AnthroWorks3D: Digitalisierung von Skelettfundstücken und die virtuell osteologische Untersuchung (original) (raw)

Digital Zooarchaeology: Using 3D Technology on Archaeofaunal Collections

Figure 1: A painted plastic seal vertebra (left) next to the actual seal vertebra (right). Photo courtesy of Dr. Bernard Means. Figure 2: A digital model of the passenger pigeon left femur. Abstract Zooarchaeology is the study of animal remains found at archaeological sites. The main goal of zooar-chaeology is to study and understand the relationships between humans and animals and how those relationships have contributed to human advancement. Since 2011, the Virtual Curation Laboratory (VCL) has received faunal remains from various archaeological sites and modern type collections. The laboratory is responsible for turning artifacts and ecofacts into three-dimensional (3D) digital models and printing plastic replicas. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using 3D technology on archaeofaunal collections. Introduction Zooarchaeology is the study of animal remains recovered from archaeological sites. Remains can include bones, teeth, hair, shell, scales or DNA. The main goal of zooarchaeology is to study and understand the relationship between humans and animals (Reitz and Wing 2008:1) and how those relationships have contributed to human advancement. Animals are important to the archaeological record because they served nutritional and medicinal needs as well as tools, clothing and shelter (Reitz and Wing 2008:7). Studying animal bones recovered from archaeological sites allows archaeologists to reconstruct past diets and to understand hunting methods, ritual practices and the timing of domestication.

Biomateriales basados en el territorio. Metodología para la creación de una paleta biomaterial situada

Base Diseño e Innovación, 2022

Ante la creciente demanda de diseñadores por incorporar procesos de investigación y desarrollo material a partir de fuentes biológicas en sus procesos creativos, resulta fundamental reflexionar sobre cómo y bajo qué criterios estas prácticas se llevan a cabo. Esto no solo implica una búsqueda epistemológica para establecer marcos de acción global, sino también enfatizar el impacto que estas iniciativas generan en el contexto en que se sitúan. Entendiendo la importante influencia que el Norte Global ejerce sobre estas prácticas a nivel global, urge preguntarnos ¿cuáles debieran ser las aproximaciones pertinentes para una práctica biomaterial propia de la experiencia latinoamericana? y ¿cómo incide el contexto en la toma de decisiones por parte del biodiseñador para promover materiales que sean pertinentes en cada territorio? Este artículo presenta la metodología “Biomateriales Basados en el Territorio" (BBT), una guía reflexiva y crítica para iniciar un proceso consciente en la identificación, experimentación y desarrollo de nuevos materiales locales de origen biológico. Se presentará como caso de estudio el trabajo desarrollado por el Laboratorio de Biomateriales de Valdivia (LABVA) en el contexto austral de Chile. A través del análisis y seguimiento del proceso de creación de una paleta biomaterial, será posible proyectar una práctica con visión crítica y situada, capaz de promover la autonomía material para dar respuesta local a los desafíos socio-medioambientales que actualmente padecemos.

BUSCAGLIA, BIONDI, BOVERO, QUIRINO 2018, From the lab to the field: 3D technology supporting study and conservation processes on Ancient Egyptian artefacts

Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: JSCI, 2018

In this paper we will report on the importance of 3D documentation as a tool for study and communication in Cultural Heritage, with particular reference to the experience grown up at Centro Conservazione e Restauro La Venaria Reale (in the text: CCR La Venaria Reale) and to its application on Egyptian artefacts. We will focus on the purpose-built virtual viewer, set up in order to solve specific operational needs of the working group. We will consider for that significant case studies for innovation that 3D technology has brought in terms of streamlining processes and sharing results. We will also focus on technical advantages obtained by the realization of a 3D model of the remains of a 22 nd dynasty cartonnage, found by the Italian Archaeological Mission at the area of the Temple of Millions of Years of Amenhotep II (Luxor, West bank, Egypt), and on the benefit in using 3D documentation on archaeological excavations.

Three-dimensional scanning -A futuristic technology in forensic anthropology

Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 2019

Imaging innovations assume a necessary part irrespective of the considerable evolution in the discipline of forensic anthropology. Thus, enables the anthropologist to record the site and anthropological remains in outstanding point of interest. With advancement in innovations, virtual human studies are increasing pervasively replacing conventional radiographs that have been utilized to archive specimens. The forensic anthropologists have incorporated computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) surface scans as advanced imaging methods for their case analyses and research to obtain process and dissect 3D information. Among these methods, three dimensional scanners have picked up a conspicuous place for an assortment of reasons that make them valuable to anthropologists. These propelled imaging innovations give a way to report anthropological specimens, their injury patterns, and thus provides a platform to create virtual models for record purpose. Imaging specialists have also tried creating techniques for evaluating and utilizing various parameters from the virtual models like surface mapping and advanced methods of geomorphometric analysis. It stretches out our capacity to evaluate phenotypic variety, its non-damaging nature adds to specimen preservation, and it can turn into a basic piece of virtual human studies, along these lines accomplishing more than simply "beginning to expose what's 3D scanning is all about. The present paper provides an insight on the new scanning technology and discusses the possible future application of these techniques in forensic analysis.

