Histopathological Study on Mice Experimentally Infected with S. Mansoni and Treated by Neem and Mirazid (original) (raw)
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Schistosma infection is an endemic disease in many developing countries including Egypt. Despite the effort to control and treat the infection with praziquantel, the development of resistance is a major health problem. Myrrh extract (Mirazid ®) has been used as an alternative with conflicting results. In this study the effects of Mirazid ® fractions on schistosomules of S. mansoni have been tested. Using column chromatography we have fractionated the molecule to 10 fractions. Two of these fractions were more potent and cause damage to the schistosomules detected by toluidine blue dyes and confirmed by electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, identification and purification of the active molecules in these fractions may potentiate the antischistosomal effects of Mirazid ® .
Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2008
The chemotherapeutic effect of niridazole on Schistosoma mansoni in mice was evaluated at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks post cercarial exposure. The schistosomicidal effect of niridazole increased with increasing doses of the drug at 2 weeks and also at 8 weeks post cercarial exposure (p<0.05). Worm fecundity was more affected when the drug was given to the 2 weeks old worms than the 4 weeks and the 8 week-old worms although, oogram patterns of the 8 week-old worms revealed that the eggs in the tissues were killed in that about 89.41 % dead eggs were found and there was absence of 2nd and 3rd stage eggs in the intestinal segments. A dose of 5.0mg/ml given orally daily for 5 days can effectively control S. mansoni infection in the 2 weeks and 8 weeks old. infections.
THIS WORK investigates the safety of Mirazid in normal mice and its efficacy against the different developmental stages of S. mansoni worms. Safety of Mirazid was tested by short chronic oral administration of Mirazid (5 % LD 50 five days/week) for one month. Animal body weights were recorded before drug administration and weekly throughout the observation periods. Animals were sacrificed one month post the start of Mirazid administration, vital organs were weighed, histopathological changes were examined, liver and kidney function tests were evaluated. After Mirazid administration, liver and kidney function levels were comparable to values in normal mice, yet there has been significant reduction in animal body weights by the end of treatment. Moreover, histopathological examinations of vital organs showed mild intestinal mucosal erosions and/or superficial ulcerations. The effect of Mirazid against the different developmental stages of S. mansoni worms was studied in 7 groups of infected mice (80 cercariae/mouse) treated 2 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 weeks post infection with a dose of 300 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days after an overnight fasting. All animals were sacrificed 9 weeks post infection. Data showed that Mirazid did not significantly reduce the total number of worms in any of the treated groups when compared to infected untreated group. The percentage of worm reductions were very modest (6-22 %). Tissue egg loads and percentage of S. mansoni egg developmental stages were comparable to that in infected untreated mice. In conclusion; Mirazid is relatively safe, yet ineffective against the different developmental stages of S. mansoni.
Rate of action of schistosomicides in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 1989
M ice infected with adult Schistosoma mansoni were dosed with a single oral dose o f 125 or 250 m g/kg oltipraz, 50 or 100 m g/kg oxamniquine, or 2 0 0 or 400 m g/kg praziquantel. The m ortality rate o f worms an d oogram changes were determined between 1 and 16 weeks after dosing. The time required between dosing and postm ortem to obtain maximum effectiveness was 1 week fo r praziquantel, 2 weeks fo r oxamniqui ne and 8 weeks f o r oltipraz. Changes in oograms persisted throughout m ost o f the experiment, although relapse has been observed a t the 4th week on.
