Hepatoprotective action of various partitions of methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity: involvement of the antioxidant mechanisms (original) (raw)
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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
The methanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (L) R.Br. stem bark was screened for hepatoprotective activity against Swiss albino rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. The results of hepatoprotective activity revealed that the methanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris significantly decreased the biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TP and TB). Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug, was used for comparison. The extract did not show any mortality up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The findings indicated that the methanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (200 mg/kg) was effective in bringing the functional improvement of hepatocytes. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissues.
Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016
The liver is the largest, important organ and the site for essential biochemical reactions in the human body. It has the function to detoxify toxic substances and synthesize useful biomolecules. Therefore, damage to the liver leads to grave consequences. This damage resulted from chronic alcoholic abuse, viral hepatitis or inherited metabolic disease. Liver damage is associated with cellular necrosis, fibrosis, and increase in tissue lipid peroxidation and depletion in tissue glutathione level. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages in the liver. Natural antioxidants are found in many compounds classified as secondary plant metabolites, e.g. polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and terpenoids (carotenoids), and the consumption of foods that contain these compounds in large quantities seems to play an important role in prophylaxis against many diseases. Herbal medicines derived from plant extracts are being increasingly utilized to treat a wide variety of clinical disease. More attention has been paid to the protective effects of natural antioxidants against drug induced toxicities especially whenever free radical generation is involved. Popularity of herbal remedies is increasing and at least one quarter of patients with liver disease use botanicals. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. Some medicinal herbs have proven hepatoprotective potential. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used to treat liver diseases since the 16th century. Its major constituents are the flavonoids silibinin, silydianin, silychristin, and isosilibinin, of which silibinin is the biologically most active compound and used for standardization of pharmaceutical products.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines
Background: Liver diseases are a common cause of mortality and morbidity over the world. It is caused mainly by toxic chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents. Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) (Zingiberaceae) is widely employed in various traditional medicines for the prevention and treatment of different aliments. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effect of C. speciosus rhizomes MeOH extract against the injury of the liver induced by paracetamol (PA) in mice. Material and Methods: The mice were pretreated for seven days with distilled H 2 O, silymarin 12 mg/kg or 100 and 200 mg/kg MeOH extract. Then, PA (750 mg/kg) was also intra-peritoneal administrated once a day. Animals were euthanatized 24 h after the damage inducement. The levels of the serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase, in addition to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were determined. Moreover, the histopathological examination was carried out. Results: Administration of the MeOH extract (200 mg/kg) showed improvement in the toxic effects of PA through significant fall on the serum markers enzymes of liver damage: AST, ALT, and ALP, as well as TNF-α, compared to silymarin. In parallel, the histopathological profile in the mice` liver also proved that extract markedly minimized the PA toxicity and maintained the liver tissues` histoarchitecture to near the normal ones more than that achieved by silymarin. Conclusion: The findings suggested that C. speciosus extract acts as a potential hepatoprotective agent against PAinduced liver toxicity. This hepato-protection effect may be due to the existence of steroids, saponins, different glycosides, and phenolic compounds in C. speciosus.
A Review On Hepatoprotective Efficacy Of Various Phytochemicals
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024
The plant kingdom has been a very important resource to offer us natural products which are meant for treating many diseases with lesser side effects. Since the liver performs many vital functions in our human body, the malfunction in the liver causes a severe threat to public health. The challenges such as stimulation of affected liver function, lack of complete protection of the liver, degeneration of liver cells and inefficient nature of current treatment therapy often delay the drug discovery in liver diseases. Despite the setback, natural products derived from plant resources have partly provided some relief in identifying liver protecting compounds. For instance, silymarin is a naturally obtained milk thistle, containing flavonolignans. Research studies emphasized a hepatoprotective property of silymarin in acute and chronic hepatic dysfunction. Multiple pharmacological mechanisms behind hepatoprotective efficacy of silymarin were reported including stimulation of superoxide dismutase expression and its activity, inhibition of entry of toxins into the liver, enriching glutathione concentrations, improving liver protein production and blocking lipid peroxidation process. A lot of factors should be considered to get a novel natural compound that possesses hepatoprotective property. Parameters such as extraction procedure, parts of the plant and use of reagents in separation technique are very critical in the isolation of the active natural product.
