‘Now I’m Part of Australia and I Need to Know What Is Happening Here’: Case of Hazara Male Former Refugees in Brisbane Strategically Selecting Media to Aid Acculturation (original) (raw)
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MEDIATED MIGRATIONS - The Influence of New Media Among the Pakistani Diaspora in Leicestershire
Investigating the intertwining of the consumption and usage of new and traditional media among a group of 11 participants of first, second and third generation Pakistani migrants. The dissertation aims to answer questions about identity retention, difference in consumption habits, difference between consumption of new and traditional media and the impact of media on political opinion. I employed semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis of the data to deduce themes based on the interview data.
2022
This study assessed global media (Satellite TV and Internet) exposure of students enrolled in Ghazi University and Education University campus, Dera Ghazi Khan and its effects on cultural identity through observing change in their language, eating habits, dress, ways of celebration, social relations, attitude toward traditional gender role and leisure time preferences. Total 360 respondents were selected purposively (who used global media) equally divided between Ghazi University and Education University campus and were interviewed through a structured interview schedule. The results showed that the majority of respondents were heavy viewers and used the global media for the sake of entertainment, news, information, and fashion. They like to speak words of foreign languages in their daily conversations; enjoy eating foreign food both at home and restaurant; follow dressing style of media celebrities and wear foreign dresses occasionally. They like foreign music, movies and ways of celebrating events. They spent their leisure time in watching satellite TV and chatting friends via cell phone/internet. It was concluded that global media is promoting popular culture and influencing local culture and traditions of local community. It is suggested that media regulatory authorities and owners should perform their role to promote local cultures to preserve ethnic diversity in Pakistan
Ethnic media and migrant settlement
Ethnic media are an under utilised resource in the provision of settlement information to migrants and refugees. Drawing on seven interviews from a pilot study conducted in South Australia, this paper investigates the role of ethnic media in providing targeted communication and detailed settlement information to its audiences and demonstrates the importance of such media in fostering a relationship between settlement service provision and migrant communities. The findings of this research suggest that ethnic media and communications networks can indeed play an important role in positive migrant settlement. In engaging with ethnic media, settlement service providers should consider a tailored and granular approach, with print, broadcast and digital all playing a role depending on the specific needs of the community. Research on migrant and refugee settlement has been shaped by a concern with employment, education, housing and health as measures of successful settlement. This has been deemed achievable through the facilitating mechanisms of social connections and ties, different forms of social, cultural and human capital, and general feelings of well-being and safety (Ager & Strang, 2008; Fozdar & Banki, 2017). Mediated communication can also be an important facilitator and enabler of migrant settlement, one which has thus far garnered little scholarly attention (Lindgren, 2015; Veronis & Ahmed, 2015; Hebbani & Van Vuuren, 2015; Li, 2015). Specifically, this article focuses on migrant-controlled media and communications and its role in migrant settlement. These are media such as ethnic newspapers, radio and television, as well as migrant and ethnic community initiated and controlled websites and social media networks. These communication platforms may be formally organised through an external and overarching organisation (e.g. ethnic community broadcasting) or controlled by members of the ethnic communities in an informal way (e.g. social media networks). This paper is based on data from in-depth interviews with seven migrant community leaders, focusing specifically on the role of media and communication in the settlement experiences of interviewees and their perceptions of the experiences of the members of their communities (Lindgren, 2015; Murray, 2015; Veronis & Ahmed, 2015). Although it is a small sample, the participation of recognised community leaders is important in light of their significant roles in advocating for their communities and acting as a bridge between said communities and government and public institutions (Elliott & Yusuf, 2014). The findings, along with existing research, suggest that ethnic media and related communication networks can play an important role in facilitating migrant settlement and therefore contribute to the overall well-being of migrant and refugee populations. The precise nature of this role depends on several factors. These include, but are not restricted to: the experience and time of migration; the demographic nature of the group in terms of age, gender and class; the related nature of their particular settlement needs; and their access, or lack thereof, to different communications technologies which in turn facilitate specific one-to-one and one-to-many communication practices (Veronis & Ahmed, 2015). Research on the role of ethnic media in the lives of migrants, ethnic minorities and culturally and linguistically diverse groups (CALD), is both implicitly and overtly shaped by the political culture of the time, as are the preferred labels given to the settlement process. Earlier research which emphasised strong integration and assimilation (Park, 1922) has given way to a softer approach, focusing on integration as an exchange of fluid cultural practices between home and host cultures (Zhou & Cai, 2002). Here ethnic media tend to be seen as a resource, one used in conjunction with other resources, including mainstream and global media, in a migrant-controlled settlement process (Gillespie, 2006; Viswanath & Arora, 2000). This shift in academic research towards an appreciation of the role of migrants and their descendants in managing their own integration is echoed in political changes to the management of ethnic diversity. Multiculturalism, as both overt policy and as implied political culture, has played an important role in shaping ethnic media around the world. In Australia, a political concern with the maintenance of ethnic minority languages, traditions and cultures emerged in the 1970s with the introduction of a policy of multiculturalism and the official establishment of the country's leading multicultural broadcaster, the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). It was also during this time that community radio appeared, giving ethnic minorities a platform on which to produce their own programs that had previously been restricted to the commercial media sector (Griffin-Foley, 2006). Approaches to the settlement process have also undergone changes. Increasing calls for an understanding of the subjective experiences of settlement (Colic-Peisker, 2009) reflect dissatisfaction with a bureaucratic, top-down approach
English language learning barriers of Afghan refugee women in Australia
This study explores the critical barriers to English language learning for Afghan refugee women in Australia. Using data from 23 individual interviews and five focus group discussions , these show that although the participants received formal support from the Australian Government, the majority still struggled to learn English effectively. A thematic analysis of the interview responses revealed that the major barriers to English acquisition were pedagogical and socio-cultural, and included issues of self-esteem and motivation. The findings of this study have the potential to inform language support programs for refugee women, particularly when considering the sociocultural, emotional and educational needs of female refugees learning English, and the need for provisions such as childcare to facilitate their participation in language learning classes. Q2 K E Y W O R D S Afghan women, Australia, English language learning, migration, refugees Q3 j k Int J Appl Linguist. 2020;1-14.
