Parametric Analysis of Tube during Bending Operation (original) (raw)
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Predicting the bending limit of AA8112 tubes using necking criterion in manufacturing of bent tubes
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016
Nowadays, thin-walled tube bending at small bending ratios is a production process widely used in advanced industries. This research has been carried out to obtain the smallest bending ratio, and maximum applicable internal pressure in Hydro-rotary draw bending of thin-walled AA8112 alloy tube using necking criterion. To accomplish the objective, equivalent plastic strain of extrados critical region has been selected for necking criterion. The results showed that the selected necking criterion would be able to successfully determine the onset of rupture in bending. In order to validate FE simulation, the effects of bending ratio and internal pressure on defects, such as cross-section ovality and thickness changing, have also been investigated through simulation in ABAQUS software and experiments.
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Tubular pipe structures have been used in various applications-domestic, aviation, marine, manufacturing and material testing. The applications of tubular pipes have been considered greatly in the installation of tubular pipes, marine risers and pipe bending. For the investigation of plastic strains and the mechanical behaviour of a tube under bending, considerations were made utilising an exponent model with assumptions on the plane strain. The bending moment, wall thickness effect, cross-sectional distribution, stresses during bending and neutral layer boundaries were all presented as necessary theoretical formulations on the physics of tubular pipe bending. This model was based on the analytical and numerical investigation. In principle, the application can be observed as the spooling of pipes, bending of pipes and reeling. Comparisons were made on two models developed on the finite element analysis in Simscale OpenFEA, namely the linear-elastic and the elasto-plastic models. Thi...
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Tube bending is a widely used manufacturing process in the aerospace, automotive, and various other industries. Cold bending of metal tubes is very important production method considering that metal tubes are widely used in a great variety of engineering products, such as automobile, aircraft, air conditioner, air compressor, exhaust systems, fluid lines. During tube bending, considerable in-plane distortion and thickness variation occurs. This paper deals with the study of Rotary Draw Tube Bending process and the Finite Element Analysis and Simulation of Rotary Draw Tube Bending of a seamless metal tube for the analysis of spring back effect. Mathematical and Experimental analysis of spring back are carried out and results are compared. By applying the theory on pure beam bending deformation, the mathematical model of spring back for pipe bending deformation is established. The Simpson's rule is applied for solving the radius in spring back. The paper also covers the modeling o...
IAETSD-STUDY AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NON LINEAR BEHAVIOUR OF PIPE BEND WITH OVALITY
the present study performed a series of experiments using real-scale experimentation process to evaluate the effects of load variation with respect to ovality for various schedule numbers such as SCH 40 long radius, SCH 40 short radius and SCH 80 short radius bends with and without internal pressure. The experiments has been conducted at ambient temperature within elastic limit of the bend for under in-plane opening & in-plane closing bending moments and also out of plane clockwise & out of plane anticlockwise bending moments. The experiments included to calculate the displacement as well as percentage change in ovality in the intrados, crown and extrados regions of the bend. The displacement in the intrados and extrados region increased almost linearly with respect to load for both inplane and out of plane bending moments. This allowable limit loads and ovality are suggested for different diameters of pipe bends and for different pipe material. This helps in avoiding rejection of pipes due to insufficient wall thickness. The mathematical results and software results are compared with experimental results to get the optimised output.
Rotary draw bending of small diameter copper tubes: predicting the quality of the cross-section
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2011
The purpose of the present work is to study the correlation between the main geometrical tube parameters of the rotary draw bending process and the resulting quality of the cross-section of small hydraulic pipings. The method of choice, named free rotary draw bending, is a rotary draw bending process where no internal support from an internal mandrel or plug is possible, because hydraulic tubes cannot be lubricated on their internal diameter. Furthermore, no axial boosting of the tube or of the pressure die is applied. Free bending is mainly used when small-diameter tubes are involved, with high length and relatively thin walls. A unique quality estimator QCS of the cross-section geometry of bent tubes has been developed, which is able to synthetically represent the main functional and aesthetical properties of tubes: the maximum ovalization, the minimum hydraulic diameter, and so on. In the case of copper tubes for hydraulic applications a strongly deformed cross-section after bend...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Rotating draw twisting (RDB) is among the best-known techniques utilized for cylinder shaping. Twisting profiles are utilized in most mechanical fields, including car design, aeronautic design, plant building, fluid transport, heat exchangers and many other sectors. Ovalization affects the nature of cylinder bowing. It occurs in the cross segment of the cylinder in the wake of bowing when the cylinder has twisted without a mandrel, or with a change of mandrel structure. This paper examines the ovalization phenomenon in cylinder bowing with turning draw twisting procedure and utilizing distinctive material properties (types of material: 1.4301(2x40), 1.0036(2x40), 6060T7(2.5x40), 1.4301(4x40), 1.0038(4x40), 1.5415(7.1x51) and 1.7380(7.1x51)). The finite element method (FEM) and experimental tests are applied to compute the ovalization proportions. This investigation helps to distinguish the impact of the material properties.
In free bending process, the axis shape of bent tube is determined by the motion path of bending die. The bent tubes with different bending radii and bending directions can be integrally formed at one time by continuously adjusting the position and posture of die. To accurately form the pre-designed bent tube, the formation mechanism of bending arc of tube in free bending process was analyzed. The mathematical model between bending radius and deflection was established and the moving direction of bending die was also determined according to the plane space azimuth where the bending arc segment is located. The formation process of transition segments with variable curvature and variable bending direction is illustrated during the movement of bending die and the influence law of transition segment on the axis shape was also explored. By comparing the axis deviation of experimental and simulate bent tubes, the length of transition segment and the moving path of bending die can be optim...
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SPRING BACK AND WRINKLING PHENOMENA IN SQUARE PIPES DURING BENDING
Bending operation is one of the crucial steps in producing a variety of industrial products. The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a pipe bending die for making square shaped pipes. Design of the die is done in such a way that it can replace the circular pipe bending die in the metal forming lab of CBIT. This increases the utility of the machine and helps to calculate the bending load, spring back and wrinkling effect for a given size and thickness of square pipe. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of bend angle on spring back by varying the thickness of square pipe. Also, an effort is made to reduce the wrinkling effect occurring in square pipes during bending process. The studies reveal that spring back increases with increase in bend angle and with increase in pipe thickness spring back decreases.