The role of anticipated time pressure in activity scheduling (original) (raw)

Decision-Making under Time Pressure when Rescheduling Daily Activities

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

Generally during the execution of the daily schedule, there is a mismatch between the plan and the reality. Faced with unexpected events, which affect the schedule, individuals need to reschedule their decisions. In such situations, time is an important factor when making a rescheduling decision, as people feel time pressure because of the time threshold. Consequently, the rescheduling decision is made under the individual's own perceived time pressure (PTP). PTP does not only depend on the actual time pressure, but also on the individual's characteristics. The aim of this paper is to establish a model to simulate the individual decision behavior under PTP. Under different levels of PTP, individuals will choose different strategies to make the decision, and there are three decision strategies to consider: optimal, salient and experience.

Activity versus Outcome Maximization in Time Management

Current Opinion in Psychology, 2019

Feeling time-pressed has become ubiquitous. Time management strategies have emerged to help individuals fit in more of their desired and necessary activities. We provide a review of these strategies. In doing so, we distinguish between two, often competing, motives people have in managing their time: activity maximization and outcome maximization. The emerging literature points to an important dilemma: a given strategy that maximizes the number of activities might be detrimental to outcome maximization. We discuss such factors that might hinder performance in work tasks and enjoyment in leisure tasks. Finally, we provide theoretically grounded recommendations that can help balance these two important goals in time management.

Planning behavior and perceived control of time at work

Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2004

This study investigated two mediation models of time management. The first model consisted of parts of model. The second model combined this model with Job Demand-Control model. Two sets of self-report questionnaires were collected and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The first model, in which perceived control of time was hypothesized to fully mediate the relation between planning behavior and work strain, job satisfaction, and job performance, was found to be less adequate than the second model, which added workload and job autonomy as independent variables. Results also indicated that partial, rather than full, mediation of perceived control of time fitted the data best. The study demonstrated the importance of studying both planning behavior and job characteristics, which was not part of past research. found a weak relationship between participation in time management training and one facet of time management behavior, i.e., 'setting goals and priorities,' also referred to as planning behavior.

On the Psychology of Time in Action: Regulatory Mode Orientations and Procrastination

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2011

Six studies explored the relations of the regulatory modes of locomotion and assessment to individuals' tendency toward procrastination. Across academic and organizational contexts, and a variety of ways of assessing procrastination, the authors found assessment to be positively related to procrastination and locomotion to be negatively related to procrastination. Discussion considered implications of these findings to task environments that may instill the tendencies toward locomotion or assessment and to task requirements where timeliness and punctuality are (or are not) prioritized.

Time Pressure and Decision Making

2009

The purpose of the present study was to determine if either time pressure or the perception of the sufficiency of time affects performance on the Iowa Gambling Task.

Activity Travel Planning and Rescheduling Behavior

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2009

ABSTRACT An increasing interest in dynamic activity scheduling could be witnessed in travel behavior research over the past years. This research analyzes the factors influencing the actual activity scheduling process, using detailed activity-travel data from an extensive dataset that was collected in Flanders (Belgium). A first model examines the attributes that influence activity planning; a second model analyzes the factors that affect activity rescheduling. The explanatory variables considered in both models are individual, household, activity and schedule attributes and their impact is analyzed using mixed logit models. Random effects are added to the models to test for within-individual variance.

The Psychology of Procrastination: How We Create Categories of the Future

Paying bills, filling out forms, completing class assignments, or submitting grant proposals – we all have the tendency to procrastinate. We may engage in trivial activities such as watching TV shows, playing video games, or chatting for an hour and risk missing important deadlines by putting off tasks that are essential for our financial and professional security. Not all humans are equally prone to procrastination, and a recent study suggests that this may in part be due to the fact that the tendency to procrastinate has a genetic underpinning. (2) Yet even an individual with a given genetic makeup can exhibit a significant variability in the extent of procrastination. A person may sometimes delay initiating and completing tasks, whereas at other times that same person will immediately tackle the same type of tasks even under the same constraints of time and resources. A fully rational approach to task completion would involve creating a priority list of tasks based on a composite score of task importance and the remaining time until the deadline. The most important task with the most proximate deadline would have to be tackled first, and the lowest priority task with the furthest deadline last. This sounds great in theory, but it is quite difficult to implement. A substantial amount of research has been conducted (3) to understand how our moods, distractability, and impulsivity can undermine the best-laid plans for timely task initiation and completion. The recent research article The Categorization of Time and Its Impact on Task Initiation (4) by the researchers Yanping Tu (University of Chicago) and Dilip Soman (University of Toronto) investigates a rather different and novel angle in the psychology of procrastination: our perception of the future.