HIGH PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES ESCHERICHIA COLI AND VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATES FROM CHICKEN PRODUCTS. A PROBLEM OF PUBLIC HEALTH (original) (raw)
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Annals of Microbiology, 2017
The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant (AR) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Indian poultry. LAB from poultry farm feces (n = 21) and samples from slaughter houses comprising chicken intestine (n = 46), raw meat (n = 23), and sanitary water (n = 4) were evaluated and compared with those from organic chicken (OC) collected from nearby villages. Screening studies showed 5-7 log units higher erythromycin (ER), tetracycline (TC) and vancomycin (VAN) resistant LAB from conventional poultry chicken (CC) compared to OC. Molecular characterization of isolated cultures (n = 32) with repetitive-PCR profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed their taxonomical status as Enterococcus faecium (n = 16), Enterococcus durans (n = 2), Lactobacillus plantarum (n = 10), Lactobacillus pentosus (n = 1) and Lactobacillus salivarius (n = 3). The isolates were found to harbor erm(B), msr(C), msr(A/B), tet(M), tet(L) and tet(K) genes associated with Tn916 and Tn917 family transposons. Expression studies through real-time PCR revealed antibioticinduced expression of the identified AR genes. In vitro and in vivo conjugational studies revealed transfer of ER and TC resistant (ER R and TC R) genes with transfer frequencies of 10 −7 and 10 −4 transconjugants recipient −1 , respectively. Although no known VAN resistance (VAN R) genes were detected, high phenotypic resistance was observed and was transferable to the recipient. From a public health point of view, this study reports Indian poultry as a major source of high levels of AR bacteria contaminating the food chain and the environment. Thus, urgent and determined strategies are needed to control the spread of multiple AR bacteria.
Applied and …, 2004
The potential impact of food animals in the production environment on the bacterial population as a result of antimicrobial drug use for growth enhancement continues to be a cause for concern. Enterococci from 82 farms within a poultry production region on the eastern seaboard were isolated to establish a baseline of susceptibility profiles for a number of antimicrobials used in production as well as clinical environments. Of the 541 isolates recovered, Enterococcus faecalis (53%) and E. faecium (31%) were the predominant species, while multiresistant antimicrobial phenotypes were observed among all species. The prevalence of resistance among isolates of E. faecalis was comparatively higher among lincosamide, macrolide, and tetracycline antimicrobials, while isolates of E. faecium were observed to be more frequently resistant to fluoroquinolones and penicillins. Notably, 63% of the E. faecium isolates were resistant to the streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin, while high-level gentamicin resistance was observed only among the E. faecalis population, of which 7% of the isolates were resistant. The primary observations are that enterococci can be frequently isolated from the poultry production environment and can be multiresistant to antimicrobials used in human medicine. The high frequency with which resistant enterococci are isolated from this environment suggests that these organisms might be useful as sentinels to monitor the development of resistance resulting from the usage of antimicrobial agents in animal production.
Staphylococcus aureus species though opportunist pathogens, are becoming a global species though opportunist pathogens, are becoming a global clinical problem in both human and veterinary medicine. This study was designed to determine the antibiotic clinical problem in both human and veterinary medicine. This study was designed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of β-lactamase-producing susceptibility patterns of β-lactamase-producing E. coli E. coli serotypes and serotypes and S. aureus strains S. aureus strains isolated from chickens isolated from chickens in the Maiduguri Arid zone, Nigeria. Various tissue samples from apparently healthy and diseased chickens were in the Maiduguri Arid zone, Nigeria. Various tissue samples from apparently healthy and diseased chickens were collected and examined for the presence of collected and examined for the presence of E. coli E. coli and and S. aureus. S. aureus. Isolates were identifi ed by relevant biochemical Isolates were identifi ed by relevant biochemical tests. β-lactamase-producing strains of the isolates were determined by the chromogenic cephalosporin method, tests. β-lactamase-producing strains of the isolates were determined by the chromogenic cephalosporin method, using nitrocefi n-impregnated sticks and cephalosporin (nitrocefi n) solution. The antibiotics susceptibility using nitrocefi n-impregnated sticks and cephalosporin (nitrocefi n) solution. The antibiotics susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined for ten antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, patterns of the isolates were determined for ten antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, ciprofl oxacin, lincomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tylosin, tylosin tartrate and penicillin) by the micro-broth ciprofl oxacin, lincomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tylosin, tylosin tartrate and