Virtual anthropology: a preliminary test of macroscopic observation versus 3D surface scans and computed tomography (CT) scans

Forensic Sciences Research, 2020

Virtual anthropology (VA) is based on applying anthropological methods currently used to analyse bones to 3D models of human remains. While great advances have been made in this endeavour in the past decade, several interrogations concerning how reliable these models are and what their proper use should be remain unanswered. In this research, a fundamental assumption of VA has been investigated: if the way we perceive and apply an anthropological method is truly similar when looking at bones macroscopically and through various 3D media. In order to answer, 10 skulls of known age and sex were scanned using a computed tomography (CT) scanner and a 3D surface scanner. Two observers separately applied a defined staging method to eight suture sites on these skulls, first looking at the bone macroscopically, then at the 3D surface scan, and finally on the CT scan. Two rounds of observation were carried out by each observer. Intra-and inter-observer error were evaluated, and two sample t-tests used to evaluate if the different types of medium used yielded significantly different observations. The results show a high degree of inter-observer error, and that data obtained from 3D surface scans differ from macroscopic observation (confidence level 95%, P 0.05). CT scans, in these settings, yielded results comparable to those obtained through macroscopic observations. These results offer many possibilities for future research, including indications on the kind of anthropological methods and anatomical landmarks that might be reliably transferable to the virtual environment. All current methods used in traditional anthropology should be tested, and if they prove unreliable, new techniques to analyse bones from virtual models should be developed. KEY POINTS Large discrepancies between observation on dry bones and computer-generated 3D models (surface scans or CT scans) could lead to the re-evaluation of the suitability of traditional anthropological methods for application on 3D models. This preliminary study evaluates whether macroscopic, 3D surface scans, and CT scans viewings generate different observations. The results indicate that the data are not always coherent across all three media of observation. Explanations include the aspect given to the bone by the 3D software, differences between handling bones in real life versus on a computer, and level of expertise of the observers.

Benefits and problems through the application of 3D technologies in archaeology: recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction, Scientific Culture, 1, 3, 2015

The application of 3D digital technologies in the archaeological research expands more and more during the last decades. 3D recording, visualisation, representation and reconstruction of archaeological sites, monuments and artefacts become almost a common trend in the archaeological work. Moreover, CAD reconstructions , 3D simulation, computer animation and other uses of computer systems change the traditional work-flow. The archaeological experience, though, recognizes these tools more for the general public in order to offer a visualisation of the target object than as a mechanism that can offer new possibilities for the research itself. The focus of this article is to explore the opportunities given to the research field of archaeology by 3D technologies. Specifically the article will look into technologies regarding the 3D recording, processing, visualisa-tion and representation of archaeological data. Through the use of specific case studies we will investigate how applications can contribute to the understanding first and the interpretation later on of a certain archaeological object. Issues such as the types of questions and problems that can be faced and answered with these 3D technologies will be raised and discussed. The possibility to get an expansion of the archaeological research in new aspects, as it happens with other technological tools (e.g. databases), will be also examined. In addition to these, the disadvantages and limitations of the application of these 3D technologies in the archaeological field will be also looked at, in order to accomplish a more complete view of its usage.

Experiences with low and high cost 3D surface scanner

Quartär, 2009

The increasing importance of virtual techniques in archaeology and anthropology puts the question of adequate hardware and software applications for a digitalization of collections for museums and institutions into the focus. Especially the market for mobile 3D scanning developed rapidly during the last years and provides a range of different models suitable for scientific purposes today. As the requirements for archaeological and anthropological applications are very high and differentiated -due to the, in some cases very complex surface morphologies of the objects and the different textures from shiny obsidian to porous bone -the decision for a scanner model is often complicated. The Neanderthal Museum and the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences have been testing six different surface scanner from four companies during the last months concerning their suitability for archaeological and anthropological objects. Quality of the 3D models was rated by the visibility and exactness of standard attributes used for classification of the object type in archaeology or anthropology. Results are presented here. Generally, all types of archaeological and anthropological objects can be digitalized with surface scanner. If a high end or a low budget model should be used depends on the texture of the object and the intended purpose.