Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among catheterized patients at Jimma University Teaching Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Clinical microbiology, 2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been reported as the most commonly isolated organisms in hospitals. The increasing resistance rate of P. aeruginosa to the common antimicrobial drugs has been reported worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa from inpatients of two hospitals. Out of 1235 patient specimens, a total of 108 (8.7%) non-duplicated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were identified, majority of them were from males (59.3%) and from patients above 60 years (31.5%). The most common incidence rate was from male ward (43.5%) followed by female ward (20.4%). Majority of P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from sputum specimen (38%) followed by urine specimen (14.8%). The results showed that 42.6% of the isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics while 36.1 % were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotics. The study showed that maximum antibiotic susceptibility rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was against amikacin (83.3%) followed by ciprofloxacin (75.9%). The maximum resistance rates among P. aeruginosa isolates were against Piperacillin/Tazobactum (38.5%,) followed by cefepime (32.4%). It was concluded that among P. aeruginosa isolates, amikacin was the most susceptible antimicrobial drug while piperacillin-tazobactam and cefipime were most resistant ones. Interventions and strategies to stop high resistance rate and optimizing therapy are needed.
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018
Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is clinically significant and opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in clinical practice. The ongoing emergence of resistant strains that cause nosocomial infections contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Objective of present study was to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients. Methods: The study was performed at microbiology department of a local hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. All the patients' samples of hospital departments from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were included. A Total of 2079 samples were collected during the study period. Among them, 193 strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated. One hundred ninety three isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical specimens and fully characterized by standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolates was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Majority of P. aeruginosa were isolated from Sputum, followed by urine specimens. Results: The isolate pathogen showed the highest sensitive to Meropenem (85.5%), followed by Amikacin (80.5%), Imipenem (80.0%), and Piperacillin/tazobactam (77.2). The highest frequency of resistance (96.2%) was observed with amoxicillin /clavulinic Acid followed by cefuroxime 94.6%, ampicillin/ sulbactam 94.5%, Co-Trimoxzole 80.5%, and norfloxacin 54%. Conclusion: The result confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance strains of P. aeruginosa. Meropenem, imipenem, and amikacin, were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. It therefore calls for a very judicious, appropriate treatment regimens selection by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance P. aeruginosa.
International Journal of Urology, 2006
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been an important uropathogen that causes complicated urinary tract infection. We investigated the clinical characteristics of complicated urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a single institution. Methods: We studied those patients who had basal disease in their urinary tract that was diagnosed as urinary tract infection caused by more than 10 4 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from their urine. In those patients, we analysed infectious risk factors, treatment methods including the use of antimicrobial agents, the presence of a urinary tract catheter, and the relationship between febrile infection and urinary tract catheter. In addition, we examined the various antimicrobial susceptibilities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: We studied 76 patients (59 men and 17 women). Of their basal diseases of the urinary tract, bladder tumor was the most prevalent (42.1%). Of the 39 patients who had an indwelling urinary tract catheter, 26 (66.7%) experienced a high-grade fever, a higher rate than that of the 37 patients who were not catheterized (40.5%). Seven patients were treated with anticancer chemotherapy drugs and 31 cases of urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were diagnosed in the perioperative period. Piperacillin showed lower susceptibility against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in these 2 years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicated that those patients with urinary tract catheterization had a higher incidence of fever than patients without catheterization. Therefore, we must improve not only the antimicrobial treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa but also our management of catheters.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2013
Objective: Increasing number of reports had documented the continued emergence of resistance among P. aeruginosa strains to common antimicrobial drugs, worldwide. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from hospitalized patients. Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2012, one hundred and forty-five strains of P.aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical specimens and fully characterized by standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of each isolate was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per guidelines of CLSI. Results: Majority of isolates of P.aeruginosa (120, 83.75%) were obtained from specimens of pus, sputum, urine and tracheal aspirates. The isolated pathogens showed resistance to amikacin (17.25%), ciprofloxacin (27.59%) and cefoperazone-sulbactum (34.48%). Resistance rates to Cotrimoxazole, piperacillin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol varied from 51.00% to 73.00%. All the isolates were susceptible to imipenem. 30 (20.69%) of P.aeruginosa isolates were multi-drug resistant. Conclusion: The results confirmed the occurrence of drug resistant strains of P.aeruginosa. Imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. It therefore calls for a very judicious, rational treatment regimens prescription by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance among the P.aeruginosa strains.
