Pomegranate plasticity to water stress: attempt to understand interactions between cultivar, year and stress level (original) (raw)
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Growth and Productivity of Pomegranate Trees Under Different Irrigation Levels. II: Fruit Quality
This experiment was carried out in two successive seasons 2007 and 2008 on 20 years old of Manfalouty pomegranate (Punica granatum. L) trees gown at El-Kassasien Research Station, Ismailia Governorate in sandy soil under drip irrigation system. The experiment involved the following five treatments: 7, 9, 11 (farm control), 13 or 15 m /tree/season. Fruit length, diameter and volume increased 3 significantly with increasing irrigation level. Fruit weight increased by increasing the irrigation level from 13 to 15m /tree/season respectively and the opposite would be expected by both lower treatments 9 and 7m whereas, 3 3 fruit weight was lower than the farm control. Irrigation level at 13m gave the higher significant fruit juice and 3 fruit grain percentage compared to farm control. Peel thickness, fruit peel and fruit firmness decreased by increasing amount of water. By increasing irrigation levels TSS decreased as the least irrigation treatment 7m /tree/season gave the highest TSS. On the other side, the lowest TSS was achieved by highest irrigation 3 rate 15m /tree/season. Fruit acidity decreased significantly by increasing irrigation treatments from 7m to 3 3 13m /tree/season. Also, a slight raise in acidity was observed by increasing irrigation rate to 15m /tree/season 3 3 as well as farm control (11m) displayed an intermediate values over both seasons. Irrigation treatments at 13m 3 3 showed the highest significant ratio between TSS and acidity, sequenced by 15 m treatments. The moderate 3 TSS/acid ratio was resulted from farm control (11m). Total sugars, V.C. and total anthocyanin gradually 3 decreased by increasing irrigation levels where the least irrigation treatment (7m /tree/season) gave the highest 3 values.
Pomegranate trees performance under sustained and regulated deficit irrigation
Irrigation Science, 2012
This experiment was carried out during 2007 and 2008 seasons on 20 years old pomegranate trees of Manfalouty cultivar. Trees under investigation were grown in a sandy soil at El-Kassasien Research Station, Ismailia Governorate. The trees received humic acid (32-48gm / tree/season) or amino acids (8-16 gm/ tree/ season) incorporated with irrigation levels 7 and 9m /tree/year in comparison to farm control (11m). The results 3 3 showed that, shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, leaf area, number of flowers per shoot, fruit set percentage, fruit retention percentage, number of fruits per tree and yield (kg/tree) significantly increased by increasing water level from 7 and 9 to 11m. On the other side increasing irrigation water amount from 7 and 3 9 to 11m decreased fruit drop percentage significantly. Increasing humic acid doses from 32 to 48g and amino 3 acids from 8 to 16g/tree enhanced vegetative growth and fruiting. When the lower water levels 7 or 9m /tree/ 3 season were supplemented by the higher doses of either humic acid (48g) or amino acids (16g) all studied parameters were improved.
