Evaluation of effect of warm local anesthetics on pain perception during dental injections in children: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial (original) (raw)
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Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2019
This study was performed to assess the efficacy of external cooling and vibration devices on the pain of injections applied to the site of local anesthesia in children during dental treatment. Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was conducted with 60 children requiring mandibular baby teeth extraction. The children in the experimental group were anesthetized after cold application, and a vibration device was administered on the application site 2 minutes before and during the anesthesia process, whereas those in the control group were only given local mandibular anesthesia without any other procedure. Findings: It was found that the mean pain score was lower in the experimental group with a significant difference between the groups (P < .05). Conclusions: This study found that the application of external cooling and vibration on the site of local anesthesia had a significant effect on the injection pain experienced by children during dental treatment.
Effect of Pre-Cooling the Injection Site on Pain Perception in Paediatric Dentistry
2021
Objective: To compare the mean Sound, Eye and Motor (SEM) score of pre cooling and topical application atinjection site in pediatric patients. Study Design: A quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, from Sep to Dec 2017. Methodology: Sixty four paediatric patients aged between 8-12 who needed dental anaesthesia were randomlydivided into two groups A and B. Subjects in group A were applied topical anaesthesia at the injection site for one minute before needle penetration and in group B ice pack was applied for the same duration at the injection site. A designed questionnaire based on SEM scale was used to measure the patients‟ reaction. Independent-samples t-test was applied to compare the mean SEM score of both groups by taking p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Results: The mean sound, eye and motor (SEM) score was 5.22 ± 1.718 for group A and 3.28 ± 1.373 for group B;with statistically significant differences between bo...
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 2020
Background: To compare pain perception during palatal injection administration in children aged 7-9 years while using pre-cooling of the injection site versus application of topical anesthesia as a pre-injection anesthetic during the six months. Method: A prospective randomized split-mouth crossover trial was conducted among 30 children aged 7-9 years, who received topical application of either a pencil of ice (test group) or 5% lignocaine gel (control group) for 2 min before injection. The primary and secondary outcome measures were pain perception and child satisfaction, measured by the composite pain score and the faces rating scale, respectively. Unpaired t-test was performed to determine significant differences between groups. Results: The test group had significantly lower pain scores for self-report and behavioral measures (P < 0.0001). The changes in physiological parameters at the baseline (P = 0.74) during (P = 0.37) and after (P = 0.88) the injection prick were not statistically significant. Children felt better by the pre-cooling method (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Ice application using a pencil of ice for 2 min reduced pain perception significantly compared to the use of a topical anesthetic. Moreover, ice application was preferred by children.
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Background: Dental procedures, such as injections, usually cause pain and make children uncomfortable and uncooperative. One approach for reducing pain is the use of buffered anesthetics. Purpose: The research objective was to assess the pain parameters between buffered and non-buffered anesthetic injections, based on oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and the self-reporting of pain by the children. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental, with purposive sampling of 19 children. Pain parameters, based on oxygen saturation and pulse rate, were measured using a pulse oximeter. The self-reporting of pain used the Wong–Baker FACES® pain rating scale. Statistical analysis used a t-test and Mann–Whitney test with P < 0.01 taken as statistically significant. Results: The results showed a significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after the injection of buffered and non-buffered anesthetics (P = 0.0002). Delivering the buffered anesthetics were reported to be less pai...
Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, 2019
Background. This study assessed the effect of cooling the soft tissue site on the perception of pain in children undergoing local anesthesia for routine dental procedures. Methods. One hundred children, 6‒14 years of age, were assigned to either of the two study groups, i.e., group 1 (infiltration) and group 2 (block anesthesia). One side of the arch served as the test side, where an ice pretreatment (IP) of the soft tissue of the injection site was carried out using a tube of ice for one minute, whereas the opposite side served as the control, where no ice pretreatment (WIP) was carried out. This was followed by the gradual injection of local anesthetic solution. The children’s pain perception was assessed by VAS, WB-FPRS and SEM scales. The data were analyzed statistically. Results. WBS, VAS and SEM scores were significantly different between the WIP and IP in both groups, indicating that ice was effective in reducing the pain perception in children. Intergroup comparison revealed...
