Introduction on CO2 Geological Storage - Classification of Storage Options (original) (raw)
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Criteria for CO2 storage in geological formations
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CO2 storage in geological formations represents today one of the main new technological solutions for CO2 emission mitigation. Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) includes capture of anthropogenic CO2 from various emitters, its transportation and injection in different types of geological formations such as: depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline formations, unmined coal beds, partially depleted oil reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR-CO2 method) and others. The analysis of numerous criteria that are determining the success of process implementation from a technical, safety, ecological and economic point of view is necessary for considering the optimal CO2 geological storage option. In this paper, an overview of CO2 geological storage types is presented, with an emphasis on criteria for selection of most adequate CO2 storage option. They include geological, physical, thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, techno economic, social criteria, as well as the regulatory issues that are key factors for CCS technology development and further deployment.
Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, 2016
Carbon dioxide (CO 2) geological storage is the last process in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Technical issues to conduct it safely are firstly introduced. Geophysical and geochemical trapping mechanisms to store CO 2 within the reservoir, geophysical monitoring and modeling, and geomechanical modeling are then described as key issues. Finally, future directions are discussed.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2020
In the framework of a Spanish project focused on carbon capture and storage technologies, the Gañuelas-Mazarrón Tertiary Basin (SE Spain) was studied as a natural analogue of a CO 2 reservoir affected by anthropogenic leakages. It has been accepted that the main objective of natural analogue studies is to predict the long-term performance of a natural CO 2 reservoir to be extrapolated to the operation of a CO 2 deep geological storage, but these studies can also provide valuable information to select a site for CO 2 storage. Thus, the comprehensive study performed in this Spanish basin has allowed the establishment of a guide to be applied to other similar natural systems with deep saline aquifers that are able to store CO 2. This guide comprises 5 phases: (1) the compilation of existing information from the site; (2) the geological and structural study of the natural CO 2 reservoir; (3) the characterisation of the main components (waters-rocks-gases) of the natural CO 2 reservoir; (4) the identification of analogies between the natural CO 2 reservoir and a potential site for CO 2 geological storage; and (5) the implications for the long-term behaviour and safety of a CO 2 storage system. Whilst the three first stages are well known since they are exclusively focused on the site characterisation, the latter two are poorly developed. For this reason, it has been considered convenient to go deeper into both the identification of analogies and the assessment of their performance in storing CO 2. The main results of this study are aimed at elaborating a practical guide for regulatory agencies that are responsible for making decisions about sites that have been selected for anthropogenic CO 2 geological storage.
CO 2 geological storage: A review on present and future prospects
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011
CO2 can be stored in geological media for hundreds to thousands of years depending on the location and trapping mechanism(s) involved. A saline aquifer presents the largest capacity available for CO2 storage among all geological storage options. Two main methodologies proposed by the Department of Energy, US (DOE) and carbon sequestration leadership forum (CSLF) are used for capacity estimation of
Geological storage of CO2: Site appraisal and modelling
2011
Abstract The assessment of CO 2 storage sites is similar in many ways to reservoir characterisation in the oil industry: An integrated team of geoscientists and engineers is required to collect and analyse data, generate models and perform flow simulations in order to make predictions. The main difference, in the case of storage in saline aquifers, is that there is usually less geological and petrophysical data available. It is therefore useful to know if storage assessments will be adversely affected by this lack of data.
CO2 Geological Storage - Geotechnical Implications
Fossil fuels account for more than 90% of the world total energy consumption. The emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere can be reduced by the development and implementation of carbon capture and storage technologies. The geological formations considered for CO 2 storage are saline aquifers, depleted and semidepleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, and unminable coal seams. The efficient short-term injection and the stable long-term geological storage of carbon dioxide are affected by complex hydro-chemo-mechanical interactions that take place in the formation, including water acidification, mineral dissolution, and stress and volume changes. Positive feedback mechanisms may lead to runaway effects. These hydro-chemo-mechanical coupled processes and emergent phenomena may hinder the storativity of injected carbon dioxide. Technological developments such as adequate geophysical tools for injection and reservoir monitoring, are needed for the safe geo-storage of CO 2 .
Geological Storage of CO2: a State-Of-The-Art of Injection Processes and Technologies
Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 2005
-Stockage géologique du CO 2 : état de l'art des technologies d'injection-Dans cet article, les technologies de puits nécessaires à l'injection de CO 2 sont présentées ainsi que les mécanismes physico-chimiques provoqués par l'injection autour du puits :-Les matériaux utilisés pour le puits et les procédures d'abandon de puits doivent être choisis de façon à éviter toute fuite de CO 2 le long du puits et d'assurer la sécurité à long terme du stockage.-La zone autour du puits subit des mécanismes de dissolution/reprécipitation causés par l'injection de CO 2 , qui peuvent influer sur l'injectivité. Ces phénomènes dépendent fortement des caractéristiques du réservoir et requièrent aujourd'hui une étude théorique et expérimentale approfondie afin de contrôler l'injectivité des puits d'injection de CO 2 , élément clé car de grandes quantités de CO 2 devront être injectées.