penicillin) by the micro-broth dilution method. dilution method. E. coli E. coli was isolated in 805 and was isolated in 805 and S. aureus S. aureus in 660 of 1300 tissue samples examined; from in 660 of 1300 tissue samples examined; from which 89 (11.1%) and 58 (8.8%) were β-lactamase-positive isolates respectively. Out of 540 which 89 (11.1%) and 58 (8.8%) were β-lactamase-positive isolates respectively. Out of 540 E. coli E. coli isolates isolates serotyped, 57 (10.6%) serogroups were identifi ed from which 17 (29.8%) were serogroups O1, 5 (8.8%) were serotyped, 57 (10.6%) serogroups were identifi ed from which 17 (29.8%) were serogroups O1, 5 (8.8%) were O2, and 2 (3.5%), 9 (15.8%), 6 (10.5%) and 18 (31.6%) were serogroups O26, O78, O86 and O141 respectively, O2, and 2 (3.5%), 9 (15.8%), 6 (10.5%) and 18 (31.6%) were serogroups O26, O78, O86 and O141 respectively, whilst, 483 (89.4%) isolates were not typable with the available sera. Serogroups O141, O1 and O78 were more whilst, 483 (89.4%) isolates were not typable with the available sera. Serogroups O141, O1 and O78 were more frequently isolated and serogroups O1 and O78 were more prevalent in sick chickens than in healthy chickens. frequently isolated and serogroups O1 and O78 were more prevalent in sick chickens than in healthy chickens. E. coli E. coli exhibited high resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, lincomycin, penicillin and tylosin exhibited high resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, lincomycin, penicillin and tylosin with MIC values >8.0 μg/μL, as did with MIC values >8.0 μg/μL, as did S. aureus S. aureus to all the antibiotics tested with MIC values >8.0 μg/μL. In to all the antibiotics tested with MIC values >8.0 μg/μL. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated the presence of conclusion, the study has demonstrated the presence of E. coli E. coli serotypes and serotypes and S. aureus S. aureus in various tissues of in various tissues of chickens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, clearly demonstrating multiple drug resistance. chickens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, clearly demonstrating multiple drug resistance.
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2007
This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. ESBL screening disc kit was used to detect ESBL activities. Detection of ESBL and PMQR genes was carried out by means of polymerase chain reaction. In total, 207 LNF Enterobacteriaeae isolates were recovered from the cloacal swabs of poultry birds within the Calabar Metropolis. ESBL-producing isolates were 162 (78.3%) while fluroquinolone resistant isolates were 194 (93.7%). Among the ESBL-producing isolates, resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid was 55 (34.2%), 26 (16.1%), 35 (21.7%), 50 (31.1%), and 162 (100%), respectively. About 65% of the quinolone resistant isolates were positive for at least one of the PMQR and ESBL genes in this study. Strict antimicrobial screening, surveillance of resistant isolates as well as the judicious practice of antimicrobial administration in the poultry setting with special emphasis on fluoroquinolones is advised given the high prevalence of co-existent ESBL and PMQR genes.
Journal of Food Science and Engineering, 2018
Antibiotics used for agricultural purpose has contributed to the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaled poultry farms and retail chicken. The cultured E. coli isolates were subjected to phenotypic tests, susceptibility tests, and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of bla CTX-M , bla SHV , and bla TEM genes. From 120 samples each of chicken feces, retail chicken, soil and chicken feed, ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were detected in 75.9%, 63.6%, 39.2%, and 13.3% of the samples, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) values indicated that ESBL-producing E. coli were resistance to ampicillin (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL), gentamicin (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL), cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL) and ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL), respectively. The total resistance for imipenem was also observed at 1.0% (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL) and none of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). ESBL-producing E. coli from chicken feces and retail chicken carried bla SHV gene at a rate of 6.8% and 5.7%, respectively and bla CTX-M gene was also revealed at 2.9% in retail chicken. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from soil harbored bla SHV and bla CTX-M genes at 5%. None of the feed samples yielded ESBLs genes. Twenty three resistance patterns were observed for multi-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli. This study highlights the prevalence of multi-antimicrobial resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in small-scaledpoultry farms and retail chicken, hence the need to review poultry management practices to minimize the occurrence.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Spp. Spread in Poultry Products in Lithuania
Journal of Food Safety, 2010
The objective of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci spread in raw products of poultry origin intended for human consumption in Lithuania. Samples were obtained from retail markets all over the country. Fifty-eight samples (83%) from a total of 70 tested were positive for Enterococcus spp.