It is well established that CCl 4 induce liver injury in animals through production of free radicals and oxidative stress, and subsequent lipid peroxidation that propagates injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of silybum marianum (SB) plant relative to silymarin (SM) as standard drug on liver enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and histological changes using H&E and atomic force microscope (AFM). The aqueous extract of SB was prepared and the determination of total phenolic compounds in aqueous extract of silybum marianum and in silymarin standard drug was done. Results showed that CCl 4 was found to induce liver injury by significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and CYP450 which were confirmed using H&E and atomic force microscope (AFM) while decreasing albumin (ALB) and activates of glutathione –S-transferase (GST), glutathione reduced (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Whereas, treatment with aqueous extract of SB as well as SM drug significantly decrease ALT, AST, ALP and MDA and increased ALB, GST, GSH, SOD, CAT, TAC levels as well as decreasethe level of CYP450. In conclusion, aqueous extract of SB ameliorates the toxic effects of CCl 4 by its free radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activity and can be used for the treatment of liver injury.
Iranian Journal of Pharmacology …, 2007
The ethanol extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Schrophulariaceae) aerial parts (EBM) was investigated for any in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. EBM was prepared and estimation of total phenolics was carried out. Further, the antioxidant activity of EBM was studied using four in vitro models. The amount of total phenolics was estimated to be 47.7g of pyrocatechol equivalent per mg of extract. The reducing power of the extract was found to be concentration dependant. The antioxidant activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity were also concentration dependant with IC 50 value being 238.22g/ml, 29.17g/ml and 22.92g/ml respectively. The activities were found to be comparable with the reference drugs. Different groups of animals (Wistar albino rats) were administered with paracetamol (500 mg/kg, p.o., once in a day for 7 days). EBM at the dose of 300 mg/kg/day and silymarin at 25 mg/kg/day were administered to the paracetamol treated rats for seven days. The effects of EBM and silymarin on serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (Direct and Total), cholesterol (HDL and Total) and total protein were measured in the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic rats. Further, the effects of the extract on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. EBM and silymarin produced significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, total cholesterol and in vivo lipid peroxidation and significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and HDL cholesterol. EBM also showed antioxidant effects on FeCl 2 -ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. From these results, it was suggested that EBM could protect the liver cells from paracetamol-induced liver damage perhaps, by its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of paracetamol.
2018
Background: Medicinal plants are by far the crucial source of drugs to protect the body against an insult by toxic compounds. The present study is aimed at assessing the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus (PE) and Bauhinia rufescens (BR) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats for a period of two weeks. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on a total of thirty (30) albino rats which were divided into six (6) groups of five (5) replicates. Group I was used as controls, group II received CCl4 in groundnut oil (1 ml/kg) by subcutaneous injection;group III and IV received CCl4 in groundnut oil (1 ml/kg) by subcutaneous injection followed by 250mg/kg of PE and BR on day 12, 13 and 14 for group III and IV respectively. Group V and VI received 250mg/kg of PE and BR daily for 12 days followed by CCl4 (1ml/kg) on day 12 respectively. The rats were sacrificed twenty-four (24) hours after the last administration and blood...
Objective: To investigated the hematological, antioxidant and protective performance of Usnea longissima (U. longissima) on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weigt 1:1 CCl4 i.p.), ethanolic U. longissima extracts at a doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weigt) were administered to and compared with Silymarin (25 mg/kg body weigt) and hematological, antioxidant and enzymatic, non-enzymatic parameters were assessed through the liver functions test. All the observation was also supplemented with histopathological examination of liver sections. Results: Phytochemical investigation showed that ethanolic extract contains poly phenolic compounds tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins and acute toxicity study shows that ethanolic extract was safe up to 2 000 mg/kg body weight. The toxicant induced a rise in the plasma enzyme levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin level. This increased level was significantly decreased by the extract at 400 mg/kg body weight than 200 mg/kg body weight. The animals were prevented (partly or fully) which was showed in the histopathological changes using ethonolic U. longissima extract. Conclusions: The outcome of this study reveals that, there is a powerful antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of U. longissima. It is believed that the present constituents are responsible for courting the hepatic disease and alternative components have the power to act as free radical scavenging properties.
2017
Hepatoprotection is a matter of worldwide interest, since liver diseases are common, and liver transplant has increasedover the past years, drastically reducing the number of people able to meet the criteria for such a transplant. The experimental research in this paper aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective capacity of Silybum marianum species (thistle). In order to fulfil the purpose of the paper, thistle was administrated as hydr alcoholic extracts to animals, i.e. albino mice-NMRI strain. We used paracetamol solution for infusion known as Perfalgan (Bristol-Myers Squibb). The dose used was 400mg/kg/bod y substance, and we administrated ethanolic extracts of Sylibum marianum after the paracetamol poisoning. We conducted the research using biochemical methods and techniques, potential structural and functional changes occurred in the experimental animals’ internal organs poisoned with perfalgan then treated with Silybum marianum plant extract.