Comparison of dental arch dimensions in models of preschool children with cleft lip/palate repaired by means of surgery alone versus controls (original) (raw)
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Alexandria Dental Journal, 2016
INTRODUCTION: Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate is a complex trait caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors resulting in various forms of malocclusion mostly affecting maxillary dental arch. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dental arch dimensions in surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate children according to Oslo protocol with those of healthy matching non-cleft children in Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparative cross-sectional study design was used. Thirty-one non-syndromic children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), aging 4-9 years, and fulfilling the selection criteria together with thirty-one healthy, matched, non-cleft children (control group) were recruited from Faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University. Both groups were divided into three age groups; 4-5 years, 6-7 years and 8-9 years. For each subject, dental arch dimensions were measured from the dental study casts. RESULTS: Mean maxillary arch depth and inter-canine arch width were significantly smaller in UCLP children than in non-cleft children in the age groups 6-7 and 8-9 years. Mean inter-molar arch width was not significantly narrower in UCLP children from that in non-cleft children. Mean mandibular arch dimensions of UCLP children did not differ significantly from those of non-cleft children. CONCLUSIONS: Children with UCLP, aging 6-9 years old, revealed significant reduction in mean maxillary arch dimensions when compared to healthy matching non-cleft children except for inter-molar arch width which showed no significant reduction. KEYWORDS: Unilateral cleft lip and palate/ Maxillary arch dimensions/ Mandibular arch dimensions/ Dental arch depth/ Dental arch width/ Oslo protocol.
Maxillary arch dimensions in cleft infants in Northern Finland
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2013
Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the maxillary arch dimensions in cleft lip and/or palate infants in Northern Finland before surgery. Materials and methods. The subjects consisted of 70 Finnish cleft patients born between 1997-2004 in Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District in Finland. The study casts were obtained before surgery at the mean age of 5.6 months (SD = 2.2). There were 42 children with cleft palate (CP) (26 girls/16 boys), 13 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (eight girls/five boys), eight children with cleft lip (CL)(two girls/six boys) and seven with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) (two girls/five boys). Conventionally-used landmarks were marked on study casts and cleft width, arch circumference, anterior and posterior arch width and arch length were measured with a digital sliding calliper. The statistical method was ANOVA. Results. The prevalence of CP in this study, 60% of all clefts, is higher than the average standards. There were statistically significant differences in cleft width, posterior and anterior arch width, arch length and arch circumference, when different cleft groups were compared. When differences between girls and boys were compared, boys had larger cleft size and arch dimensions generally, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions. The results show the large variation in the severity of cleft lip and/or palate deformity at birth and in maxillary arch dimensions between different cleft types. It also demonstrates the effect of phenotypic variability within the groups of cleft lip and/or palate.
Relation between the severity of palatal cleft and maxillary dental arch size
The disorder of maxilla growth is one of the principal problems in treatment of cleft palate patients. For a long time the main cause for disturbance of maxillary growth has been thought to be surgical inter-vention – palatoplasty, the closure of palatal cleft. We analysed the influence of palatal cleft width on the development of upper jaw. Eva-luation of treatment results requires the records of primary anatomical data on cleft size and maxillary dimensions. The aim of the study was to define the primary anatomical data of isolated palatal clefts and to find a correlation between cleft width and maxillary dental arch size. We analysed the influence of palatal cleft width on the development of the upper jaw. Materials and methods. We analysed casts of 34 cases of isolated cleft palate patients at the age of 18 months before palatal surgery. The casts were moulded from A type silicone (Panasil, Keten-bach, german) impressions made under general anaesthesia. The mea-surements were pe...