SVOA Dentistry, 2023
Background: It is crucial to manage pain during both invasive and noninvasive dental procedures because discomfort may cause patients to refuse care or put off getting it altogether. As a result, it is imperative to develop techniques that lessen pain during injections in order to keep patients from skipping dental appointments. Pain is associated with both invasive and noninvasive dental operations, although it is more commonly associated with tooth extractions, surgeries, and other invasive procedures. The use of local anaesthetics is used to prevent and manage pain, and they are thought to be the safest and most effective medications available for these purposes. Aim: To evaluate the effect of cooled topical anesthetic gel on pain perception of pediatric dental patients during the administration of local anesthesia. Material and Method: In present split mouth clinical trail, 30 children between the ages of 6 and 10 year were enrolled. Uncooled topical anaesthetic was applied in one treatment session and cooled topical anaesthesia gel in the other session prior to the administration of local anesthesia. Lignocaine 2% gel was cooled and maintained at 40 C. A small sized topical anaesthetic gel was applied on tissue using a cotton pellet for 1 minute. Similarly in next treatment session uncooled anesthetic gel was applied on injection site. The procedure was followed by infiltration injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline (LOX* 2% ADRENALINE) using a short 27-gauge needle (Dispovan). Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the participants’ self-reports of injection pain. Children were asked to make a mark on the line that represented their level of perceived pain intensity, and the score was recorded after the treatment. Analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. In all the statistical tests used in this study the significant level was pre -set at P ≤ 0.05. Result: The mean visual analog score for uncooled anesthetic gel group were 63.12 ± 4.63 and statistically significant lower score in cooled anesthetic gel group 38.23 ± 5.53 group (p< 0.001) Conclusion: The results of the present study showed application of cooled topical anesthetic gel on injection site prior to the injection of local anesthetic agent did significantly reduce the pain perceived during administration of local anesthesia for routine dental procedures.
Local and regional anesthesia, 2018
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of warming anesthesia on the control of the pain produced during the administration of dental anesthesia injection and to analyze the role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 nociceptor channels in this effect. A double-blind, split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed. Seventy-two volunteer students (22.1±2.45 years old; 51 men) from the School of Dentistry at the Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, Chile) participated. They were each administered 0.9 mL of lidocaine HCl 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 (Alphacaine) using two injections in the buccal vestibule at the level of the upper lateral incisor teeth. Anesthesia was administered in a hemiarch at 42°C (107.6°F) and after 1 week, anesthesia was administered by randomized sequence on the contralateral side at room temperature (21°C-69.8°F) at a standardized speed. The intensity of pain perceived during the injection was compared using a 100 mm visual a...
Effect of warming anaesthetic solutions on pain during dental injection. A randomized clinical trial
Journal Of Oral Research, 2015
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of warming anesthetic solutions on pain produced during the administration of anesthesia in maxillary dental infiltration technique. Material and Methods: A double-blind cross-over clinical study was designed. Fifty-six volunteer students (mean age 23.1±2.71 years) of the Dental School at Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, Chile) participated in the study. Subjects were given 0.9ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine (Alphacaine®; Nova DFL-Brazil) by two punctions at buccal vestibule of lateral incisor. Warm anesthesia at 42°C (107.6°F) was administered in a hemi-arch; and after one week anesthesia at room temperature (21°C; 69.8°F) and at a standardized speed was administered at the contralateral side. The intensity of pain felt during injection was registered and compared using visual analog scale (VAS) of 100mm (Wilcoxon test p<0.05). Results: The use of anesthesia at room temperature caused a VAS-pain intensity of 34.2±16.6mm, and anesthesia at 42°C a VAS-pain intensity of 15.7±17.4mm (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The use of anesthesia at 42°C resulted in a significantly lower pain intensity perception during injection compared with the use of anesthesia at room temperature during maxillary infiltration technique.
Journal of updates in Pediatric Dentistry, 2021
Aim: Comparison of efficacy of Pre-cooled and plain 5% lidocaine topical gel on pain perception during needle insertion during LA administration in children. Methods: Thirty children requiring bilateral infiltration anaesthesia of the age 6-10 years were selected for this split mouth study. Each injection site was randomly allotted to the control and intervention groups. Pulse rate, blood pressure was evaluated before; during and after LA infiltration and pain perception was evaluated using Won bakers scale. Data was statistically analysed using independent t-test and Man Whitney-U test (p-value <0.05). Results: The results obtained with intervention group, during LA administration was statistically significant with respect to pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure and pain perception (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Pain experienced after application of pre-cooled topical anesthetic gel before LA infiltration is less compared to plain topical gel.
Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
Background: Pain management in dentistry is inevitable without the use of local anesthesia. However, the agonizing experience of dental injections incorporates a fear of dentist in children. Therefore, the painless administration of local anesthetic agents is crucial in providing optimum dental care. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of four different techniques in minimizing the pain during administration of local anesthesia in 7-11 years old children. Study design: In this split mouth study design, 132 healthy and cooperative children of age 7-11 years, who needed bilateral extraction of primary molars were children were randomly allocated to four different groups: Group I (cryotherapy), Group II (30% sucrose solution), Group III (combination of cryotherapy + sucrose) and Group IV (topical anesthetic agent). The pain perception during administration of local anesthesia (IANB) was recorded before, during and after anesthesia using VAS (visual analogue scale), oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and pulse rate (PR), SEM (sound, eye, body movement) and FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) scale. Results: The mean difference of scores of VAS scale showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in all the groups. The FLACC and SEM scores, pulse rate (PR) and SpO 2 of Group I (popsicle) showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to Group III (ice-cubes) and Group IV (topical anesthetic). Conclusion: Pain management using a combination of cryotherapy & sweet substance in pediatric patients can be a safe and effective alternative to the conventional topical anesthetic agents in minimizing pain as the sweet taste acts a reward and offers the advantage of providing a positive dental experience for the patient.