Impact of carbofurans on sweet corn pest predators: A study of good agroecosystem practices (original) (raw)
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Survey of Predators and Sampling Method Comparison in Sweet Corn
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004
Natural predation is an important component of integrated pest management that is often overlooked because it is difÞcult to quantify and perceived to be unreliable. To begin incorporating natural predation into sweet corn, Zea mays L., pest management, a predator survey was conducted and then three sampling methods were compared for their ability to accurately monitor the most abundant predators. A predator survey on sweet corn foliage in New York between 1999 and 2001 identiÞed 13 species. Orius insidiosus (Say), Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer), and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were the most numerous predators in all years. To determine the best method for sampling adult and immature stages of these predators, comparisons were made among nondestructive Þeld counts, destructive counts, and yellow sticky cards. Field counts were correlated with destructive counts for all populations, but Þeld counts of small insects were biased. Sticky cards underrepresented immature populations. Yellow sticky cards were more attractive to C. maculata adults than H. axyridis adults, especially before pollen shed, making coccinellid population estimates based on sticky cards unreliable. Field counts were the most precise method for monitoring adult and immature stages of the three major predators. Future research on predicting predation of pests in sweet corn should be based on Þeld counts of predators because these counts are accurate, have no associated supply costs, and can be made quickly.
Composition and Functional Groups of Insects in Grain Crops from South-Ern Guanajuato
Entomology and Applied Science Letters, 2022
The entomofauna is made up of 11 orders and 59 families, of which, 53 are in corn, 25 in wheat, and 24 in barley. The entomofaunal community is grouped into two functional groups according to their ecological role, and their diet: 1) EFG´s (ecological functional groups), it includes herbivores, predators, parasitoids, pollinators, vectors, decomposers, and generalists; 2) TFG´s (trophic functional guilds) comprise phytophagous, insectivores, decomposers, polyphages, Necrophagist, hematophagous, carnivores, nectarivorous, and mycophagy. The principal component analysis for the EFG´s indicated a close relationship and dominance of herbivores and predators in corn, unlike wheat and barley, while for the phytophagic and insectivorous TFG´s presented the same relationship. As far as it can be said that in maize cultivation, both functional and trophic relationships are established by antagonistic groups of plant hosts and predators, the other groups in wheat and barley being non-specific and generalist groups. This shows dominance of insects adapted to the development, growth, and phenology cycles in the corn crop, in which the abundance values denote a relationship with demographic factors typical of phytophages, and a smaller number of families of the other groups. The agronomic management and other ecological interactions in the agroecosystems are factors that contribute to the composition of functional groups for entomofauna in the grain crops studied.
Effect of Natural Enemy (Chrysoperla carnea Stephens) against Sucking Insect Pests of Okra
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2017
The reported high loss mortality rate of green lacewing, (Chrysoperla carnea) have been attributed to diverse factors including unattended use of insecticides. Since chemical control is one of a significant practice to manage insect pest in cotton. However, this kind of practice may impair the natural control provided by generalist predator C. carnea. Although, natural control adoption is limited in crops, area and season due to widespread use of insecticides but presence of resistance potential in C. carnea may improve the design of solid IPM strategies. Herein, we aimed to assess the toxicity of four insecticides to two strains of C. carnea (viz. laboratory reared and field collected adults) and to evaluate their resistance potential by calculating their resistance ratio. LC 50 was calculated at 24 h following topical application administered when the adults were 3 days old. Control adult mortalities were less than 10% at 24 h. The LC 50 values (µl mL-1) for laboratory reared strains of each tested insecticide were: acetamiprid, 0.0064; bifenthrin, 3.75; chlorpyrifos, 0.067; and profenofos, 0.052. The LC 50 values for field collected strains were 0.096 (acetamiprid), 34.8 (bifenthrin), 0.21 (chlorpyrifos) and 0.44 (profenofos). The toxicity of the test insecticide to C. carnea from more to least toxic was acetamiprid > profenofos > chlorpyrifos > bifenthrin. Field collected strain possessed 15 (acetamiprid)-, 9.28 (bifenthrin)-, 3.13 (chlorpyrifos)-, and 8.5 (profenofos)-fold more resistance than the susceptible population. These results are pretty worthwhile for integration of C. carnea in IPM programs, impairing with insecticides.
International Journal of Entomology Research, 2023
The study was conducted at maize/ corn crop fields in Nalgonda, Warangal, and Ranga Reddy, erstwhile districts of Telangana state, India during the 2021-22 Kharif and Rabi seasons. Main objective of the study is to investigate diversity of insect predators and spiders in the agroecosystems of maize (Zea mays L.) in Telangana state, India. We observed fifteen Insect predator's species, belonging to Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Montodea, and Neuroptera orders in the class Insecta and two spider species, belonging to Araneae order in the class Arachnida of the Arthropoda phylum of the Kingdom Animalia. Among the orders, the order Coleoptera represented the highest number of five species followed by Hemiptera three species, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, and Araneae two species, and Montodea one species. Ecological indices of predatory arthropods i.e., Species richness (Margalefs Index), Species diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index), and Species evenness (Pielou Evenness Index) were calculated.
