-energy Li/air batteries and suggest future research directions to understand and overcome these challenges. We predict that Li/air batteries will primarily remain a research topic for the next several years. However, if the fundamental challenges can be met, the Li/air battery has the potential to significantly surpass the energy storage capability of today's Li-ion batteries.
Review on Li–air batteries—Opportunities, limitations and perspective
Journal of Power Sources, 2011
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Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2009
A water-stable multilayer Li-metal electrode consisting of a lithium metal, a PEO 18 LiN͑SO 2 CF 3 ͒ 2-BaTiO 3 composite polymer, and a lithium-conducting glass ceramic Li 1.35 Ti 1.75 Al 0.25 P 0.9 Si 0.1 O 12 ͑LTAP͒ was proposed as the lithium anode for aqueous lithium-air secondary batteries. The addition of finely dispersed nanosize BaTiO 3 in the polymer electrolyte greatly reduced the interfacial resistance between the Li anode and the polymer electrolyte. A Li/PEO 18 LiN͑SO 2 CF 3 ͒ 2-10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP electrode showed a total resistance of 175 ⍀ cm 2 in a 1 M aqueous LiCl solution at 60°C, with no change in the electrode resistance over a month. The Li/PEO 18 LiN͑SO 2 CF 3 ͒ 2-10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP/aqueous 1 M LiCl/Pt air cell had a stable opencircuit voltage of 3.80 V, which was equivalent to that calculated from the cell reaction of 2Li + 1/2O 2 + H 2 O = 2LiOH. The cell exhibited a stable and reversible discharge/charge performance of 0.5 mA cm −2 at 60°C, suggesting excellent reversibility of the lithium oxidation reduction reaction for the Li/PEO 18 LiN͑SO 2 CF 3 ͒ 2-10 wt % BaTiO 3 /LTAP electrode.
Recent advances in the development of Li-air batteries
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
A critical review on lithium–air battery electrolytes
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014
Metal-air batteries, utilizing the reduction of ambient oxygen, have the highest energy density because most of the cell volume is occupied by the anode while the cathode active material is not stored in the battery. Lithium metal is a tempting anode material for any battery because of its outstanding specific capacity (3842 mA h g À1 for Li vs. 815 mA h g À1 for Zn). Combining the high energy density of Li with ambient oxygen seems to be a promising option. Specifically, in all classes of electrolytes, the transformation from Li-O 2 to Li-air is still a major challenge as the presence of moisture and CO 2 reduces significantly the cell performance due to their strong reaction with Li metal. Thus, the quest for electrolyte systems capable of providing a solution to the imposed challenges due to the use of metallic Li, exposure to the environment and handling the formation of reactive discharged product is still on. This extended Review provides an expanded insight into electrolytes being suggested and researched and also a future vision on challenges and their possible solutions.
Rechargeable lithium batteries: key scientific and technological challenges
Rechargeable lithium batteries : from fundamentals to applications / edited by Alejandro A. Franco
At present, lithium-based batteries (LBs) are by far the most important storage systems available on the market. At the same time, however, they are still under massive development, chiefly because their use has been gradually extended from portable electronics (PEs; laptops, smartphones, camcorders, etc.), to more demanding sectors such as automotive and smart grids. It is important to state immediately that "lithium storage" is a very complex world including several chemistries characterized by largely uneven Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), which, in turn, may also vary depending on the emitting agency. Just as an example, .1 reports the TRL scale recently adopted by EU Program Horizon 2020. Even in the frame of a given chemistry, moreover, TRLs will change depending on the application and related specs. In this chapter, we will treat three main chemistries (or chemistry families): lithium-ion, lithium-air (lithium-oxygen), and lithium-sulfur.