Detection and Identification of Eimeria species in Naturally Infected Calves at Assiut Governorate (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most common livestock diseases worldwide, and usually affects cattle under one-year-old. High infection rates occur from environments that were already contaminated with infected animals. A study on the prevalence, species and risk of occurrence of Eimeria species in calves was conducted at Asella, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Management systems, breed, age, sex, and site were considered as variables for the surveillance. For this, fecal samples were collected from 384 randomly selected calves of age less than or equal to 12 months. Sporulation was applied at room temperature for 10-14 days. The flotation technique was applied on fecal samples and these were examined using direct microscopic examination to detect presence of Eimeria species. Eimeria oocysts weredetected in 72.4% of the total samples with ranges of 68-100% prevalence in all factors considered. Ten different Eimeria species were identified: E. bovis (44.5%), E. zuernii (26.3%), E. auburnensis (10.9), E. canadensis (9.4%), E. ellipsoidalis (5.7%), E. subspherica (6.5%), E. cylindrical (3.1%), E. alabamensis (2.6%), E. wyomingensis (2.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.1%) in decreasing order of prevalence. Of the 278 positive calves, 52.2% were infected with single species, while 47.8% were infected with 2-4 of identified species. Significantly lower prevalence in calves fed colostrums (71.2%) than those not fed colostrum (100%) (χ2 = 6.3; p <0.05) were observed in early birth. However, no statistical association in infection was observed within all other risk factors considered (p >0.05). Infection with one or more species was found to be insignificant in sex, feeding system, and cleaning frequency (p >0.05). The present finding showed the role of early colostrum feeding in a remarkable reduction of coccidiosis. However, the majority of assessed factors had a great contribution for the contamination and maintenance of Eimeria on the farm and its primes at 68.4%-100%, with high risk of infection to subsequent calves. Moreover, the occurrence of infection, with single (52.2%) to multiple of four (1.4%) pathogenic Eimeria spp. in positive cases, indicated the downside of substandard management systems, making calves prone to subclinical cases thus hampering growth and health, with considerable economic losses. Therefore, early feeding with sufficient amount of colostrum, practicing good management in calves and implementation of proper hygienic measures in their environments should be recommended to reduce direct and indirect economic losses from the infection.
Parasitology International, 2005
Two studies were conducted in the Eimeria zuernii infection model in order to investigate the pathology of E. zuernii coccidiosis and the efficacy of toltrazuril (Baycox 5% suspension) in this infection. For this purpose, a total of 30 calves were infected experimentally with E. zuernii oocysts and faecal samples taken regularly from the rectum and examined for faecal consistency and oocyst excretion. Six of the calves underwent pathological examination at various points in time after infection. Significant macroscopic and microscopic changes were demonstrated and parasitic stages were identified in the intestinal mucosa of infected calves during the late prepatent and patent period. Inflammatory reactions revealed by light microscopy were confirmed by electron microscopical investigations. Treatment of calves with toltrazuril during the late prepatent period resulted in significantly lower frequencies of diarrhoea and levels of oocyst excretion, and weight gain was significantly higher than in shamtreated animals.
Prevalence of Eimeria spp. in calves from dairy farms in northern Paraná state, Brazil
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria, 2018
Bovine coccidiosis is a disease of major importance in cattle herds across the world. The disorder mainly affects young calves, and E. bovis and E. zuernii are considered the most pathogenic species of the genus, however, E. alabamensis have been described in grazing calves. In this study, the prevalence of Eimeria spp. was evaluated in calves on dairy farms in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Four hundred calves on 44 dairy farms were tested for the presence of coccidian oocysts. The positives were re-examined and the oocysts were morphometrically analyzed for species identification. All the farms were contaminated and 205 animals (51.25%) presented Eimeria spp. oocysts. Among these, 146 animals (71.22%) were co-infected by two or more species of coccidia. Ten species of Eimeria were identified: E. bovis (in 30.25% of the positive samples), E. alabamensis (26.75%), E. zuernii (22.00%), E. ellipsoidalis (18.50%), E. auburnensis (13.75%), E. canadensis (8.00%), E. ...
Incidence and therapeutic management of Eimeria species infection in Murrah buffalo calves
Buffalo Bulletin
The present study was undertaken to examine the incidence of Eimeria species infection in Murrah buffalo calves and evaluate the therapeutic management of the disease. In November 2019, 9 to 10 buffaloes calves up to 3 months of age showed symptoms of diarrhoea, loss of appetite, and poor weight gain at an organised dairy farm. Based on history, faecal samples were collected from 20 buffaloes calves and subjected to standard qualitative coprological examination and quantitative analysis using a modified McMaster technique. Out of 20 faecal samples, 90% were positive for coccidia oocysts. Among positive samples, 11% were heavily infected and 16% had a moderate level of infection of Eimeria spp. Six species of Eimeria were identified, E. bareillyi was the most often encountered species, accounting for 37.39%, followed by E. bovis (22.76%), E. zuernii (14.63%), E. ellipsoidalis (13.82%), E. canadensis (13.82%), and E. cylindrica (6.50%). Blood examination of mild and severely affected ...
