Clinical events and echocardiographic lesion progression rate in subjects with mild or moderate aortic regurgitation (original) (raw)

Myocardial Ischemia in Severe Aortic Regurgitation Despite Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2012

Patients with severe aortic regurgitation frequently present with angina pectoris. The exact pathophysiology for angina in aortic regurgitation is not clear. Left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial blood supply-demand mismatch have been the suggested mechanisms to explain ischemia. However, no conclusive clinical study exists to define the incidence of ischemia in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal coronary arteries. We, therefore, investigated the frequency of myocardial ischemia in relation to left ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal coronary arteries. We reviewed the medical records of all patients (n = 311) with aortic valve replacement due to aortic regurgitation between 2007 and 2010. We selected subjects with normal coronary arteries (n =182) for the study purpose, and we identified 35 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy prior to the coronary angiography (19 female and 16 male subjects; age 45.0 ± 8.9 years). Left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation were detected in 9 (26%) and 5 (14%) patients, respectively. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy showed evidence of ischemia in 10 (29%) patients with normal coronary arteries. The presence of ischemia did not relate to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilatation. As a potential mechanism, aortic regurgitation causes backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, hence disturbs coronary flow dynamics. In conclusion, myocardial ischemia is common (nearly one-third) among patients with severe aortic regurgitation even in the absence of coronary obstruction, left ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilatation.

Iatrogenic aortic regurgitation following percutaneous coronary intervention: Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the detection and management

Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 2021

The incidence aortic valve injury during percutaneous coronary intervention is scarce, mostly resulting in acute aortic regurgitation. However, rarely patients may remain asymptomatic in the immediate post-procedure period and present latter with chronic aortic regurgitation. Determining etiology of such an aortic regurgitation may be challenging. We present a case of a 51-year-old man with history of percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease and moderate aortic regurgitation scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement. Intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography was instrumental in deciding etiology of aortic regurgitation that change surgical management of the patient.

The role of echocardiography in coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction

The journal of Tehran Heart Center, 2013

Echocardiography is a non-invasive diagnostic technique which provides information regarding cardiac function and hemodynamics. It is the most frequently used cardiovascular diagnostic test after electrocardiography and chest X-ray. However, in a patient with acute chest pain, Transthoracic Echocardiography is essential both for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome, zeroing on the evaluation of ventricular function and the presence of regional wall motion abnormalities, and for ruling out other etiologies of acute chest pain or dyspnea, including aortic dissection and pericardial effusion. Echocardiography is a versatile imaging modality for the management of patients with chest pain and assessment of left ventricular systolic function, diastolic function, and even myocardial and coronary perfusion and is, therefore, useful in the diagnosis and triage of patients with acute chest pain or dyspnea. This review has focused on the current applications of echocardiography in patients with ...

An isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction and severe tricuspid regurgitation due to occlusion of a non-dominant right coronary artery: role of delayed revascularization

Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi/The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 2010

Introduction: Isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction is an uncommon entity in the spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. It is often overlooked during the assessment of patients suspected to have acute coronary syndrome. Case Presentation: A 58 years old male presented with atypical chest discomfort. The initial ECGs were not supporting. The Echocardiogram revealed an isolated right ventricular myocardial wall motion abonrmality that was initially missed. Coronary angiogram revealed a co-dominant circulation with 100% occlusion of proximal right coronary artery. The distal right coronary artery was receiving collateral from left circulation. Successful angioplasty of right coronary artery was done with almost complete recovery of right ventricular function. Conclusion: The case emphasizes the importance of looking for isolated right ventricular infarction during echocardiography in all cases of suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Severe chronic aortic regurgitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report and literature review

European Heart Journal - Case Reports, 2021

Background Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) is an extremely rare complication after coronary catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where most reported cases have required relatively urgent surgical intervention due to acute-onset AR and cardiac decompensation. Case summary We report a case of a 60-year-old woman that previously presented with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) due to an ostial right coronary artery stenosis. During the course of 2 years, she developed five recurrent NSTEMI due to in-stent thrombosis, necessitating either a new coronary stent or balloon. She developed a chronic severe AR due to a drug-eluting coronary stent protruding from the right coronary artery and underwent successful aortic valve replacement and coronary artery by-pass grafting. Discussion We performed a literature review and identified 16 reported cases of iatrogenic severe aortic regurgitation related to coronary catheterization or percutaneous coronary ...

Two Cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Normal Coronary Arteries

2019

In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure predicts poor prognosis. Myocardial ischemia, particularly of the circumferential sub endocardial region, commonly occurs in patients with severe AS during hemodynamic stress, even in the setting of angiographically documented normal coronary arteries. We report two case patients who experienced of ischemic chest pain with ST-changes and undergoing a coronary angiography but we found normo coronary arteries and echocardiography with nomokinetic. These cases highlight the importance of the correlating between history taking, physical examination and other supporting examination, especially focused on bedside investigation like echocardiography in the management of patients presenting with chest pain.

Pericardial Effusion in a Patient with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Beware of a Hidden Malefactor

Case reports in emergency medicine, 2013

Pericarditis with pericardial effusion in acute coronary syndrome is seen in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction specifically when infarction is anterior, extensive, and Q wave. It is very uncommon to have pericardial effusion in a patient with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We present an elderly hypertensive patient who was diagnosed as non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction with pericardial effusion that turned out to be acute aortic dissection with catastrophic end. We conclude that, in patients with suspected diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina, if pericardial effusion is detected on echocardiography, aortic dissection needs to be considered.