Characterization of cell wall polysaccharides of purple pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) pericarp (original) (raw)
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Cell wall polysaccharides from pulp and peel of cubiu: A pectin-rich fruit
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017
To investigate the polysaccharides of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum D.) fruits, pulp and peel were subjected to sequential extractions using different solvents, giving rise to pectins heterogeneous with respect to their structural characteristics, xylan, arabinogalactoxyloglucans and glucomannans. Chemical, physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses were used to characterize the polysaccharides obtained. Pectins with uronic acid content of commercial grade were obtained from the peel of cubiu fruits using water (25 • C and 100 • C) and EDTA and from its pulp using water (100 • C). The fraction with the highest yield (9.6%) and uronic acid content (79.0%) extracted from the peel using water at 100 • C was chemically and structurally characterized. This fraction consists predominantly of a mixture of a homogalacturonan (degree of methyl-esterification 56.9%) and a small amount of rhamnogalacturonan I branched by type I and type II arabinogalactans. The results suggest that cubiu is a promising source of pectins with high uronic acid content extractable by cheaper and environmentally friendly method.
Cell wall polysaccharides from Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) peel
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018
Cell wall polysaccharides from ponkan peel were investigated with the aim of gain knowledge about their potential for different applications and the use of ponkan peel as raw material for pectin extraction. The plant material was defatted using MeOH:CHCl 3 , pretreated with DMSO and then subjected to sequential extractions with cold and hot water, ammonium oxalate, HCl, Na 2 CO 3 , 2 M and 4 M NaOH in order to obtain polysaccharides. The polysaccharide fractions were analyzed by chemical, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods Cold and hot water-soluble pectins contained higher amounts of GalA and higher degrees of methylesterification (DM) than ammonium oxalate and HCl fractions. Na 2 CO 3 extraction provided non-esterified arabinose-rich pectins which formed gel in a dialysis step. NaOH solubilized hemicelluloses, composed mainly of xyloglucans, galactomannans and galactoglucomannans. The water-soluble fraction (WSP) was purified using αamylase and amyloglucosidase and gave rise to the subfraction named α-WSP. The α-WSP was a pectin composed of HG and RG-I domains containing side chains of arabinans and short-chains of galactans, with low DM (39.4%) and M w of 1.615 × 10 5 g/mol.
Two pectic polysaccharides from kiwifruit cell walls
Carbohydrate Polymers, 1991
From kiwifruit cell wall material treated with endopolygalacturonase, two polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified using ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. One of the fractions was shown to be a polysaccharide composed of 32% galacturonic acid, 15% rhamnose, 18%, arabinose, and 35% galactose. This polysaccharide is considered to be a rhamnogalacturonan-type polysaccharide, probably rhamnogalacturonan L The second fraction, of lower molecular weight, was a homogalacturonan composed of 81% galacturonic acid, 6"7% glucose, 2"8% mannose, 1"7% arabinose and 0"5 % fucose.
Composition and structural features of cell wall polysaccharides from tomato fruits
Phytochemistry, 1990
Cell wall material was isolated from the pericarp of unripe and ripe tomatoes, free from intracellular compounds and active wall degrading enzymes. The wall preparations were sequentially extracted with cyclohexanetrans-1,2-diaminetetra-acetate (CDTA) at 20", 0.05 M Na,CO, at lo, 0.05 M Na,CO, at 20", and 0.5, 1 and 4 M KOH at 20" to leave the cc-cellulose residue, which contained a significant amount of pectic material. The polysaccharides isolated from the extracts were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography and selected fractions were subjected to methylation analysis. The CDTA-soluble pectic polysaccharides had slightly-branched rhamnogalacturonan back-bones compared with the sodium carbonate-soluble pectic polysaccharides. The side chains of the pectic polysaccharides were mainly composed of j-( 1+4)-linked galactopyranosyl and c+( 1+5)-linked arabinofuranosyl residues, and the evidence for this was obtained by both methylation analysis and "CNMR spectroscopy.