Media Effects on Ethnic Identity Among Linguistic Majorities and Minorities
Human Communication Research, 2005
Research on media effects has documented the media's infl uence on beliefs and behavior while cross-cultural psychology has documented the effects of the language used in communication on identifi cation with the ingroup and the outgroup. Media usage in the outgroup language should, therefore, affect identifi cation patterns. This research investigates media effects in the acculturation process through a longitudinal design involving minority and majority group members evolving in the same bilingual environment. Subjects were Francophone students (N = 235) from minority and majority settings attending a bilingual (French-English) university. Results revealed that majority students increased signifi cantly written and public media consumption in English whereas minority students increased French written media consumption. Furthermore, increased usage of English written and audiovisual media was related to identity changes in favour of the Anglophone group. Finally, path analysis emphasized the mediating role played by English language confi dence and the determining role of ethnolinguistic vitality. T he media play a central role in disseminating norms and values (Barnett & MacPhail, 1980). Furthermore, the kind of information received from the media has implications for how we view our own culture, as well as other cultures. Barnett and Lee (2002; see also Cerulo, Ruane, & Chayko, 1992), in fact, argued that mediated communication is becoming the most important form of communication between cultures. Buttressing their proposition are the many empirical investigations supporting the existence of intercultural mass media effect on
The consumers choice: Language, media consumption and hybrid identities of minorities
Communications, 2002
This study focuses on two large minorities in Israeli society: the 'returning Diaspora' of Russian immigrants and the 'involuntary' Arab minority. Using survey data, this paper examines the relationship between the use of Hebrew, Russian and/or Arabic media, and the strength of two identities that members of a minority group possess; i. e., the one shared with the Israeli majority and the one based on one's respective minority. Based on the use of media in their native languages (Russian or Arabic) as well as Hebrew media, four types of media consumers were discerned in both minority communities: adapters, dualists, separatists, and detached. Most of the Russians were separatists, with dualists in second place while the modal type among the Arabs were the dualists, with separatists ranked second. The proportion of adapters among the Russians was double that among the Arabs. Among the Russians there was a significant interaction between Russian and Hebrew media use and the majority identity, while among the Arabs there was a significant interaction between Arabic and Hebrew media use and the minority identity. The findings suggest that dualist-hybrid media consumers, who are relatively high users of the media in the two languages, seem to be the best equipped and most compatible for integration into Israel's evolving multicultural society.
THE MIGRANT AND THE MEDIA Roles, challenges and potential of ethnic media
This essay explores the function of different migrant media in New Zealand drawing examples from across the board with a particular focus on Indian media. This includes traditional media (i.e. print, TV, magazine and radio), and online media. In this, the traditional communication networks of ethnic community and religious associations and their use of web, films and events is also taken into consideration. By exploring the role, challenges and potential of ethnic media, this essay seeks to understand how these media represent the diverse voices of migrant groups, in addition to providing content relevant to their needs as migrants (i.e. content that counterbalances the mainstream host culture as it is represented in the mainstream media).
Al-Shajarah, 2018
A refugee is defined by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 1(A) (2) as a person who encounters the fear of being persecuted for their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, resides away from his or her own country and is not willing to be protected by the country. The United Nations Refugee Agency Malaysia (UNHCR) registered 149,100 refugees and asylum-seekers as of the end of August 2017. Most of these were from Myanmar, comprising Rohingya (n=61,000) and Chin (n=9,900) people, followed by Pakistanis (n=4,200). Given their circumstances and the apparent dearth of literature in the area, there is an urgent need to explore the utilisation of media and non-media activities by refugees from Myanmar and Pakistan in terms of use and gratifications of such activities, as undertaken in this research, based on Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory, which comprises five elements: the audience is active, the link between need gratification and media choice lies with audience members, there are media and other needs competing (non-media needs), many goals of mass media use can be generated from data supplied by audience members, and audience orientations should be examined on their own terms (without considering culture). The study develops U&G theory, contributes to current studies, and provides an insight on refugee needs gratified by media and non-media activities, particularly in terms of communities in Malaysia. The study embraced a multiple case-study research design by investigating the two refugee communities in depth, through interviews.