This investigation was carried out through two successive seasons of 2007 and 2008 on 20 years old pomegranate trees of Manfalouty cultivar for studying the effect of different irrigation levels on vegetative growth and fruiting. Trees under investigation were grown in a sandy soil at El-Kassasien Research Station, Ismailia Governorate. The trees received the following five irrigation levels: 7 or 9 or 11 (control) or 13 and 15m /tree/year. The results indicated that, the highest irrigation level of 15m /tree/year induced vegetative 3 3 growth by increasing shoot length, number of leaves per shoot and leaf area. Also it increased number of flowers per shoot, fruit set, fruit retention, yield and fruit cracking. Using irrigation level of 13m /tree/year 3 recorded the highest water use efficiency (WUE) and gave the lowest fruit cracking. Meanwhile, using the lowest irrigation level of 7m /tree/year decreased shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, leaf area and yield 3 with increasing fruit cracking.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit response to different deficit irrigation conditions
Agricultural Water Management, 2012
No information exits on the effects of water stress on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits. In this paper, the influence of three irrigation treatments on the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of adult pomegranate trees was studied. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated (60% ETo from the beginning of the season to the end of the first half of linear fruit growth phase, 117% ETo during the second half of linear fruit growth phase and 99% ETo during the end of fruit growth and ripening phase) in order to guarantee non-limiting soil water conditions, T1 plants were drip irrigated according to the criteria frequently used by the growers in the area (32% ETo from the beginning of the season to the end of the first half of linear fruit growth phase, 74% ETo during the second half of linear fruit growth phase and 36% ETo during the end of fruit growth and ripening phase) and T2 plants were irrigated as T1, except during the second half of linear fruit growth phase, in which irrigation was withheld. To ensure the recovery of T2 plants re-irrigation was performed at the levels used in T0. T1 plants achieved a moderate water stress level, whereas T2 plants achieved a more pronounced water stress level, from which they completely recovered when plants were rewatered. During ripening the peel of pomegranate fruits changes to show higher luminosity and greater red saturation. Also, the colour of the arils changes to a more perceptible red colour as a consequence of the increasing total anthocyanin content. However, neither the intense red colour of the arils nor their total phenolic compounds content was correlated with the juice antioxidant capacity. Considerable differences were observed in the response of pomegranate fruits to both deficit irrigation treatments. In this sense, fruits from T1 plants showed a decrease in fruit growth, leading to a lower final fruit size and lower total yield, and some changes in colour and chemical characteristics, which reflected earlier ripening. In contrast, a more pronounced water stress during the second half of the fruit growth phase (T2) was more critical for fruit size than for the chemical characteristics of the fruit, probably because under this situation carbon assimilation should be allocated to the synthesis of primary metabolites, which did not exceeded the amount used for fruit growth to the detriment of the synthesis of carbon-based secondary metabolites.
Water-Yield Relationship of Zivzik Pomegranate Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions
2017
The Southeastern Anatolia Region meets approximately 10% of Turkey's pomegranate production. Siirt region pomegranate cultivation has a great importance within the region. The production of Zivzik pomegranate, a local variety of the region, was significantly increased in the last 10 years with projects and public contributions. Although there are many problems encountered in pomegranate cultivation, irregularity in irrigation programs that causes cracking in them has a significant value. In this study it was aimed to achieve the irrigation program of Zivzik pomegranate which is especially cultivated in Siirt region. The experiment was carried out in the experimental design of split plots in randomised block design with three replications, the irrigation interval was placed in the main plots, and the irrigation levels were placed in the sub-plots. Each experimental treatment was composed of 4-year-old 15 trees planted at 3x3.5 m intervals, measurements and observations were obtai...
Deficit irrigation quality pomegranate Peña et al. PBT 13
In this study, the influence of sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 32% of reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 )) on physicochemical and sensory quality and bioactive compounds of pomegranates stored for 30, 60 and 90 days in air at 5 • C + 4 days at 15 • C, at each storage period, was studied and compared to a control (100% ET 0 ). Fruit from SDI had higher peel redness and greater firmness, soluble solids contents, vitamin C (27%), phloretin (98%) and protocatechuic acid (10%) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (46%) than the control. Cold storage and shelf-life did not induce significant changes in soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and chroma and Hue. SDI fruit had retarded development of chilling injury (CI) symptoms, which appeared after 60 days of storage in comparison to 30 days in the controls. Anthocyanins, catechin, phloretin and protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids contents had greater increases in SDI fruit than in controls throughout the postharvest life. TAC was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to anthocyanins, gallic acid and total vitamin C contents. Generally, after long term storage, the fruit grown under SDI showed higher sensory and nutritional quality, more health attributes and a longer shelf-life (up to 90 days at 5 • C + 4 at 15 • C) than fruit irrigated at 100% ET 0 .
Effects of Drought and Salinity on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Pomegranate Tree
2016
About half of the irrigated land in the world is affected by salinity and sodium or flooding. Both salinity and drought stress cause plants limited access to water and reduction of the growth rate of plants is associated with metabolic changes. Pomegranate is one of the plants that are planted in arid and semi-arid areas. Pomegranate is native to Iran and has highest acreage in the producing pomegranate among countries. To study the combined effects of salinity and drought stress on water use efficiency and crop yield in years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 pilot projects at the Islamic Azad University of Ferdows on four years pomegranate trees was carried out. Key factors include five different irrigation amount and three levels of irrigation water salinity. At the end of the second year total yield and efficiency of pomegranate juice consumption was measured. The results showed that the crop yield and water use efficiency significantly affected by salinity and drought stresses were appli...
