Application of theories in CSR research focusing study context and corporate attributes (original) (raw)
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The International Journal of Business and Management, 2020
Introduction Globally, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an evolving concept and complex, without a clear and agreed-on definition, meaning different things to different culture or people (Chikwe, 2012). It encapsulates a whole broad area, involving corporate commitments, ethical conducts, legal considerations, socioeconomic imperatives, philanthropic gestures, operational environment imperatives and the likes. However, CSR describes a set of corporate obligations and practices somewhere in the spectrum between traditional charitable giving and meeting up socioeconomic demands and environmental sustainability on one hand, and merely strict compliance with laws on the other. CSR as a management concept is also variously viewed as a concept that covers a wide variety of business and environmental issues relating to plant location and technicalities, employee relations, socioeconomic concerns, human rights, ethics, corporate-community relations and environment (Enahoro, Akiuyemi and Olutoye, 2013). CSR can also be described as the variety of interactive issues revolving around business organization and society or community environment where the corporations operate. Relatedly, Surdyk (2006) succinctly expressed that, while the CSR operating definition remain elusive, the term CSR generally refers to a company's efforts to explicitly include social and environmental concerns in its decision-making along with a commitment to increasing the organization's positive impact on society. As similarly posited, CSR enhances the building of social welfare beyond profitability, as well as developing loyalty and corporate reputation, and at the end serves as a building block for competitive advantage (Arvidson, 2010; Ormiston and Wong, 2013). The mindset of classical CSR revolves around Milton Friedman's conception and theory that what corporation owe society is only efficient economic responsibility, while governments owe the social ends (Arvidson, 2010; Freedman and Dmytriyev, 2017). In relation to our present CSR study direction, a theory can be viewed as an explanation of some phenomena (e.g., corporate social responsibility imperatives), and it consists of principles that state relationships observed in association with that phenomenon (Blaylock, 1971; Hodge, Anthony and Gales, 1998). A theory is a way of thinking, perceiving and analyzing organizations' phenomena. Theory belongs to the family of words that include, guess, speculation, supposition, conjecture, proposition, hypothesis, conception, explanation and model (Weick, 2005, in Smith and Hitt, 2005). A theory in general guides and provides knowledge base and understanding of the basic relationships derivable from various knowledge-based disciplines. In brief, theory guides practices. Theory emanates from a Greek word, theoria,which means, viewing or contemplating. Theory deals with a contemplative body of ideas; a sort of rational kind of abstract, generalizing
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: ANALYSIS OF THEORIES AND MODELS
EUREKA: Social and Humanities» Number 5, 2019
Various definitions, forms, and theories related to Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) are presented in this article. Nowadays most corporations follow different methodologies to implement CSR approach. But in most cases corporation follow CSR methodology that reflects only its shareholders' interest neglecting its community interest. Critical analysis and comparison for the main CSR theories are presented also, followed by a conclusion about a comprehensive form of CSR that targets both shareholders and community interest. Three of the main CSR theories and models have been represented and analyzed in this article: The Carroll Theory, The Triple Bottom Line Theory, and The Stakeholder Theories. Since any business corporation has to adopt one of these theories, this study reveals the strength and challenges of every theory. There is no doubt that every theory has been well analyzed by its founder or scholar, but an advanced understand for every theory will make it possible for a corporation's managers and decision makers to implement long term social and environmental strategies with more accurate achievements. This article is divided into four main sections, the first section presents Carroll's model for CSR, followed by the second which is about the Triple Bottom Line theory for CSR, and the third represents the Stakeholder theory. The fourth section analyzes three CSR theories and sheds light on the core responsibility of every theory. Comprehensive analysis for the three recognized CSR models were represented in a table to help readers to locate and clarify systemic differences and common features between the three theories. The last section of the article reveals three main outcomes, the first outcome represents a recommendation for the implementation process of adopting any of the three theories, and which is divided into an internal and external level. The second outcome reveals the importance of addressing a specialized committee for CSR by a company, followed by the third outcome that discusses some of the implications of this analysis for future CSR research and studies.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Perspectives on the CSR Construct's Development and Future
BUSINESS AND SOCIETY, 2021
This perspectives article seeks to comment and reflect on my 1999 BAS article titled "Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct," and subsequent writings addressing these same topics. First, perspectives on the 1950-1999 period are offered. Second, reflections on the 2000-2020 period are presented. Finally, thoughts about the future and the new normal for CSR are set forth. Hopefully, the observations presented will stimulate further thinking on this important concept. And, it will be interesting to all of us to see where the dust settles when the pandemic ends and organizations have had a chance to re-imagine or reset their missions, goals, and processes with respect to CSR.
