Model study on the influence of plant design, photochemistry and meteorology on atmospheric concentrations of nitrosamines and nitramines in vicinity of an amine-based CO 2 capture facility (original) (raw)
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Important disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it.
Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling of Amine Emissions from Post Combustion CO2 Capture Technology
Energy Procedia, 2014
Emissions from post combustion CO 2 capture plants using amine solvents are of concern due to their adverse impacts on the human health and environment. Potent carcinogens such as nitrosamines and nitramines resulting from the degradation of the amine emissions in the atmosphere have not been fully investigated. It is, therefore, imperative to determine the atmospheric fate of these amine emissions, such as their chemical transformation, deposition and transport pathways away from the emitting facility so as to perform essential risk assessments. More importantly, there is a lack of integration of amine atmospheric chemistry with dispersion studies. In this work, the atmospheric chemistry of the reference solvent for CO 2 capture, monoethanolamine, and the most common degradation amines, methylamine and dimethylamine, formed as part of the post combustion capture process are considered along with dispersion calculations. Rate constants describing the atmospheric chemistry reactions of the amines of interest are obtained using theoretical quantum chemistry methods and kinetic modeling. The dispersion of these amines in the atmosphere is modeled using an air-dispersion model, ADMS 5. A worst case study on the UK's largest CO 2 capture pilot plant, Ferrybridge, is carried out to estimate the maximum tolerable emissions of these amines into the atmosphere so that the calculated concentrations do not exceed guideline values and that the risk is acceptable.
2016
Important disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it.
Emissions from CO2 capture plants; an overview
Energy Procedia, 2013
In the last few years there has been a growing focus on emissions from post-combustion CO 2 capture plants. The main concern has been that plant emissions may result in a buildup of nitrosamines and nitramines in the environment. These compounds are carcinogenic and may form from reactions between amines and NOx. Nitrosamines and nitramines may be emitted from a CO 2 capture plant or may form in the atmosphere as a result of emissions of amines or other degradation products. The present work will summarize the issue, discuss the current state of knowledge and identify remaining knowledge gaps.
Chemical Society Reviews, 2012
This critical review addresses the atmospheric gas phase and aqueous phase amine chemistry that is relevant to potential emissions from amine-based carbon capture and storage (CCS). The focus is on amine, nitrosamine and nitramine degradation, and nitrosamine and nitramine formation processes. A comparison between the relative importance of the various atmospheric sinks for amines, nitrosamines and nitramines is presented.
Emission Results of Amine Plant Operations from MEA Testing at the CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad
Energy Procedia, 2014
Extensive atmospheric emission monitoring has been conducted at the CO 2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM DA) during amine based post-combustion CO 2 capture. The TCM DA amine plant was operated with an aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent system, treating flue gas from a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. Emission monitoring was conducted by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analyzer, a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) analyzer, and manual isokinetic sampling followed by off-line analysis in the laboratory. Atmospheric emissions of MEA were very low throughout the entire campaign, ranging from a few to a few hundred parts per billion (ppb, 1 ppb = 10-9 v/v). Atmospheric emissions of MEA amine based degradation products such as nitrosamines and nitramines were below detectable levels. Atmospheric emissions of ammonia (NH 3) were in the low ppm range. Methylamine was emitted at low ppb range. Absorber wash water sections were found to effectively reduce atmospheric emissions from amine based solvent system.
Environmental Science & Technology, 2002
Capture and sequestration of CO 2 from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Performance and cost models of an amine (MEA)-based CO 2 absorption system for post-combustion flue gas applications have been developed, and integrated with an existing power plant modeling framework that includes multipollutant control technologies for other regulated emissions. The integrated model has been applied to study the feasibility and cost of carbon capture and sequestration at both new and existing coal-burning power plants. The cost of carbon avoidance was shown to depend strongly on assumptions about the reference plant design, details of the CO 2 capture system design, interactions with other pollution control systems, and method of CO 2 storage. The CO 2 avoidance cost for retrofit systems was found to be generally higher than for new plants, mainly because of the higher energy penalty resulting from less efficient heat integration, as well as sitespecific difficulties typically encountered in retrofit applications. For all cases, a small reduction in CO 2 capture cost was afforded by the SO 2 emission trading credits generated by amine-based capture systems. Efforts are underway to model a broader suite of carbon capture and sequestration technologies for more comprehensive assessments in the context of multi-pollutant environmental management.
2015
Processes of post combustion CO2 capture using amine based solvents generate nitrogenous compounds. Among these products, carcinogenic nitrosamines are of great concern due the potential impacts on the environment and human health. Trace analysis of nitrosamines in simple matrices such as water is well described in standard methods[1] However, measuring nitrosamines in CO2 capture processes matrices is much more challenging since nitrosamines, which are formed to small concentrations as solvent degradation products, may be present in solvent, wash waters, and atmospheric emissions. Within the FP7 OCTAVIUS project, 2 international round robins on the analysis of 9 nitrosamines in solvent matrices and the atmospheric emissions from the EnBW pilot plant in Heilbronn (Germany) were organized. The first round robin test was performed on solvent matrices. The analytical methods of the laboratories involved were compared using synthetic spiked samples and real liquid samples obtained from ...
Amine-based CO2 capture technology development from the beginning of 2013-a review
ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2015
It is generally accepted by the scientific community that anthropogenic CO2 emissions are leading to global climate change, notably an increase in global temperatures commonly referred to as global warming. The primary source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels for energy. As society's demand for energy increases and more CO2 is produced, it becomes imperative to decrease the amount emitted to the atmosphere. One promising approach to do this is to capture CO2 at the effluent of the combustion site, namely, power plants, in a process called postcombustion CO2 capture. Technologies to achieve this are heavily researched due in large part to the intuitive nature of removing CO2 from the stack gas and the ease in retrofitting existing CO2 sources with these technologies. As such, several reviews have been written on postcombustion CO2 capture. However, it is a fast-developing field, and the most recent review papers already do not include the state-of-t...