Rising Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Patients Recently Diagnosed With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States (original) (raw)
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Hepatitis B and C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1997
Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was detected in 18·7% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in 10·9% of controls (P < 0·001). The corresponding prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were 59·3% and 50·0% (P < 0·001). Using patients with non-hepatic disease as controls, stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that both anti-HCV (odds ratio 6·88%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·63–9·77) and HBsAg (odds ratio 6·46; 95% CI 1·68–18·13) were independent risk factors for HCC. Calculation of the incremental odds ratio indicated no interaction between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Blood transfusion was a significant risk factor for acquiring HCV infection with odds ratios of 5·48 (95% CI 1·07–29·0) and 2·86 (95% CI 1·31–22·72) for HCC cases and controls, respectively. The mean age of HCC cases with HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than that of HCC patients with anti-HCV alone (P < 0·01). It is concluded that there is a high rate of HBV infection, and a low rate of HCV infection, among Nigerian patients with HCC. However, HBV and HCV are independent risk factors for the development of HCC, with HBV having an effect more rapidly. Screening of blood products for transfusion might minimize the risk of HCV transmission.
Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma
Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 1999
The sequential development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with transfusion-associated hepatitis was a clue leading to the identi®cation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a risk factor for HCC. The incidence of HCV-related liver cancer is increasing in many developed countries: tumours arise in older patients, are almost invariably associated with cirrhosis and often have a less aggressive course than is seen in HCC related to other aetiological factors. Most HCCs grow as a single hepatic nodule for several years before generating satellite or distant tumour nodules. Tumour progression and hepatic failure are the leading causes of death. HCV might promote cancer through cirrhosis, which is per se an important risk factor for this tumour. HCV might also have oncogenic properties by interacting with cellular genes that regulate cell growth and dierentiation. The primary prevention of HCC through vaccination against HCV is not yet available. The treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with interferon might attenuate the risk of HCC.
International Journal of Cancer, 1995
During a 16-month period in 1991-1992, blood samples and questionnaire data were obtained from 65 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as from 2 control groups of hospitalized patients matched on gender and age, which included 65 metastatic liver cancer (MLC) patients and 65 patients hospitalized for eye, ear, nose or throat conditions. Coded sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, antibody to HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by enzyme immunoassay. The odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) in logistic regression modeling comparing the HCC cases to the combined control series were 18.8 (8.2-43.2) for the presence of HBsAg and 7.7 (1.7-35.1) for anti-HCV. In the present hospital-based case-control study anti-HCV testing was conducted on recently collected sera, using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay with confirmation by immunoblot assay. Comparisons with previous work in a similar population demonstrated that, when second-generation anti-HCV assays are applied to sera stored for 7-15 years, confirmatory assays or a higher diagnostic cut-off point may be necessary to ensure that the testing is specific.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Hepatocarcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients
European Journal of Internal Medicine, 2008
The epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in South Korea were examined in a prospective, multicenter cohort study that included 1,173 adult patients with positive results for anti-HCV antibody who completed a questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection from January 2007 to December 2011 at five university hospitals. The HCV cohort had a mean age of 55.4 years with 48.3% men, and diagnostic categories of acute hepatitis (n ¼ 63, 5.3%), past infection (n ¼ 37, 3.2%), chronic hepatitis (n ¼ 777, 66.2%), cirrhosis of the liver (n ¼ 179, 15.3%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n ¼ 117, 10.0%). The major HCV genotypes were genotype 1 (52.7%) and genotype 2 (45.3%). Liver biopsy was performed in 301 patients (25.7%), and 42.8% of the subjects received antiviral therapy against HCV. The behavioral risk factors possibly related to HCV infection were intravenous drug use (5%), needle stick injury (7%), blood transfusion before 1995 (19%), sexual relationship with more than three partners (28%), piercings (35%), tattoos (36%), surgery (43%), acupuncture (83%), diagnostic endoscopy (85%), and dental procedures (93%). Age, intravenous drug use, needle stick injury, transfusion before 1995, and tattoos were the independent risk factors of HCV infection.