2013
This paper aims to elaborate the internal and external role of CSR within the organization and also explains that what an organization can contribute internally and externally for the benefits of the society. Within CSR activities it explains the theme of CSR in the core activities of an organization like production & manufacturing, marketing, HRM, corporate governance, investments and accounting. CSR contributions are identified from CSR reports presented by the organization that how they can contribute their efforts internally and externally for CSR activities and gain CSR accounted. CSR framework identified 21 external CSR contributions and 50 internal CSR contributions which an organization can adopt for accounted in CSR rights and performances.
Components, Theories and the Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility
International Journal of Business and Management Review, 2020
Though the relationship between business and society has been widely studied for decades, there are varying perspectives in the literature of a corporation's responsibility to society, and many corporate managers have struggled with the issue of a corporation's responsibility to a broader range of stakeholders beyond its shareholders. Contemporary advocates of corporate social responsibility (CSR) argue that business organizations have a responsibility not only to their respective shareholders but also to other stakeholders, such as, employees, customers' suppliers, and the community in general, among others. However, a conservative view of corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests that the only true purpose of a corporation is to generate maximum profits and promote the interests of its shareholders within the law by responding effectively to market demand through the production of goods or services. Though there is no singular universally accepted definition of CSR in the literature, in this descriptive and theoretical research paper, I synthesize the literature and identify many different forms of definitions of CSR from the point of view of various researchers. In this paper, I also attempt to further the theoretical debate about corporate social responsibility (CSR) by highlighting the main components and theories of CSR in the literature. Thereafter, I articulate the business case for CSR or the justification why business executives may be motivated to allocate resources to engage in CSR activities. I conclude this paper by outlining its contributions.
International Journal of Management Reviews, 2007
This study aims to trace the conceptual evolutionary path of theories on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and to reflect on the implications of the development. The retrospection has revealed that the trend has been a progressive rationalization of the concept with a particular focus on tighter coupling with organizations' financial goals. Rationalization involves two broad shifts in the conceptualization of CSR. First, in terms of the level of analysis, researchers have moved from the discussion of the macro-social effects of CSR to organizational-level analysis of CSR's effect on profit. Next, in terms of theoretical orientation, researchers have moved from explicitly normative and ethics-oriented arguments to implicitly normative and performance-oriented managerial studies. Based on the retrospection, the limitations of the current state of CSR research that places excessive emphasis on the business case for CSR are outlined, and it is suggested that future research needs to refocus on basic research in order to develop conceptual tools and theoretical mechanisms that explain changing organizational behavior from a broader societal perspective.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Theory, Practice and Its Impact on The Company
Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Bisnis, 2021
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive discourse on Corporate Social Responsibility from the theory, components, and impacts on a company and its stakeholders. The research method is conceptual paper. The paper is developed through identifying issues about CSR from existing literature, discussing related theories, analyzing the relationships between GCG and CSR, and explaining stakeholder interactions in CSR practices. The findings of this research indicated that not only do CSR practices have a positive impact on the environment and society, but also affect the survival and sustainable development of the company. In addition, CSR practices are closely related to the implementation of GCG and interactions between stakeholders. Analysis of the theory and literature in this study is carried out comprehensively so that it provides a complete picture of CSR practices.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): An Emerging Opportunity or a Forced Liability
International Journal of Advance & Innovative Research, 2019
A significant number of studies have been conducted on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its impact on different business organizations. However, no such study has been witnessed so far that could explain the nature of the amount involved in the CSR spending. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the viewpoint of different organizations that how they consider this CSR spending. In a current scenario, organizations have failed to take responsibility for what they are operating, so it is needed to consider the real cost of their functioning which brings a focus toward the environmental and social concerns. On the other hand, CSR also became legitimate spending stipulated in the Indian companies act, 2013. According to the act, every business organization is a responsible player to build an equitable society and for that CSR should be a part of the DNA of every organization. Through this paper, we made an attempt to see the nature of CSR adopted by different organizations, whether it is voluntary or mandatory. We reviewed some survey reports made on CSR before and after the Indian companies act, 2013. These reports provide a perspective on CSR perceptions of different business organizations. For empirical analysis, we have analyzed 100 listed companies’ financial reports to know whether CSR mandate impact their performance or not. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we found that before the legitimation of CSR the performance found to be better than post CSR legislation. This paper is also an attempt to present a conceptual analysis of the CSR spending before and after its legitimation in India which will help us to determine whether it should be treated as an investment opportunity or a forced liability.