Unilateral congenital hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery in a newborn: a rare case report (original) (raw)
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Congenital Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery (HICA): A Short Review
2020
Introduction: Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery is a rare developmental abnormality. Because of its rarity, the association, diagnosis and treatment are not uniformly described. Discussion: We discuss the rarity, etiology, clinical presentation, associated conditions, diagnosis and treatment. We review the literature to provide a guide on the approach and management of this silent yet possibly ominous disease. Conclusion: Physicians need to be aware of this rare anomaly and all the various associated conditions, and should use a multi-disciplinary approach with careful long-term follow-up.
Bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery
Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 2011
Agenesis and hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare congenital anomalies, occurring in less than 0.01% of the population. We report a rare case of bilateral hypoplasia of the ICA in a patient with post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. We describe the embryological development of the cerebral vasculature and present a review of literature.
Congenital absence or hypoplasia of the carotid artery: Radioclinical issues
American Journal of Otolaryngology, 2004
Purpose: Congenital anomaly of the carotid artery is a rare abnormality. It is usually discovered incidentally by color Doppler carotid sonography, angiography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck taken for some other reason. Most patients are not symptomatic because of sufficient cerebral circulation supplied to the defective area by the communicating arteries of the circle of Willis, intercavernous anastomosis, communicating arteries from external carotid artery, and by persistent embryologic arteries to the carotid artery territory. However, sometimes, this anatomic variation may eventually lead to some clinical signs and symptoms in particular circumstances in the head and neck of which surgeons are unaware. A retrospective study was designed to emphasize the characteristic radiologic and clinical picture in patients with the congenital absence (agenesis and aplasia) or hypoplasia of the carotid artery, to delineate the associated abnormalities and existing collateral vessels, and to find out its incidence. Material and Methods: Five thousand one hundred cerebral MRI and/or catheter angiograms performed between February 1988 and March 2002 were reviewed for carotid artery abnormality. Results: Seven patients with congenital absence or hypoplasia (4 of these patients were presented with hypoplasia of internal carotid artery [ICA], 3 with absence of ICA) of ICA were identified (0.13%). The radiologic and clinical study of 5 patients with unilateral (3 of these patients were presented with hypoplasia and 2 with absence of ICA) and 2 patients with bilateral (1 was presented with absence of ICA, whereas the other was hypoplasia) congenital abnormality with absence or hypoplasia of ICA demonstrate that those patients are usually asymptomatic and they are diagnosed incidentally. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the combined use of magnetic resonance angiography and CT scanning of the skull base may disclose small but patent ICA. Collateral vessels seem to be usual in such cases, but they may be prominent in cases of acquired vascular occlusion, or increased hemodynamic pressure in dysplastic changes in collateral arteries are known causes of aneurysms. The main vascular supply for the brain in patients with congenitally small (hypoplasia) or absent (agenesis or aplasia) ICA is the vertebrobasilar system in bilateral cases. However, contralateral carotid vessel is the dominant arterial supply for unilateral cases, which has to be borne in mind in surgical interventions to the involved side. (Am J Otolaryngol 2004;25:339-349.
Child's Nervous System
Purpose Due to the fact that the internal carotid artery (ICA) is responsible for nourishing two thirds of the brain volume, our aim was to inspect the morphofunctional consequences of the bilateral lack of this artery. Methods In order to examine this condition, we referred to both the library archive of our Faculty of Medicine and electronic databases of anatomical and clinical reports that included the following keywords: Babsence,^Baplasia,^or Bagenesis^in combination with Binternal carotid artery,B common carotid artery,^or only Bcarotid artery.R esult We found 60 recorded cases of the bilateral ICA absence in the subjects of newborn status to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 20 countries. The following ten parameters were described: the embryological base, terminology, history, incidence, general data, differential diagnosis, collateral circulation, the associated vascular aplasia and/or other variants, pathophysiology, and the importance in praxis. Conclusion This review noted all the cases of the bilateral ICA aplasia published for the past 104 years. Although there were 11.6% of cases of the associated cerebral aneurysms and 1-4 cases of 16 other diseases, approximately one quarter of the cases was without any pathology.
Brain Circulation, 2016
Congenital hypoplasia of bilateral internal carotid arteries (ICAs) is an extremely rare anomaly with less than 25 reported cases in literature till date. We present a case of a 30-year-old primigravida, who developed seizures and subsequently loss of consciousness just few minutes after the delivery of a healthy male child. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case with bilateral ICA hypoplasia presenting in postpartum female who developed infarct in bilateral frontal region and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). On a postpartum three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) angiography, bilateral ICA hypoplasia was confirmed and the manifestations of infarcts were probably the consequence of altered hemodynamics of pregnancy. In conclusion, a patient in her late pregnancy and postpartum period, having nonspecific cerebral symptoms or having suffered a cerebrovascular accident, should not only be evaluated for pregnancy or puerperiumrelated complications but also whenever possible a baseline screening with Doppler study of neck vessels and a noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) angiography of neck and cerebral vessels should be performed to rule out congenital anomalies.
Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia in Two Cases
Clinical Radiology, 2002
Developmental abnormalities of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare and described as agenesis, aplasia or hypoplasia. Congenital abnormalities of the ICA usually present with absence or stenosis of carotid bone canal . This developmental abnormality is frequently found together with other variations, and predominantly aneurysms. We present two cases; one of unilateral and the other bilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery with their computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) appearances.
UNILATERAL INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY HYPOPLASIA INCIDENTALLY FOUND IN ADULT PATIENT
Cukurova Medical Journal, 2012
Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) or pulmonary artery agenesis is a rare congenital disorder presenting with a wide spectrum of symptoms. UAPA is usually associated with cardiac anomalies and surgically treated in childhood. We report a rare case of a 50-year-old woman who was diagnosed with left pulmonary artery agenesis without any other cardiac anomalies. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of undiagnosed cases of UAPA in patients through a chest radiograph that suggests the diagnosis. Confirmation of the diagnosis and anatomic details can be discerned by CT scanning.
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2009
During a routine dissection of the head and neck regions, a right persistent hypoglossal artery was found in a male individual who had died at approximately 40 years of age. This variation is associated with hypoplasia of the right and left vertebral arteries and absence of the right posterior communicating artery. Clinical implications of this variation are described. The article includes a review of the fetal carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, their embryological explanation and associated pathologies.