Journal of Hepatology, 1998
Background/Aims: The pathogenic role of hepatitis G virus, the recently discovered blood-borne agent, is controversial. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis G virus infection in hepatic and in extrahepatic malignancies. Methods: We studied 166 Italian patients (112 male, 54 female, mean age 61.8∫9.3, mean∫SD, range 34-85). One hundred and eighteen had cirrhosis, which was complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma in 66 cases. Forty-eight patients had extra-hepatic malignancies. Circulating HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of both the nonstructural-3 and 5ønoncoding regions of the hepatitis G virus genome. Antibodies to the E2 protein of hepatitis G virus were detected by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma
Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 2001
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a well-recognized risk factor for occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In Europe, Oceania and America, chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis are the main risk factors for HCC. In Latin America, a few retrospective and one prospective study have also shown the predominant role played by hepatitis C in this setting. Furthermore, the incidence of HCC has been increasing in industrialized countries in the last decades; partially as a consequence of the increase in HCV-related cirrhosis (as the long-term sequel of the peak of infections occurring 2-4 decades ago). The main risk factor for HCC development in patients with hepatitis C is the presence of cirrhosis. Among patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis, the annual incidence rate of HCC ranges between 1-8%, being higher in Japan (4-8%) intermediate in Italy (2-4%) and lower in USA (1.4%). Some studies have also found that HCC may be the first complication to develop and the more frequent cause of death in the compensated HCV-associated cirrhosis. Other risk factors for HCC occurrence are older age at infection, male gender, decreased platelet count, esophageal varices, presence of porphyria cutanea tarda, liver steatosis or diabetes, infection with genotype 1b, coinfection with hepatitis B virus or with HIV and chronic alcoholism. Many studies and also meta-analysis have reported that antiviral therapy based on interferon may reduce the incidence of HCC in chronic hepatitis C, especially in patients with sustained virologic response. Patients with HCV-related cirrhosis should undergo surveillance for HCC.
The Anatolian Journal of Family Medicine, 2020
According to the data of the World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This study aimed to investigate the importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the viral etiology of HCC. In this study, we evaluated HBsAg and anti-HCV test results in serum samples sent with the diagnosis of HCC to Virology Laboratory. Methods: This study was planned as a record-based cross-sectional study. The patients with HCC who were analyzed HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody in serum specimens in Virology Laboratory between October 2016 and December 2018. HBsAg and anti-HCV were tested in serum samples with test parameters chemiluminescent micro-particular enzyme immunoassay method by Architect system. Results: This study included 44 patients with HCC. The median age of the patients diagnosed with HCC was 64.0 (33.0-88.0) years. Thirty-six (81.8%) of the patients were male, and 8 (18.2%) were female. HBsAg seropositivity was found in 13 (29.5%) patients and anti-HCV seropositivity was found in 2 (4.6%). HBsAg seropositivity was found in 2 (25.0%) of female patients and 11 (30.6%) of male patients (p=0.755). Anti-HCV seropositivity was found in 2 (5.6%) male patients (p=0.666). The highest HBsAg rate was 35.3% in the age group of 50-69 years, and the highest anti-HCV rate was 14.3% in the age group of 70-88 years (p=0.415, p=0.407, respectively). Conclusion: As a result, HBsAg seropositivity was found in 29.5%, and anti-HCV seropositivity was found in 4.6% of the patients diagnosed with HCC. HBV still keeps its importance in the etiology of HCC.
The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus among chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Cancer, 1992
To evaluate the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) were detected by enzyme immunoassay in 41 (12.6%) of the 326 patients with HCC. However, none of 35 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the liver had detectable anti-HCV. The prevalence of anti-HCV was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative HCC than those with HBsAg-positive HCC (37.3% versus 4.1%, P < 0.0001). However, the prevalence of anti-HCV was much higher in patients with HCC with negative results for HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (54.5%). The mean age of patients with HCC with positive results for anti-HCV was significantly greater than that of patients with HBsAg-positive HCC (65.1 versus 55.5 years, P c 0.0001). Alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 20 ng/ml were found in 70.7% of patients with HCC with positive results for anti-HCV and in 73.3% of patients with HBsAg-positive HCC. Of the Chinese patients with HCC, 74.5% had HBsAg-positive results and 96.6% had positive results for antibody to hepatitis core antigen. These data indicate that, although HCV may play an etiologic role in HCC, hepatitis B virus is still the most important causal agent among most Chinese patients with HCC. Cancer 1992: 69:342-345.
Hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: influence of ethnic status
The American journal of gastroenterology, 2003
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seems to be rising in the United States (US), and considerable variability in the incidence and etiology of HCC has been noted among different racial and ethnic groups in this country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of racial and ethnic status in the viral etiology of HCC in the US. Retrospective surveys were conducted at liver transplantation centers in the US. Respondents were asked to review the charts of all patients with HCC seen at their institution for the 2-yr period between July, 1997, and June, 1999, and provide information about the racial and ethnic distribution of cases and their serological status with regard to hepatitis B and C markers. Complete information was available on 691 patients who formed the basis of this study, comprising 59% whites, 14% blacks, 16% Asians, and 11% other racial groups. Of the patients, 107 patients (15.4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 322 had ant...