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2008
A total of one hundred and forty two swab samples (92 clinical and 50 from hospital environment) were collected for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of the total samples, 29 isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated and recorded an overall prevalence rate of 20.42% (29/242) of which 18 (19.56%) were from wounds and burns swabs of patients, and 11 (22%) were from hospital environment. The highest rate of P. aeruginosa (60%) identified from hospital environmental specimens were from door handles followed by ward sinks (57.15%) and the least (10.53%) from patients' beds and table tops. According to gender and age group, the study showed the highest rate of P. aeruginosa in the male (55.6%), and in young patients (38.9%) between the ages of 5 and 25 years compared to the elderly; while the lowest rate 27.8% were from those age 45 years and above. Results showed that all isolates from patients and hospital environment were resistant to ticarcillin and ceftazidime (100%). Also, P. aeruginosa from patients demonstrated high resistance to cefepime, ofloxacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin and amikacin in the following order respectively :88.8, 77.7, 61.1, 50.0, 44.4, 44.4, 38.8, 38.8 and 33.3%; whereas showed low resistance (16.6 and 11.1%) to each of ticarcillin/clavulanate and meropenem, and only 5.5% to imepenem. Generally, this study pointed that P. aeruginosa isolates from hospital environment were more resistant to particular antibiotics than that of clinical isolates. It was also revealed that P. aeruginosa have high sensitivity to imepenem, meropenem and ticarcillin /clavulanate and these should be considered in the treatment of this bacterium.
American Journal of Infection Control, 2006
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are generally resistant to many antibiotics, and nosocomial infections because of this species are one of the major problems in many hospitals. Molecular typing provides very useful information about origin and transmission of the strains. The aims of the present study were to investigate clinical and microbiologic characteristics of the nosocomial infections caused by P aeruginosa strains in a medical center and to bring up the cross-transmission level of this opportunistic pathogen in a university hospital by analyzing the clonal relationship among the isolates. Methods: A total of 105 P aeruginosa strains had been identified among the 80 inpatients in a 1-year period from August 2003 to August 2004. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data of the patients were prospectively recorded. The standardized diskdiffusion method was used to determine resistance of the strains to imipenem, ceftazidime, aztreonam, amikacin, gentamicin, mezlocillin, cefepime, tobramycin, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Clonal relatedness of the strains was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Of the 105 P aeruginosa strains identified, 45 (43%) were isolated from the patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Thirteen patients had repeated pseudomonas infection (total 38 infections/13 patients); 26 of these repeated infections in 9 patients showed the same localization. Half of the patients had at least 1 underlying disease such as burn (48%), chronic illness (32%), and malignancy (20%). Fifty-seven patients (71%) had urinary and/or other catheterization. Urinary tract infection (35%) was the most frequent infection encountered, followed by respiratory tract infection (34%) and sepsis (13%). Resistance to the antibiotics tested was in the 12% to 88% range; amikacin was the most effective and ceftriaxone was the least effective antibiotic. The PFGE typing method showed that 28 of the 80 patients' isolates were clonally related, including 23 indistinguishable or closely related strains (29%), and 5 possibly related strains (6%). Epidemiologic data of the 16 patients (20% of the patients) confirmed a clonal relationship among the strains. Of the 26 isolates of the 9 patients having repeated infection in the same location, 18 (69%) were in the clonally related groups, whereas 11 of the 12 strains isolated from repeated infections on different body sites were clonally different. Conclusion: Our results indicated that P aeruginosa infections in our hospital mainly affected the patients hospitalized in intensive care units and those having catheterization, burn, and/or chronic illness. Amikacin was the best antibiotic as far as bacterial resistance was considered. Although lack of major PFGE type confirmed no P aeruginosa outbreak, typing results showed that cross transmission and treatment failure are the 2 main problems, which should be consider together to prevent this bacterial infection in medical centers.
Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018
Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dangerous, hard to treat pathogen, due to an increasing frequency of resistance to multiple antibiotics. This susceptibility pattern is influenced by multiple factors and it frequently has a regional or local character, different for each hospital or intensive care unit. Methods. We analysed and compared the characteristics of 62 patients and their isolated P. aeruginosa strains, treated in the "Sfânta Parascheva" Infectious Diseases Hospital of Iasi City between January and December 2011 (Group 1-25c) and between January and December 2016 (Group 2-37c). The susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion test; CLSI standards were used. Results. The median age was higher in group 2 (63 years) vs group 1 (52 years, p=0.04), more men were affected in both groups (59.2 vs 57.5%). In group 2 the strains were isolated from urine (50%), sputum (17.5%), wound secretions (15%), blood cultures (10%) or central venous catheters (7.5%); more than half may be of nosocomial origin; the infection mainly occurred in patients with significant comorbidities, long-term hospitalization (median-15 days), ICU care or mechanical ventilation. We did not find a significant increase in the resistance rates in group 2 for the tested antibiotics; they remain high for almost every drug: 55 vs 60% for imipenem, 70 vs 62% for meropenem, 31 vs 41.7% for ceftazidime, 68 vs 75% for ciprofloxacin, 50 vs 42.8% for gentamicin, 63.6 vs 45.8% for amikacin, 46 vs 30% for piperacillin-tazobactam. All isolates were susceptible to colistin. The share of MDR isolates was slightly higher in group 2 (52 vs 61%, p=0.4). The treatment of these infections was difficult, with an average duration of 15 days; 20% of patients died. Conclusions. In our hospital, P. aeruginosa infections appeared predominantly in elderly patients, often in association with medical care, were associated with multidrug resistance to antibiotics and sometimes had a guarded prognosis. The antibiotic susceptibility rates did not vary significantly in the two time intervals that we analysed.
Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 2012
Please cite this article as: Golshani Z, Ahadi AM, Sharifzadeh A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients Referring to Hospitals. Arch Hyg Sci 2012;1(2):48-53. Abstract: Background & Aims of the Study: The aim of this study was to detect and survey the antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa isolated from patients in Isfahan (located in central Iran) hospitals. Materials & Methods : A Total of 50 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from urine, wound, trachea, ear swab, and pus, and then were confirmed by standard tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Susceptibility data were compared by chi-square test using SPSS version 15. Results: Among the isolated strains, resistance to oxacillin was seen in 100%, ceftriaxone in 76%, amikacin in 70%, ceftazidime in 68%, cefepime in 68%, tobramycin in 62%, gentamicin in 60%, ciprofloxacin in 58%, and imipenem in 58...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of surviving in a variety of environmental conditions. Its minimal nutritional requirements and tolerance to varied physical conditions allows it to persist on numerous living and non-living objects. In humans, it is capable of causing infections in people with a compromised immunity or breach of normal physiological barriers. It is strongly associated with wound infections in burns patients, respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients and severe life threatening infections like septicemia in neutropenic patients. 1 P. aeruginosa is increasingly gaining importance as a multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen complicating the treatment of inpatients in a hospital, especially in the ICUs. 2 It has many mechanisms by which it expresses ABSTRACT Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has already gained its profile as a super bug and drug resistant clinical isolates are a challenge for the clinicians who treat those infections. The organism exhibits natural resistance to many of the commonly used antibiotics besides can acquire chromosomal as well as plasmid mediated resistance. Recent reports indicate the emergence of Multi drug resistant strains from various centres and there by underscore the importance of continuous monitoring of the sensitivity patterns. The present study was aimed to monitor the antibiotic profile of P.aeruginosa isolates from a tertiary care centre in South India and to understand the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the organism from this geographical region. Methods: In this study we have screened various specimens like urine, sputum, broncho alveolar lavage (BAL), endotracheal aspirates (ETA), ascetic fluid, pleural fluid, pus and blood for the presence of P. aeruginosa. Identification was done by conventional methods and antimicrobial resistance patterns were analyzed. Results: Eighty six isolates of P.aeruginosa were obtained from various clinical specimens over a period of one year. Most of the isolates were least susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Meropenem (72 percentages each). All isolates were uniformly susceptible to colistin (100 %). The susceptibilities of isolates to other commonly used antibiotics were Ceftazidime 76%, Cefepime 77 %, Imipenem 94%, Amikacin 83%, Gentamicin 77%, Tobramycin 77 %, Netilmicin 77%, Piperacillin tazobactam 91 % and cefaperazone sulbactam 86%. Conclusions: Increasing resistance in P. aeruginosa coupled with its ability to survive a variety of environmental conditions makes it a deadly pathogen, especially in the hospital environment. Constant surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends, administration of appropriate antibiotics, use of combination therapy and simple measures like hand washing have become quintessential for the control of this organism.