Performance Evaluation of a Conventional Solar Still with Different Types and layouts of Wick Materials (original) (raw)

Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Stills—Recent Review

Sustainability

Although water is the second most important fluid, after air, found on the Earth, there is a vital problem in the availability of water for many organisms, and this problem faces the whole world. As a result, scientists have developed many methods of purifying the saline/brackish water to be suitable for different uses in addition to the purpose of drinking. Fortunately, solar distillation is very rewarding in terms of operating costs and costs for a liter of freshwater distillated with using clean and environmentally friendly energy. Solar distiller is one of the solar distillation systems devices, which is simple in construction, cheap, and easy to use but it has the drawback of low productivity. This article aims to provide a summary of the different ideas and works on solar stills through different variables that affect the performance of distillers. In contrast to the review papers dealing with this topic, this paper contains comprehensive and complete details and careful revie...

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Properties and Performance of Solar Stills

2021

Potable water not only is important for life but also for industrial and agricultural purposes. For many decades, the problem of water shortage has been one of the main challenges facing the world. Solar distillation is regarded by many investigators as one of the important methods to solve water scarcity problems. A solar still is a simple device which can be effectively used to convert saline water into fresh water. The productivity depends on many parameters, which among them are transmittance of the cover, thermal properties of the basin and water, and heat loss through the solar still. In this research, the effect of three design parameters (basin heat transfer coefficient, glass absorptivity and glass transmissivity) on performance of the conventional solar still was theoretically investigated and compared with experimental results. Iteration was necessary to obtain the values of the design parameters that produce good matching between the theoretical and experimental results....

Experimental Study on the Productivity for Different Water Depth Variation-Solar Stills

Shortage of good, clean drinking water is a major problem for most developing countries in the world. In most cases, ponds, streams, wells and rivers are often polluted that they are unsafe for direct use as drinking water. Often water sources are brackish and contain harmful bacteria, therefore cannot be used for drinking. Solar distillation is one of the important methods of utilizing solar energy for the supply of portable water to small communities where natural supply of fresh water is inadequate or of poor quality .In this direction an experimental performance analysis was carried out on a single slope, double slope solar still with variation of water depth in the basin. Experiments were conducted for water depths of 10mm, 20mm, 30mm and 40mm .Tests were carried out for different water samples namely rain harvesting water, lake water and bore well water. Yield of still is compared with proposed hybrid unit. Measurement of various temperatures, solar intensity, and distillate w...

Design and development of wick type solar distillation system

2011

The single basin wick type solar desalination was designed with corrugated galvanized iron sheet of area 1 m2 as an absorber in between the wick strip for obtaining maximum temperature inside the distiller. This distiller was tested at different inclinations for load and no load test in winter and summer months. The chemical analysis of the distilled water and impure water was carried out. The economic of the present system was studied. The cost of the system was calculated. The system was tested by applying statistical approach to estimate the best method for desalination. The average yield of distilled water from Single Basin Wick Type Solar Desalination Plant (SBWSD) was 2300 ml/m2/day in winter and 3400 ml/m2/day in summer at Dapoli, India. Maximum distilled water obtained at an angle 40o48’ in winter season. The efficiency of the SBWSD was 47.14% in winter and 56.29% in summer. The benefit cost ratio and pay back period for SBWSD was 1.70 and 6 months, respectively. Key words...

Improving Productivity of Solar Energy Distillation Still For Sea Water

— Solar thermal systems that produce potable water from salty water have been studied for quite some years, and the use of solar energy to produce potable water was known in ancient Egypt. Water distillation by using Solar still is provided with a cascade mesh material welded with on absorber sheet is designed and tested in the present investigation. The mesh material acts as a wick material on the absorbing surface to improve the productivity of the distilled water. In this study the effect of the type of the mesh material, the ambient temperature, the wind speed, cooling water flow rate over the glass cover and the flow rate of the feed salt water on the productivity of fresh water are investigated. The study indicated that the still provided with mesh material gives 17% more in the daily productivity than the conventional still. This improvement occurs with flow rate of feed salt water of 0.50 l/s, cooling water flow rate of 0.1 l/s over the glass cover and air gap constant of 40 mm.

DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SOLAR WATER STILL

The availability of potable water is a necessity for human existence. A simple laboratory scale solar water still capable of holding 75 litres of water has been developed and evaluated. The highest temperature in the solar still occurred at the vapour region and reached up to 66°C. The productivity of the solar still varies with the depth of water in the still. The results of the productivity were 67.4 ml/m 2 h, 54.2 ml/m 2 h and 43.4 ml/m 2 h for depths of 20 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm respectively. The efficiency of the solar still was found to vary with the depth of water in the basin. The highest efficiency obtained for the solar still was 29.1% at a depth of 20 mm. Characterization of water quality before and after distillation in the solar still showed a reduction in chemical and microbiological constituents after distillation which was comparable to standard drinking water. The solar still could be developed at a small-scale workshop at reasonably cheap costs. Further work to improve the productivity of the solar water still is proposed. INTRODUCTION Supply of potable water is a major problem particularly in developing countries. The problem often faced is that protected or improved sources, such as boreholes and treated urban supplies, can still be contaminated such that microbiologically unsafe water is delivered [1]. Of major concern is the populace dwelling in rural regions of developing countries who do not have access to these improved sources and are at higher health risks as they depend on the natural sources like rivers, streams and springs which are often contaminated. The ability to be able to treat water on a domestic scale will therefore be of immense benefit. Nigeria lies within a high sunshine belt and solar radiation is fairly well distributed within the country. The annual average total solar radiation varies from 12.6 MJ/m 2-day in the coastal latitudes to 25.2MJ/m 2-day in the far north [2]. This vast amount of solar energy could be utilized in purifying water domestically. Solar distillation has been largely used in desalination. It involves utilizing solar energy for heating of water to cause evaporation. The vapour produced, then, condenses to produce distilled water. Gomkali and Datta [3] designed a simple solar still with a double-sloped glass cover plate which had an annual average productivity of 2.5 l/m 2-day and at an efficiency of 28%. Naim [4] also devised a single-stage solar desalination spirally-wound module which had maximum distillation efficiency of 34% and with a productivity of 575 ml/m 2-h. Medugu and Malgwi [5] designed and tested a solar still and claimed that the instantaneous efficiency increases with the increase of solar radiation and with increase of feed water temperature. Tarawneh [6] studied the effect of water depth on the performance evaluation of a solar still and stated that decreased water depth has a significant effect on increased water productivity, noting that the productivity of

Enhancement of Conventional Solar Still Productivity by Modifying with The Tilted Wick at Different Angles and Black Painted Basin: An experimental & Economic Approach

Solar still is the emerging technique to distilled water at places where there is a huge scarcity of drinking water. The current investigation deals with the productivity enhancement of distilled yield of conventional solar still (CSS) to obtain decontaminated fresh water. Experiments were conducted by modifying CSS for five different cases viz: (a). Conventional solar still without the wick, (b). Conventional solar still with the tilted wick at 15˚, 30˚, and 45˚ (c). Black painted basin conventional solar still (BPBCSS) with the tilted wick at 30˚. All experiments were performed on the month of March for approximate same climatic condition. From the preliminary investigation, the flow rate of basin water on the wick was kept fixat 0.2g/m2.secin such a way that the wick remained completely wet. The overall daily productivity of the caseswas found to be 3.802kg/m2, 3.925kg/m2, 4.25kg/m2,4.102kg/m2, and 4.372 kg/m2 for CSS without the wick, CSS with the tilted wick at 15˚, CSS with th...