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in and around Haramaya district including Haramaya University dairy farm to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis in calves and associated risk factors. Fecal sample were collected from a total of 384 calves with the age of birth to 12 months old by random selection. After collection, the samples were chained with cold and transported to laboratory and examined for the presence of Eimeria oocysts by floatation techniques. For positive sample, a solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate (K Cr O) was added to the feces containing the oocysts for sporulation and 2 2 7 identification of the species. Out of 384 calves, 122 (31.8%) were found to be positive for Eimeria species. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in prevalence of coccidiosis among the various age categories, management system and hygiene status of calves. However, the sex, body condition of the animals and breed was not significantly associated (P>0.05) with the infection by coccidiosis. A total of 6 species were identified namely Eimeria bovis (22.7%), Eimeria zuernii (17.2%), Eimeria auburnensis (11.7%), Eimeria Canadensis (7%), Eimeria ellipsoidalis (5.5%) and Eimeria cylindrical (3.4%), in order of their relative prevalence. Percentage of single and multiple-species infection of Eimeria species has been investigated on infected calves. Out of the 122 calves positive for Eimeria species, 22.9% were infected with single species, while 55.7%, 14.8% , and 6.6% were found to be infected with two, three and four species respectively. Generally 77.1% were infected with multiple Eimeria species, which were found in this study. The multiple-species infections per positive sample ranged from two to four species.
Clinical coccidiosis in calves and its treatment
2018
A total of three cases, around two month old non-descript calves, were brought to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Jabalpur in the month of January and February 2018 with a history of inappetence and bloody diarrhoea for last 2-3 days. On clinical examination, calves were found rough hair coat, dehydration, weakness, dry muzzle, pale mucous membrane, low body temperature and blood mixed faeces attached to the perineum regions. Samples were collected per rectum and brought to the Department of Veterinary Parasitology and processed for standard qualitative and quantitative examination. Parasitological examination of the faecal sample revealed the presence of coccidian oocysts and after sporulation, a total five Eimeria species were identified. Eimeria zuernii was found to be the most predominant species followed by Eimeria pellita like, Eimeria subspherica, Eimeria alabamensis and Eimeria bovis. The affected calves were treated with Biotrim @ 3-4 ml IV and supportive medication f...
Symbiosis online journal of veterinary sciences, 2018
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2014 up to March 2015 in Haramaya University, Haramaya and Harar towns to determine the prevalence of Eimera infection in calves. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 266 calves between the ages of 1 day to 6 month. Samples were examined for the presence of Eimeria oocyst by flotation techniques. Out of 266 calves, 65(24.4 %) were found to be positive for Eimeria infection. There were statistically significant differences (ρ< 0.05) in the prevalence of Eimeria between calves with different fecal consistency, hygienic status of the farm and calf housing. Diarrheic calves had significantly higher prevalence than calves with soft and normal feces. Poor hygienic status in the farm increased the prevalence of Eimeria infection and calves kept mixed with other animals of the herd had higher prevalence (35.33 %) of Eimeria infection than calves separately housed (13.53 %) with their peers. No statistically significant prevalence difference (P>0.05) was observed between calves of different sex, age and farm size. In conclusion, the study revealed that calf eimeiosisis was prevalent in Haramaya University, Haramaya and Harar towns Dairy farms and consequently affects the productivity of the sector. Hence, appropriate disease prevention and control measures are require to be undertaken to reduce its effect.
Eimeria Infection in Sheep and Dairy Cattle in
2017
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 in Akaki Kality subcity of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia, to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria infection in cattle and sheep. A total of 384 randomly selected cattle and sheep fecal samples were collected and examined by centrifugal flotation technique using Sheather's sugar solution to detect the oocysts of Eimeria. Accordingly, the overall prevalence was 57.3% with the prevalence of 55.0 % in cattle and 59.8% in sheep showing relatively higher prevalence in ovine than in bovine. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the occurrence of infection between the two animal species; neither of sex and body condition of study animals showed the significance. Significant difference (P= 0.0007 in cattle and P = 0.005 in sheep) was observed between age groups with high prevalence in young animals than in adults. There was also strong significant difference (P<0.001 in bo...
Bovine eimeriosis in Swedish calves: Epidemiology and insights into sampling procedures
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2015
Bovine eimeriosis is a common, globally distributed infection in housed calves aged from 3 to 12 weeks. To date, no national prevalence study revealing the occurrence and distribution of Eimeria species under Swedish environmental and farming conditions has been performed. This study revealed the excretion of Eimeria bovis or Eimeria zuernii (alone or together) in 23% of all sampled calves (N = 541) and 61% of all herds (N = 99). The number of tested calves was critical for whether positive calves were detected or not. Nine other Eimeria species were identified, the most frequently reported being Eimeria ellipsoidalis (9% and 35% of positive calves and herds, respectively) and Eimeria auburnensis (4% and 19% of positive calves and herds, respectively). Not all calves shedding oocysts had diarrhoea and not all diarrhoeic calves shedded oocysts. Based on these present findings, Swedish cattle practitioners should include bovine eimeriosis as a relevant differential diagnosis to other common gastrointestinal pathogens in 3 to 12 weeks old calves with diarrhoea or unthrifty calves without diarrhoea. When testing a herd for bovine eimeriosis, a sufficient number of faecal samples, i.e. 10 or more samples, should be examined to obtain a reliable picture of the infection status in a given farm.