BMC pediatrics, 2017
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common birth defects. Multiple factors are believed to be responsible for an unfavorable dental arch relationship in CLP. Facial growth (maxillary) retardation, which results in class III malocclusion, is the primary challenge that CLP patients face. Phenotype factors and postnatal treatment factors influence treatment outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children, which has led to a great diversity in protocols and surgical techniques by various cleft groups worldwide. The aim of this study was to illustrate the dental arch relationship (DAR) and palatal morphology (PM) of UCLP in Bangladeshi children and to explore the various factors that are responsible for poor DAR and PM. Dental models of 84 subjects were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69 (SD 2.46) years. The DAR and PM were assessed blindly by five raters using the EUROCRAN index (EI). Kappa statistics was used to ev...
Maxillary Arch Dimensions in 6-Year-Old Cleft Children in Northern Finland: A Cross-Sectional Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The aim was to cross-sectionally examine the maxillary arch dimensions in 6-year-old children with cleft lip and/or palate and to compare them with the initial cleft sizes among patients with cleft palate. The study included 89 patients with clefts treated at the Oulu University Hospital. The subjects were divided into three groups: cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate. Study casts were scanned, and the maxillary arch dimensions were examined using a 3D program (3Shape Orthoanalyzer, Copenhagen, Denmark). The statistical methods Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means (SD) between the groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between cleft severity and maxillary dimensions. A significant difference was found between different initial cleft sizes in terms of distance between the second deciduous molar and the first incisor on the right side. The intermolar width showed a negative correlation with the initia...
European Journal of Dentistry
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical and sagittal facial profile and maxillary arch width, depth, and length of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare them with healthy noncleft children in the mixed dentition stage (7–13 years). Materials and Methods: This study is conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. UCLP group comprised 48 patients with nonsyndromic UCLP who have had the lip and palate repaired, whereas the control group comprised 48 healthy noncleft cases. The lateral cephalometrics measurements were used to determine the vertical height, sagittal depth of the face, and cranial base length and angle. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on the study cast including arch width, depth, and length. Results: Vertical facial height and sagittal depth measurements showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the mean growth pattern in UCLP group. The anterior cranial base length (S-N) was shorter in UCLP children (...
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 2011
Objective To develop yardsticks for assessment of dental arch relationship in young individuals with repaired complete bilateral cleft lip and palate appropriate to different stages of dental development. Participants Eleven cleft team orthodontists from five countries worked on the projects for 4 days. A total of 776 sets of standardized plaster models from 411 patients with operated complete bilateral cleft lip and palate were available for the exercise. Statistics The interexaminer reliability was calculated using weighted kappa statistics. Results The interrater weighted kappa scores were between .74 and .92, which is in the “good” to “very good” categories. Conclusions Three bilateral cleft lip and palate yardsticks for different developmental stages of the dentition were made: one for the deciduous dentition (6-year-olds’ yardstick), one for early mixed dentition (9-year-olds’ yardstick), and one for early permanent dentition (12-year-olds’ yardstick).
Predictors of poor dental arch relationship in young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2011
The aim of this cross-sectional outcome study using retrospective data capture of treatment histories was to examine the characteristics of young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had poor dental arch relationship (i.e., Goslon 5). The study sample comprised 120 children born with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1995 and 2003, and were aged between 5.0 and 7.0 years (mean age, 5.1 years) at the time of data collection. The dental arch relationship was assessed using the Goslon yardstick from intraoral dental photographs. An independent investigator recorded treatment histories from the clinical notes. The inter-and intraexaminer agreements evaluated by weighted kappa statistics were high. There was no association between dental arch relationship and the type of presurgical orthopedics or pharyngeal flap. Dental arch relationship was associated with the initial cleft size (odds ratio, OR=1.3; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.1−1.5, p<0.01), surgeon grade for palate repair (OR=5.0, 95% CI=1.2−19.9, p<0.05), and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.0−8.1, p=0.05). These data suggest that intraoral dental photographs provide a reliable method for rating dental arch relationship. Wide initial cleft, high-volume surgeon, and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty are predictors of poor dental arch relationship outcome in young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. These findings may improve treatment outcome by modifying the treatment protocol for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.