Clinical case of pregnancy toxaemia and its therapeutic management in a she goat: A case study (original) (raw)
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Successful Medical Management of Pregnancy Toxemia in Goats
Journal of Animal Research, 2019
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs in does and ewes during the late stage of pregnancy. Pregnant does that have low energy levels and having multiple numbers of fetuses are more susceptible to toxaemia. The present study was carried out in twenty five goats in advanced stage of pregnancy with the history of anorexia, torticolis, grinding of teeth, salivation and rigors. On clinical examination of animals, they were dull, depressed with tachycardia, tachypenia, opisthotonus and pale conjunctival mucous membrane. The biochemical parameters revealed hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. Urine samples were collected and urine analysis revealed positive for ketone bodies. The goats were successfully treated with 25% dextrose i/v as a bolus, multiple electrolytes solution containing 5% dextrose i/v, glycerin orally and Vitamin B-complex injection intramuscularly and all the twenty five animals survived. Out of 25 animals medical termination of pregnancy was done in 21 cases and four animals delivered a live kid.
The Bovine Practitioner
Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most common diseases in sheep and goats occurring during the last month of gestation. Clinical signs and blood chemistry findings from 22 clinical cases of pregnancy toxemia in dairy goats are described. All were maintained on a single farm that used an intensive dry-lot production system. Clinical signs observed most consistently were anorexia, ruminal atony, polypnea, drooping ears, a preference for recumbency with reluctance to stand or walk, swelling (subcutaneous edema) of the limbs, inability to stand or walk, and neurological signs. Major blood chemistry results showed decreased potassium, glucose, pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). The prognosis was very poor in goats with a case fatality rate of 86%, even though a caesarean section was performed or kidding was induced, and medical treatments were administered in an attempt to correct the underlying glucose deficit and metabolic acidosis. The mortality...
Irish Veterinary Journal, 2016
Background: Pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is a disease that affects pregnant goats during their last month of gestation and is characterized by a high case fatality rate. This study involved 32 does maintained on a commercial dairy goat farm that were diagnosed with PT. A physical examination was performed on and haematology parameters obtained from each doe, at the time of diagnosis. The data from the 24 PT goats that died was compared with the corresponding data from the 8 PT goats that survived. Results: Polypnea, swollen limbs, anorexia with absence of ruminal motility, recumbency, nervous signs and drooping ears were the most frequently observed clinical manifestations. Nineteen out of 21 recumbent goats died. Sixteen out of 17 goats with anorexia and absence of ruminal motility died. Mean beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) values in the goats that died were not significantly different from those in goats that survived. The blood values for pH and pCO 2 (p < 0.005) as well as for HCO 3 − , BE and K + (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the goats that died than in those that survived. Conclusions: The clinical signs most indicative of a poor prognosis are anorexia with absence of ruminal motility and recumbency. Among the blood parameters to be considered, hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis are the most relevant. Goats with PT have a high mortality and their condition can deteriorate very fast. Based on the authors's experience, a good strategy to minimize the economic losses caused by PT is to focus on the offspring survival rate since an early decision (induction of kidding or caesarian surgery) can increase the number of alive kids.
2021
This study was aimed at evaluating the risk factors, alterations in blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), hemato-biochemical biomarkers for earlier detection of pregnancy toxemia (PT) and comparative efficacy of therapeutic protocols in Beetal goats. A total of (N=100) goats between 120-150 days of gestation were examined. Goats having BHB >3 mmol/L were considered positive for PT by employing FreestyleTM Optium Kit. Risk factors parity, age, body weight, number of fetuses, grazing and housing, were significantly (P<0.05) associated with incidence of PT. Packed cell volume (PCV), WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were significantly higher in aff ected animals. Total protein and albumin were low while ALT, AST, ALP, GGT creatinine and BUN were significantly elevated. Twenty-four diseased goats were divided into two groups. Animals in group A were administered with 10% dextrose and propylene glycol orally, twice a day (BID) for three days. Whereas, in group B aforementioned ...
