Development of a Motorcycle FE Model for Simulating Impacts into Roadside Safety Barriers (original) (raw)
Related papers
FE simulations of motorcycle—car frontal crashes, validations and observations
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2005
ISO 13232 1) (1996) requires 7 configurations for full scale tests (FSTs) between the motorcycle (MC) and the car (also called the opposing vehicle, OV). Of these, 3 involve the impact of the MC with the front of the OV. In this paper we discuss Finite Element (FE) based simulations of these impact configurations. We do not evaluate the efficacy of any safety devices but refer to parts of ISO 13232 for developing these simulations. This paper analyses FE based simulations of the above-mentioned impacts. The simulations have been developed using the PAM-CRASH TM solver. In this paper an attempt has been made to compare the kinematics of the simulations with those obtained from the FSTs. The simulations indicate that the MC-OV impacts are sensitive to many phenomena. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the important aspects of MC-OV simulations.
Assessing Motorcyclist Protection Systems Using Finite Element Simulations
International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 2015
The impact of motorcyclists against the posts of the roadside barriers is one of the most frequently and harmful accidents. In order to avoid or minimize impact effects, different safety systems are being installed in many roads in the world. These safety systems should conform technical standards. European Technical Specification 1317-8 defines how it should be the testing procedure and placement of systems to prevent such accidents. The full-scale crash test with a dummy requires certain values not exceeded in neck forces, moments and Head Injury Criterion (HIC). This paper applies computer simulations (using Finite Element Method) in order to develop a virtual testing program to assess the safety system and evaluate the weaknesses of the mentioned standard.
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2017
Because of their lack of protection, motorcyclists are at a higher risk of injury during a crash compared to car occupants and contribute significantly to the road trauma around the world. Roadside barriers are constructed to protect riders from crashes with off-road objects. Among the different types of roadside barriers, the most common is W-beam barriers, which are designed in consideration of the safety of car occupants. Wire rope barriers may be installed as an alternative and have been found to be safe for cars. However, no in-depth investigation of injuries sustained by motorcyclists crashing into these barriers has been reported. The present study aims to investigate and compare potential injuries to a motorcyclist's head and lower extremities during collisions with W-beam and wire rope barriers. To capture the effect of structural stiffness, detailed finite-element (FE) models of the rider (dummy), the motorcycle, and the barriers were used in simulations carried out in LS-Dyna®, an explicit FE solver. The wire rope barrier was found to be capable of restraining the rider on the road in all cases. Although injuries to lower extremities increased in some cases, potentially fatal injuries to the rider's head were reduced by the wire rope barrier.
Motorcycle and Safety Barrier Crash-Testing: Feasibility Study
2000
Roadside barriers are designed to enhance the safety of the road infrastructure by containing errant vehicles and reducing the severity of off-path collisions. While conventional barrier systems have performed well for the occupants of passenger cars, their effects on the safety of other road user groups, especially motorcyclists, is not well understood. The main purpose of this feasibility study
Motorcycle Structural Response in Simulated Vehicular Collision
This preliminary study explores a full scale vehicular crash test in which a motorcycle impacted a car in a right angle collision in an outdoor ground. The test utilized a customized fixture attached to an SUV as a propulsion system. Relevant data and high speed images were recorded for the analysis of motion, wheelbase shortening and deformation and damage assessment. The simulated test has certain kinematic similarity with other studies, especially prior to 100 ms timeframe. Beyond that, the motorcycle kinematics was less aggressive possibly due to lower impact speed and stability issue prior to impact. It was also showed that wheelbase shortening may likely reach the maximum for certain speed range for the class of motorcycle being tested. Lastly, assessment of motorcycle damage indicated that deformation occurred mainly from the steering stem base forward. All motorcycles did not exhibit any main-frame distortion.
Rider's Head Injury Risks in Relation to Dynamics of Motorcycle in Frontal Crashes
Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia, 2021
Motorcycle frontal crashes usually cause serious and fatal head injuries to riders. This paper presents a two-level factorial experiment through finite element simulations of motorcycle-rigid wall impact scenario to investigate the effects of motorcycle layout design variations on rider's relative head injury risks, and also of the deformation mechanisms of motorcycle frontal structures on dynamics of the motorcycle. The motorcycle layout design variations were represented by the changes of three design factors, namely location of the engine block, location of air filter casing and its orientation. Head Injury Criteria (HIC15) based on a time interval of 15 ms were selected as the response variable to evaluate the effects of the corresponding changes. The analysis showed that HIC15 values were significantly influenced by the changes of these factors, with the differences ranging from-21% to +11% for seven different designs of motorcycle layout as compared to the original one. Such influences on HIC15 values were mainly due to the changes in motorcycle dynamics caused by different deformation mechanisms of the wheel, which was attributed to interactions between the frontal structures and the engine block and also air filter casing. It was also found that HIC15 values were significantly influenced by the vertical component of motorcycle accelerations, but not by the horizontal component. A regression model for predicting the HIC15 value was established and the effect plots of the factors were also produced from the factorial analysis and it was found that there were interactions between the effect of the design factors. The outcomes of the present study provide an insight into how the structural response of the frontal structures of motorcycles could be taken into consideration as part of design elements in reducing rider's head injury risks in frontal crashes.
