CC REL: The Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (original) (raw)
Related papers
XrML -- eXtensible rights Markup Language
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM workshop on XML security -, 2002
ContentGuard, Inc. is committed to promoting and supporting a standard language that will enable content creators, providers, distributors and retailers to express rights and specifications that can be universally interpreted by trusted systems technology platforms. To facilitate this common standard ContentGuard has developed the XrML Specifications for digital rights management software (based on extensive research conducted at the Palo Alto Research Center-PARC) and desires to license the use of the XrML Specifications royalty-free. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR XrML: 1. Enable rapid growth of the eContent industry for all media. 2. Enable XrML to meet the needs of all stakeholders in the eContent industry. 3. Establish a community of practice that is committed to develop a common rights language for use by trusted systems. 4. Enable interoperability across multiple platforms and content types. 5. Encourage interested parties to submit and share XrML Modifications with the community of practice that will extend and enhance the XrML Specifications. 6. Enable future XrML enhancements and modifications to meet the needs of the DRM community, and that the standard does not become fragmented or create commercial advantage for any single party. 7. Establish a XrML Panel of knowledgeable and interested parties, to review the XrML Modifications and make recommendations concerning incorporation of XrML Modifications in the XrML Specifications. 8. This License Agreement does not apply to, dictate or restrict General-purpose APIs (Application Program Interfaces), operating system functions and specifications, or other software that incorporate XrML Specifications. 9. Additional materials will be made available on the xrml.org website from time to time, for example, the DTDs for the XrML Specifications.
Legal Metadata for Semantic Web Applications: Case Creative Commons
2010
Abstract. Sharing of documents on the networks and information retrieval rely on metadata. Making creative works searchable is not the only use for metadata. Legal metadata contributes in lowering content distribution transaction costs but the use of legal metadata leaves several legal issues unaddressed. Creative Commons, an open content licensing system with its flexible copyright licenses has demonstrated the potentialities of legal metadata to encourage access and creativity.
An architecture for the interoperability between Rights Expression Languages based on XACML
Proceedings of the 7th …, 2009
None of the current initiatives to provide interoperability between Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems, such as CORAL or Marlin [13], provide a global solution to enable different devices to render content governed by different DRM systems. Interoperability applies to different aspects of DRM, such as languages for rights expression, digital objects declaration and protection information declaration. We focus on the interoperability between Rights Expressions Languages (RELs). In this area, we have already done some work, including the definition of profiles for the MPEG-21 REL standard. Based on those profiles for specific domains (such as the mobile or broadcasting ones), a couple of approaches have been developed for interoperability between licenses in different RELs, such as the use of extensible style sheets transformations or the use of high level modelling schemas. In order not to be restricted to specific profiles, this paper presents a solution based on the use of a XACML system based architecture to achieve interoperability between RELs. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution showing that the main elements of rights expressions can be expressed in XACML policies without loss of information. Furthermore, instead of translating between different RELs through an intermediate one, we directly map to XACML and perform the authorisation with it. In this way, we do not lose any information conveyed in the input REL.
LicenseScript: A Novel Digital Rights Language and its Semantics
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2003
We propose LicenseScript as a new multiset rewriting/logic based language for expressing dynamic conditions of use of digital assets such as music, video or private data. LicenseScript differs from other DRM languages in that it caters for the intentional but legal manipulation of data. We believe this feature is the answer to providing the flexibility needed to support emerging usage paradigms of digital data. We provide the language with a simple semantics based on traces.
A Linked Term Bank of Copyright-Related Terms
2015
A multi-lingual term bank of copyright-related terms has been published connecting WIPO definitions, IATE terms and definitions from Creative Commons licenses. These terms have been hierarchically arranged, spanning multiple languages and targeting different jurisdictions. The term bank has been published as a TBX dump file and is publicly accessible as linked data. Models for the RDF data structure are based on Lemon and W3C Recommendations. The term bank has been used to annotate common licenses in the RDFLicense dataset.
2007
Digital contents distributed over the internet are regulated by law and by technical management systems. The latter include a semantic component that describes licenses, i.e. rights of use which are granted to the user. These elements of Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems are called Rights Expression Languages (REL), they gather terms and relations needed to build licenses. Some are based on an ontology of online licenses, not necessarily related to applicable law and various legal systems, and cannot interoperate. As a consequence, there is a need for a more generic way to express licenses. Here, generic means that rightholders should only need to express the license they need once, and semi-automatic tools should then translate this license so it can be browsed by any specific system. Hence it implies the necessity to be able to model concept semantics in order to translate a license expressed in generic terms into more specific terms that are compliant with the specific standards used by distribution systems. This work comes as part of larger studies on legal ontologies, legal systems and RELs.
Licensing digital content with a generic ontology
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law - ICAIL '07, 2007
Digital contents distributed over the internet are regulated by law and by technical management systems. The latter include a semantic component that describes licenses, i.e. rights of use which are granted to the user. These elements of Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems are called Rights Expression Languages (REL), they gather terms and relations needed to build licenses. Some are based on an ontology of online licenses, not necessarily related to applicable law and various legal systems, and cannot interoperate. As a consequence, there is a need for a more generic way to express licenses. Here, generic means that rightholders should only need to express the license they need once, and semi-automatic tools should then translate this license so it can be browsed by any specific system. Hence it implies the necessity to be able to model concept semantics in order to translate a license expressed in generic terms into more specific terms that are compliant with the specific standards used by distribution systems. This work comes as part of larger studies on legal ontologies, legal systems and RELs.
LicenseScript: A Novel Digital Rights Language
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2003
We propose LicenseScript as a new multi-set rewriting/logic based language for expressing dynamic conditions of use of digital assets such as music, video or private data. LicenseScript differs from the other DRM languages in that it caters for the intentional but legal manipulation of data. We believe this feature is the answer to providing the flexibility needed to support emerging usage paradigms of digital data.
Resource description framework
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 2001
Universality, the property of the Web that makes it the largest data and information source in the world, is also the property behind the lack of a uniform organization scheme that would allow easy access to data and information. A semantic web, wherein different applications and Web sites can exchange information and hence exploit Web data and information to their full potential, requires the information about Web resources to be represented in a detailed and structured manner. Resource Description Framework (RDF), an effort in this direction supported by the World Wide Web Consortium, provides a means for the description of metadata which is a necessity for the next generation of interoperable Web applications. The success of RDF and the semantic web will depend on (1) the development of applications that prove the applicability of the concept, (2) the availability of application interfaces which enable the development of such applications, and (3) databases and inference systems ...