Evaluation of three therapeutic alternatives for the early treatment of ovine pregnancy toxaemia
Irish veterinary journal, 2015
Ovine pregnancy toxaemia is a common metabolic disorder of ewes due to increased foetal energy requirements in late pregnancy. This pathology is a metabolic condition characterized by hypoglycaemia and hyperketonaemia resulting in the inability of the animal to maintain an adequate energy balance. The response to treatment is effective, if it is started in the early stages of the disease, when irreversible neurological injuries have not yet been established. The aim was to evaluate three therapeutic alternatives to effectively reverse the disease process in its early stages. For this, thirty adult Corriedale ewes, pregnant with a single lamb, were randomly separated in three groups of ten animals each, at day 130 of gestation. From that day onwards, ewes were locked up for forage fasting until glycaemia reached clinical values defining sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemia (1.59 ± 0.24 mmol/L). After fasting, ewes grazed and received a treatment for 4 days: 50 ml i.v. infusions of hyperto...
Biochemical and pathological findings of pregnancy toxemia in Saanen doe: A case report
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2015
A pregnant Saanen doe aging 1.5-year and weighing 40 kg was presented to the Large Animal Unit of Universiti Putra Malaysia Veterinary Hospital with history of inability to stand up. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the animal revealed two live fetuses at late pregnancy. Blood examination revealed decreased lymphocyte numbers, and increased monocytes count. Biochemical analyses showed marked decrease in glucose level and elevated level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). The goat was administered with 200 mL 20% Dextrose (G-20), NaCl solution (at 1.3 mL/animal), Flunixine meglumine (at 2.2 mg/kg bwt), and Vitavet multivitamin (at 1 mL/10 kg bwt). The prognosis of the case was grave, and the goat was sacrificed in order to save the fetuses. However, the fetuses were died within 10 min. Necropsy of the doe showed pale, yellow and friable liver and congested lungs, while histopathological evaluation of the liver showed diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Pregnancy toxemia in doe can be prevented by providing proper nutrition.
Veterinární medicína, 2014
The purpose of this study was to examine selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Seventy five female goats were used and divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 57) (blood serum glucose levels were within the physiological range), Group 2 (n = 11) (serum glucose values were low) and Group 3 (n = 7) (serum glucose values were high). Goats in Groups 2 and 3 were diagnosed with pregnancy toxaemia. Apart from serum glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, blood pH, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in all animals. In Group 3 average Hp and SAA values were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in Groups 1 and 2, and also higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Acute phase proteins in goats with pregnancy toxaemia may ...
Pregnancy toxaemia is one of the most common diseases affecting small ruminants in the last month of gestation. Nearly 80% of the foetal growth occurs in the last 6 weeks of gestation. Fat goats and goats carrying twins and triplets are at greater risk. Pregnancy toxaemia is characterized by metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia and ketonaemia and a very high mortality rate. In our study five does with pregnancy toxaemia showed a marked hyperglycaemia (12.4 ± 5.4 mmol/L). Although our findings are based on a small population sample (10 goats), we nonetheless postulate that hyperglycaemia could be explained by the death of the foetuses. Caesarian surgery was performed on four of the five does with hyperglycaemia (HG does). In the fifth, kidding was induced. In this group, two does had two dead foetuses, two had three dead foetuses and one does had four foetuses, only one of which was alive. Caesarian surgery was performed on all five does with hypoglycaemia (LG does). Four does of the LG...
Acta veterinaria, 2003
A sick ewe in late pregnancy presented with clinical incoordination, lipping, amaurosis, head tilt gait and nervous symptoms such as circling movements. A smell of ketones on the breath was detected. The sick animal died during clinical examination and, together with three more dead animals belonging to the same flock, was submitted to the laboratory for necropsy. The uteri of all pregnant animals contained late-term twin fetuses. The most prominent lesion was extensive fatty infiltration of the liver. Massive lipidosis and lipid vacuoles were seen in sections of the livers. In three brains, there was prominent vacuolation in the white matter. Urine analysis revealed ketonuria in most of the suspected sheep from the same flock. Serum glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were lower (p£0.05) and serum triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were higher (p£0.05) in these sheep than in the controls.
REVIEW ON PREGNANCY TOXEMIA IN SHEEP
with my approval as school advisor. ADVISOR: SIGNATURE : Date of submission: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PT Pregnancy Toxemia BHB BetaHydroxyButayrate BHBA BetaHydroxyButayric Acid NEB Negative Eneregy Balance CSF CerebroSpinalFluid mmol/L Millimol per Litter mg/dl Milligram per Decilitter mm MilliMole BCS Body ConditIon Square Kg KiloGram WK WeeK hr Hour min Minute CNS Centera lNervous System 2 SUMMARY