The isolation and characterization of polysaccharides from longan pulp
Separation and Purification Technology, 2008
Crude water-soluble longan polysaccharides (LPSs) were extracted from longan pulp using hot water assisted by microwave pretreatment and ethanol precipitation. Neutral and acidic polysaccharides were separated by DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (M w ) of neutral polysaccharide (LPS-N) was approximately 13.8 kDa, and those of two acidic polysaccharides (LPS-A1 and LPS-A2) were approximately 1382 and 571 kDa, respectively. Structural properties and compositions of these three LPS were examined by FTIR and HPLC. It was hypothesized that LPS belong to -type acidic heteropolysaccharides with pyran group, among which LPS-N was composed of xylose and glucose at the molar ratio of 1:1.9; LPS-A1 consisted of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose and galactose at the molar ratio of 1:1.64:4.33:2.28; and LPS-A2 comprised only rhamnose. The total uronic acid content of LPS-A1 and LPS-A2 were 6% and 19%, respectively.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009
Okra pods are commonly used in Asia as a vegetable, food ingredient, as well as a traditional medicine for many different purposes; for example, as diuretic agent, for treatment of dental diseases and to reduce/ prevent gastric irritations. The healthy properties are suggested to originate from the high polysaccharide content of okra pods, resulting in a highly viscous solution with a slimy appearance when okra is extracted with water. In this study, we present a structural characterisation of all major cell wall polysaccharides originating from okra pods. The sequential extraction of okra cell wall material yielded fractions of soluble solids extractable using hot buffer (HBSS), chelating agent (CHSS), dilute alkaline (DASS) and concentrated alkaline (CASS). The HBSS fraction was shown to be rich in galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid in the ratio 1.3:1:1.3. The degree of acetylation is relatively high (DA = 58) while the degree of methyl esterification is relatively low (DM = 24). The CHSS fraction contained much higher levels of methyl esterified galacturonic acid residues (63% galacturonic acid; DM = 48) in addition to minor amounts of rhamnose and galactose. The ratio of galactose to rhamnose to galacturonic acid was 1.3:1.0:1.3 and 4.5:1.0:1.2 for HBSS and CHSS, respectively. These results indicated that the HBSS and CHSS fractions contain rhamnogalacturonan type I next to homogalacturonan, while the latter is more prevailing in CHSS. Also the DASS fraction is characterised by high amounts of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and some arabinose, indicating that rhamnogalacturonan I elements with longer arabinose-and galactose-rich side chains were part of this fraction. Partial digestion of HBSS and CHSS by pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase resulted in a fraction with a lower Mw and lower viscosity in solution. These samples were subjected to NMR analysis, which indicated that, in contrast to known RG I structure, the acetyl groups in HBSS are not located on the galacturonic acid residues, while for CHSS only part of the acetyl groups are located on the RG I galacturonic acid residues. The CASS fraction consisted of XXXG-type xyloglucan and 4-methylglucuronoxylan as shown by their sugar (linkage) composition and enzymatic digestion.
Polysaccharides and glycoproteins of apple fruit cell walls
Phytochemistry, 1973
Ahatract-A proportion of the polysaccharides and glycoproteins of apple fruit cell walls can be readily extracted in neutral buffer at or below 20". Removal of more material was not achieved with a wide range of dissociative aqueous reagents or non-aqueous solvents. Thus traditional degradative extractants were used to obtain soluble components for further characterization. Polysaccharides and glycoproteins were separated and purifkd by chromatography on DEAEccllulose columns and by gel filtration. Purified components were hydrolysed and analysed for neutral sugar and uranic acid content and for their amino acid and hydroxyproline content. The possibility of linkages existing in the cell wail between polyuronide and glycoproteins containing hydroxyproline. arabiiose and galactose residues is discus.&. Recausc of aggregation between these components, which occurs after extraction, the presence of such linkages in viva is difficult to establish. Other cell wall glycoproteins containing xylose and glucose residues are thought to have a possible role in stabilizing hemicellulose structure.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009
Fleurya aestuans (Linnaeus) Miquel and Phragmenthera capitata (Spreng) are two plants endemic to central Africa that are used in traditional medicine. However, information on their molecular constituents is lacking. In the present study and as part of our research on the structure/bioactivity relationship of plant cell wall molecules, we investigated the structure of polysaccharides isolated from leaf cell walls of both plant species. To this end, we used sequential extraction of polysaccharides, gas chromatography, matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and immuno-dot assays. Our data indicate the presence of both pectin and hemicellulosic polysaccharides in the cell walls of both plants. In particular, cell wall of F. aestuans leaves appears to contain much more pectin than those of P. capitata. Structural analysis of hemicellulosic polysaccharides revealed differences in the structure of xyloglucan isolated from both species. While only the XXXG-type was found in P. capitata, both XXXG and XXGG types were detected in F. aestuans. No arabinosylated subunits were found in any of the xyloglucan isolated from both plant species. In addition, xylan structure with non methylated-a-D-glucuronic acid on side chains was only detected in F. aestuans leaf cell walls. Finally, structural analysis of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) shows that unlike RG-II, RG-I is qualitatively different between F. aestuans and P. capitata leaves.