Motorcycle-Car Side Impact Simulation
2000
ISO13232) specifies four configurations of motorcycle-car side impact tests. In this study a Kawasaki GPZ motorcycle and Toyota Corolla were used to conduct crash tests according to ISO specifications at the Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI). Finite element models of the motorcycle and car were developed in PAM/CRASH™ based on CMM measurement and component test data. In this paper we
Roadside Barrier and Passive Safety of Motorcyclists along exclusive motorcycle lanes
2007
The tremendous increase in number of motorcycles and fatalities in some ASEAN countries is becoming a main concern for the safety of motorcyclists along exclusive motorcycle lanes. The existing w-beam guardrail system along exclusive motorcycle lanes was originally designed to reduce severity of a crash when cars and trucks involve in runoff road accident-but not specifically to protect motorcyclists during such accident. However, the consequences of this guardrail design on the passive safety of motorcyclist have been given little consideration. Thus, Probability of the motorcyclists getting injured on collision with guardrail is higher compared to other motor vehicle's driver. In order to investigate the passive safety of motorcyclists while in collision with this guardrail, this study carried out computer simulation of typical crash scenario and conducted a physical crash test to validate the simulation model. The study examines the crash mechanism as related to injury severity when motorcyclist interacts with W-beam guardrail. A three-dimensional computer simulation of a scaled Hybrid III 50 th percentile Male dummy mounted on a motorcycle and colliding with W-beam guardrail was carried out. Multi-body model of motorcycle and finite element model of guardrail were developed with commercially available software called MADYMO. The simulation model is validated with a simple crash test conducted with same initial impact configuration. The subsequent simulations were set up for impacting the existing w-beam guardrail with 110 kg motorcycle using eighteen impact conditions that consist of impact angles 15 o , 30 o and 45 o , impact speeds of 32, 48 and 60km/h as well as post spacing of 2m and 4m. The predicted rider's injury risk criteria were used to assess safety of guardrail response to motorcyclists. The obtained results confirmed that the existing w-beam guardrail is not safe to motorcyclist, especially for the head injury at impact speed 48km/h and impact angle of 45 degree.
Development of Computational Model of Motorcycle and Rider during Collision
Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing in Transportation, 2021
The goal of this project is to develop the computational model of motorcycle and rider for deformable body. Also, to identify the response of rider and motorcycle on collision. Computational model is the one method that can replace the actual experiment on crash test. From the simulation can save cost by actual impact crash test. This project begins with design the model of actual motorcycle. Because the model of the project using Honda Wave 100R is to complex and the computer not powerful enough to generate mesh the simplified model is use for the project. Then, the material of this project using ANSI 304 stainless steel. The simulation of the experiment run by the ANSYS software to calculate mathematical model result after impact. Finally, the result of deformation was recorded to compare the result of deformation on actual crash test. The Comparison result of deformation actual and simulation are quietly similar
SAE Technical Paper Series
E leven instrumented crash tests were performed as part of the 2016 World Reconstruction Exposition (WREX2016), using seven Harley-Davidson motorcycles and three automobiles. For all tests, the automobile was stationary while the motorcycle was delivered into the vehicle, while upright with tires rolling, at varying speeds. Seven tests were performed at speeds between 30 and 46 mph while four low-speed tests were performed to establish the onset of permanent motorcycle deformation. Data from these tests, and other published testing, was analyzed using available models to determine their accuracy when predicting the impact speed of Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The most accurate model was the Modified Eubanks set of equations introduced in 2009, producing errors with an average of 0.4 mph and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.8 mph. An updated set of Eubanks-style equations were developed adding data published since 2009, and advancing from two equations (pillars/axles and doors/fenders) to four equations (axles, pillars/bumpers, doors, and fenders). When applied to the subject tests, the newly developed set of equations produced an average error of 3.5 mph (SD = 4.3 mph). With respect to all available data (N = 99), the equations produced an average error of 0.1 mph and a standard deviation of 5.8 mph. The errors were also analyzed for each of the four equations developed here, and confidence intervals offered. This research, which represents the first detailed analysis of Harley-Davidson motorcycles' collision response, indicates they behave in a manner similar to previously tested motorcycles. Further, the equations developed and presented here give accident investigators a refined method for estimating the impact speed of an upright motorcycle, Harley-Davidson or otherwise, having struck an automobile with its front tire.