Bio-efficacy trials of carbofuran 3% CG against insect pests of Rice
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020
The present investigation was conducted in kharif 2017 at BCKV Teaching Farm, Mandouri, Nadia, West Bengal, to evaluate the efficacy insecticide, viz., Carbofuran 3% CG at different doze rates, Fipronil 0.3% GR, Carbosulfan 25% EC and Cartap Hydrochloride 4% GR against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas and Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis infesting rice. The pooled data on efficacy of different treatment schedules of Carbofuran 3% CG against major insect pests of Rice i.e. stem borer and Leaf folder. All the treated plots provided significant reduction of pest infestation along with significant yield increase but the best protection was obtained from the plots treated with Carbofuran 3% CG @ 100kg/ha followed by Carbofuran 3% CG @ 50kg/ha & Carbofuran 3% CG @ 25 kg/ha. All the treatments were on par with each other and significantly superior over the other comparative treatments and untreated control regarding pest control.
Assessment of economic insect pests of major crops at Borana and West Guji zones, Southern Ethiopia
International Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology (IJPPM), 2023
The crop insect pest assessment was conducted at two zones of southern Oromia, West Guji and Borana Zone from 2020 to 2022 cropping seasons. The assessment was done in two districts of each zone and totally four districts were assessed. The districts were selected purposively based on potential of crop they cultivate. The major crops cultivated at the area were maize, teff and common bean. During, this assessment was done each crop was infested by insects and the pests causes high damage on some field. Insects identified from common bean fields, which leads to high yield loss were Striacosta albicosta (cutworm), Epilachna varivestis (ladybird beetle) and Maruca vitrata (pod borer). Cutworm was recorded only from Teltelle, while pod borer was mostly found in all surveyed districts. The Maximum damages percentage of pod borer was observed at Yabello (40%) followed by Teltelle (36%) whereas minimum damage percentage (27.78%) was detected at Bule Hora. On maize 3 major insect species, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall army warm), Aphis fabae (black aphids) and Busseola fusca (stem borer) were detected. Fall army warm was the dominant pest and accounts 50%, 73.7%, and 18.5% damage percentage at Teltelle, Yabello and Abaya districts respectively followed by stem borer. Atherigona hyalinipennis (Shoot fly) was the major pest on tef with infestation levels 23.39%, 19.7%, 30% and 33.64% in Teltelle, Yabello, Bule Hora and Abaya districts respectively.
Integration of Insecticides and Biological Control Tactics for Sweet Corn
Sweet corn is attacked by a variety of insect pests that can cause severe losses to the producer. Current control practices are largely limited to the application of broadspectrum insecticides that can have a substantial and deleterious impact on the natural enemy complex. When not killed by broad-spectrum insecticides, natural enemies have been shown to provide partial control of sweet corn pests. The major natural enemies in New York sweet corn are two species of lady beetles and Orius insidiosus. New products that specifically target pests, while being relatively benign to other insects, could enable growers to have the benefits of natural enemies and still use insecticides as needed. In field trials we found that Avaunt and SpinTor are both less toxic to some natural enemies than the pyrethroid Warrior. Avaunt, however, was highly toxic to lady beetles, and SpinTor was slightly toxic to O. insidiosus at labeled field rates. Both of these new products were able to provide control of the primary pests equal to Warrior. Transgenic Bt sweet corn varieties provided excellent control of pests and showed no toxicity to the natural enemies monitored, while Dipel, a Bt foliar spray formulation, provided no significant pest control and was slightly toxic to lady beetles. The choice of insecticide material had a major impact on survival of both the pests and natural enemies in sweet corn, but the rate and frequency of application had only minor impacts. Thirteen commercial varieties were screened for resistance to pests and attractiveness to natural enemies. Significant differences occurred between varieties for populations of European corn borer, lady beetles, O. insidiosus, and aphids, indicating that there is potential to select varieties for host resistance and increased pest control by natural enemies.
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Sweet corn productivity in the country is still low when compared to productivity abroad, the main factors that cause low corn yields in Indonesia are the use of local varieties, lack of soil fertility coupled with inadequate fertilization and pest and disease attacks. This experiment aims to determine the effect of Concentration and Application Interval of Chlorantraniliprole Active Ingredient Insecticide on the intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attack and yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccaharata sturt). The experiment was conducted in Getasan Village, Depok District, Cirebon Regency, in January-April 2023. The research method used a factorial pattern Randomized Group Design consisting of two factors, namely concentration and application interval. The results showed that the concentration and application interval of the active ingredient Chlorantraniliprole had a significant effect on the intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda attack and the yield o...
Asian Journal of Research in Zoology
The survey was carried out in 2017 main cropping season to support farmers for correct insect pest identification. Three Kebeles, Hallo, Sambaro and Herara with five farmer’s fields randomly selected. Ten representative plants were taken from each field. Data on mean larval density per plant, percentage leaf infestation and damage levels were assessed. Results from mean larval density per plant showed that significant difference between insect species (R2= 0.96, Pr (>|Z|=0.013) where the highest 1.55-2.30 was recorded from C. partellus. There was a significant difference between C. partellus and M. trapezalis; S. frugiperda and M. trapezalis in percentage leaf infestation (R2=0.75, Pr. (>|Z|=2e-16) where, the highest were recorded from C. partellus and S. frugiperda representing 50-90% and 40-90% respectively. From the above, C. partellus and S. frugiperda were at risk, as a result insecticide was recommended. M. trapezalis showed a lower infestation level so that hand picking...