Parasitology Research, 2013
Conflicting reports are found in the literature about the antischistosomal efficacy of Mirazid (MZ), which is a special formulation of myrrh obtained from the stem of the plant Commiphora molmol. This initiated the present study to assess this drug for the first time in experimental schistosomiasis japonicum. Mice were divided into four groups: infected untreated control (I); infected treated with MZ, 500 mg/kg (II); infected treated with MZ, 250 mg/kg (III); and infected treated with praziquantel (PZQ), 200 mg/ kg (IV). The drugs were given 7 weeks post-infection for five successive days. All animals were killed 3 weeks posttreatment. Results showed no signs of antibilharzial activity of MZ. Total worms, total tissue egg load, egg developmental stages, and granuloma area were not affected by any of the MZ treatment regimens as compared to the infected untreated group (P>0.05 for all variables). These results were in contrast to those obtained in PZQ-treated animals in which 82.82 % total worm reduction, 94.62 % egg reduction, and 86.35 % granuloma area reduction were ob-served. Also, it significantly increased the percentage of dead ova and decreased the percentage of mature ova with complete absence of immature ones in comparison with the control group (P<0.01 for all variables). In conclusion, the results of the current study raise serious doubts about the antischistosomal activity of MZ.
Mohammad Aziza, Amer Ragheb Adel Azizb,* a Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute ,Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Safepharma Research Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt. b Department of Parasitology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Souhag University, Souhag; Egypt, 82524., 2017
Schistosoma mansoni worms inhabit the portal triad affecting blood elements. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare ameliorative effects of Commiphora molmol extract (Mirazid, MZD) and praziquantel (PZQ) on some biochemical parameters in S. mansoni-infected mice. Accordingly, Swiss albino mice (n=72) were used and were divided into 4 equal groups; 18 mice each. Group (1) was uninfected non-treated control. Mice in infected groups administered 100 S. mansoni cercariae/mouse. Group (2) contained infected non-treated mice. Group (3) was infected and treated with MZD at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 5 successive days. Group (4) was infected and treated with PZQ in a dose of 500 mg/kg for 2 successive days. Treatment started 7 weeks post infection (WPT) by the oral route. Blood samples were collected at the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks post treatment for liver functions (ALT, AST and ALP), kidney functions tests (blood urea and serum creatinine) and cholinergic function (serum cholinesterase level). PZQ ameliorated activities of serum enzymes; alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase more than MZD compared to infected untreated group. PZQ significantly decreased ALT at 1, 2 and 4 WPT as well as AST and ALP activity at 2 and 4 WPT whereas, MZD resulted in significant reduction in ALT activity at the 1st, 2nd and 4th WPT. AST and ALP activities appeared at the 2nd and 4th WPT. PZQ caused progressive significant reduction in elevated levels of urea and creatinine at the 1st, 2nd and 4th WPT, respectively that produced by MZD. PZQ and MZD induced a significant elevation in the level of AChE. Such effect was early detected MZD, and it was showed at the 2nd and 4th WPT for PZQ. It was concluded that PZQ and MZD were safe drugs with no adverse biochemical effects on S. mansoni-infected treated mice with potential action done by PZQ rather than MZD.
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for most pathology. The organs affected are liver and spleen. There has been very little progress on schistosomiasis chemotherapy in Kenya due to the high costs and unavailability of known drugs to the local masses. There has been a resurgence of interest in the study of antischistosomal medicinal plants of local origin. Plants seem to be a cheaper source for drug development. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a herbal drug, Schitozim over Praziquantel in the management of S. mansoni infection in BALB/c mice and to provide defined information of the parasitological and immunological responses towards this herbal drug. BALB/c mouse strains, was used. The experimental groups included; normal/naive control; infected and not treated control group; infected groups administered with three different doses (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg) of Schitozim and infected group administer...
Influence of parasite strain on chemotherapy of murine infections with Schistosoma mansoni
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1971
The effectiveness of chemotherapy in human schistosomiasis varies from one area to another, and limited data from experimentally infected animals suggest inherent differences in the susceptibility of certain parasites to drugs. In the present study, groups of mice infected with each of several geographic strains of Schistosoma mansoni were treated with one of four selected drugs and parasiticidal effects were compared.Responses to treatment were generally similar among strains except in two trials involving a Puerto Rican strain that was unusually sensitive to hycanthone and relatively resistant to stibophen.Selective killing of male worms occurred consistently with lucanthone and hycanthone treatment. The use of portal perfusion rather than dissection to recover surviving worms appears to have been instrumental in allowing the relatively resistant female worms to be found, namely in the liver.The results of this study indicate that strain differences in susceptibility to drugs do o...