Scientia Horticulturae, 2017
In order to screen pomegranate cultivars for drought tolerance, few rapid, less expensive and reliable methods were used. Two-year-old pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) plants of various commercial cultivars namely Rabab-e-Neyriz' ('Rabab'), 'Shishe-cape -Ferdows' ('Shishecap'), 'Malas-e-Saveh' (M-Saveh), 'Malas-e-Yazdi' ('M-Yazdi'), and 'Ghojagh-e-Qom' ('Ghojagh') were grown in large containers filled with a mixture of leaf mould, sand, and soil (1:1:1, by volume) in greenhouse. The plants were subjected to 14-day drought stress by withholding irrigation, followed by re-watering for 7 days. Midday stem water potential (stem), leaf relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), leaf dry mass per area (LMA), rapid test for drought tolerance (DTI), gas exchange parameters including net photosynthesis (A n), leaf scale transpiration (T r), and stomatal conductance (g s), and intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) were determined in well-watered and drought-stressed plants. All cultivars showed an ability to tolerate drought stress, but 'Ghojagh' exhibited more tolerance, with a higher RWC and stem and a greater osmotic adjustment. 'Ghojagh' also revealed higher cell membrane stability and IWUE and a lower reduction in net CO 2 assimilation rate. This study found that 'M-Yazdi' was more vulnerable to severe water stress, and displayed the lowest degree of cell membrane stability as compared to the other examined cultivars and showed no recovery for RWC at the end of recovery period.
Plants
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit tree that is globally distributed, especially in warm areas with low annual rainfall and limited water availability. This species exemplifies the critical role of water in agriculture and the need for efficient irrigation practices due to its characteristics, cultivation requirements, and geographic diffusion. In this study, we investigated the effects of drip irrigation and mulching on the vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality attributes of pomegranate. The experiment involved three irrigation regimes (100% of evapotranspiration, 80%, and 60%) and three mulching treatments (no mulch, plastic mulch, and organic mulch) in a factorial combination. Both irrigation and mulching had significant positive influences on the yield and fruit quality attributes. Specifically, deficit irrigation strategies showed a negative impact on the fruit yield per tree, with a greater effect observed as the severity of the irrigation deficit increased. Mul...
Scientia Horticulturae, 2019
Drought and cold temperature as the most important abiotic factors reduce the agricultural productivity in the world. In this research, the influence of irrigation levels on biochemical changes and cold hardiness of two commercial Iranian pomegranate cultivars ('Shishecap' and 'Malas-Yazdi') investigated during 2016 and 2017. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was used with three irrigation treatments including full irrigation (control), 75% of crop water requirement (moderate stress) and 50% of crop water requirement (severe stress). At the end of the growing season, some biochemical traits such as proline, soluble carbohydrate, starch, and total phenolic content as well as antioxidant activity and 50% lethal temperature (LT50) were measured in pomegranate stems. Proline, total phenolics, soluble carbohydrate content and antioxidant activity increased and starch content decreased with reducing the irrigation level. The most autumn cold hardiness in November for 'Shishecap' (−16.26°C and −15.56°C, respectively for the first and second year) and 'Malas-Yazdi' (−13.50°C and −12.33°C, respectively for the first and second year) was found in control trees, and the lowest cold hardiness for 'Shishecap' (−12.63°C and −11.65°C, respectively for the first and second year) and 'Malas-Yazdi' (−12.85°C and −11.50°C, respectively for the first and second year) were recorded in severe stressed plants. Winter cold hardiness in 'Shishecap' was affected by irrigation levels during both years; however in 'Malas-Yazdi', it was affected by irrigation levels only in the first year of study. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficients, starch content had a positive correlation with cold hardiness at the end of the growing season. Also, correlation coefficients between soluble carbohydrate and LT50 in November (r = 0.82, P ≤ 0.001) were negative. Therefore, it can be concluded that irrigation levels affect the pomegranate trees cold hardiness. Full irrigation resulted in an increase in the cold hardiness in the pomegranate trees, depending on cultivar.