Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk Correlates of Plasma Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Asymptomatic Young Adults from a Biracial Community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (original) (raw)
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Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2001
To examine the relation of triglycerides with coronary heart disease among populations with low mean total cholesterol, the authors conducted a 15.5-year prospective study ending in 1997 of 11,068 Japanese aged 40-69 years (4,452 men and 6,616 women with mean total cholesterol = 4.73 mmol/liter and 5.03 mmol/liter, respectively), initially free of coronary heart disease or stroke. There were 236 coronary heart disease events comprising 133 myocardial infarctions, 68 angina pectoris events, and 44 sudden cardiac deaths. The coronary heart disease incidence was greater in a dose-response manner across increasing quartiles of nonfasting triglycerides for both sexes. The multivariate relative risk of coronary heart disease adjusting for coronary risk factors and time since last meal associated with a 1-mmol/liter increase in triglycerides was 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.53; p = 0.004) for men and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.75; p = 0.001) for women. The trend was similar for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and sudden cardiac death. The relation of triglycerides with coronary heart disease was not influenced materially by total cholesterol levels or, in a subsample analysis (51% of total sample), by high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Nonfasting serum triglycerides predict the incidence of coronary heart disease among Japanese men and women who possess low mean values of total cholesterol. Further adjustment for high density lipoprotein cholesterol suggests an independent role of triglycerides on the coronary heart disease risk.
Atherosclerosis, 2010
Objective: The impact of elevated triglycerides (TG) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) on the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) has not been well evaluated in Asian populations such as in Japan, which have a lower incidence of myocardial infarction, but a higher risk of stroke than Western populations. Methods: The authors conducted an 11.7-year prospective study ending in 2005 of 5098 Japanese aged 30-79 living in an urban population, initially free of stroke or MI. The relationship between serum lipids and the risk for stroke and MI was determined by dividing the participants into four groups stratified by the combination of serum levels of TG and non-HDLC. The cut-off value was 1.7 mmol/L for TG and 4.9 mmol/L for non-HDLC. Results and conclusion: The total person-years were 59,774 (27,461 for men and 32,313 for women). During the follow-up period, there were 113 cases of MI and 180 of stoke (with 116 cerebral infarctions). Compared with the low TG/low non-HDLC group, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for MI in the high TG/high non-HDLC group was 2.55 (1.53-4.24) after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. The hazard ratio for cerebral infarction in the high TG alone group was 1.63 (1.03-2.56); however, the risk of cerebral infarction was not significantly increased in the other groups. High serum levels of TG and non-HDLC are both important targets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in Japan.
The Relationship between Non-HDL Cholesterol and Other Lipid Parameters in Japanese Subjects
Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2005
Plasma non-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration that is simply estimated from plasma total cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations, without the influence of plasma triglyceride concentration, has been included as a therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemic patients in the most recent National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommendations. In the present study, we estimated plasma non-HDL-C concentration in Japanese subjects to clarify the correlation of plasma non-HDL-C to other plasma lipid concentrations, and to evaluate the NCEP recommendation. Plasma non-HDL-C concentration has a positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride concentrations. From our analysis, 140 mg/dl of plasma LDL-C concentration, which is the level for the diagnosis of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, corresponds to 169 mg/dl of non HDL-C concentration. The relationship between plasma non-HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations in Japanese subjects is quite similar to that described in the NCEP guideline. Thus, we suggest that non-HDL-C is a useful risk marker in Japan, as recommended by the NCEP.
2013
Body mass index (BMI) is well known as an independent risk factor for insulin resistance. In addition, lower BMI and lower insulin levels are recognized as specific characteristics of Asian diabetes patients. Since the triglyceride-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG-HDL) is positively associated with insulin level, but inversely associated with insulin sensitivity, we supposed that diabetes combined with high but not with low TG-HDL might be positively associated with BMI. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,431 Japanese subjects (905 men and 1,526 women) aged 30-79 years, who underwent a general health check, to investigate associations between BMI, diabetes and its subtypes that we defined on the basis of TG-HDL levels, which in turn were categorized according to sex-specific tertiles. Among the 172 diabetic patients identified in the study group, 45 showed low TG-HDL and 82 high TG-HDL. We found a significant inverse association between low-TG-HDL diabe tes and BMI, and...
The Association between Cardiovascular Risk and Elevated Triglycerides
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, 2017
BACKGROUND: The association between elevated triglycerides and cardiovascular risk has been extensively studied. The elevated level of triglycerides occurs through abnormalities in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and intestinal chylomicron synthesis, dysfunctional lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated lipolysis or impaired remnant clearance.CONTENT: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) commonly leads to a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increase in atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, called the atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD). Triglycerides may also stimulate atherogenesis by mechanisms, such excessive release of free fatty acids, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, coagulation factors and impairment of fibrinolysis. Genetic studies strongly support hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and high concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) as causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, lipid mana...
The Journal of Lipid Research, 2013
Evidence has been presented that the plasma concentration ratio of triglyceride (TG)/HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) may provide a relatively simple way to identify apparently healthy insulin-resistant persons with increased cardiometabolic risk (1, 2). However, there is evidence that the actual values of the ratio that best identifi es such individuals will vary as a function of racial/ethnic background (3-7). More recently, it has also been shown that the most useful TG/ HDL-C cut-point to identify cardiometabolic risk is not the same in men and women (2). However, there is essentially no information as to whether age also modifi es the ability of the TG/HDL-C ratio to identify apparently healthy individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk. The primary goal of this analysis was to address this issue, and it is based on data obtained in an apparently healthy population of young men and women, mean age of 19 years. Second, since the diagnostic category of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is commonly used to identify cardiometabolic risk in apparently healthy individuals (3, 8), our second goal was to compare these two approaches to identify insulin resistance (IR) and associated cardiometabolic risk in a population of young adults. In support of this effort is the recent observation that the plasma concentration ratio of TG/HDL-C was an independent determinant of arterial stiffness in adolescents and young adults (9). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study presents results obtained from an epidemiological study from which data of a different nature have been published previously (10).
Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 2021
Aim: Cholesterol levels vary throughout childhood and adolescence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and identify age-and gender-specific reference values for serum lipid concentrations including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and the triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C ratio) in apparently healthy Korean children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 6197 participants aged 10 to 19 years old from the 2007-2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Serum lipid concentrations were evaluated according to age and gender. Results: The overall mean concentration of non-HDL-C was 105.5 25.6 mg/dL, with a significant gender difference: 103.3 26.1 mg/dL in boys and 107.9 24.7 mg/dL in girls (p 0.028). The median values of non-HDL-C concentrations in boys and girls, respectively, were 111 and 112 mg/ dL in the 10-year-old age group, 95 and 103 mg/dL in the 15-year-old age group, and 109 and 103 mg/dL in the 19-year-old age group. The overall mean TG/HDL-C ratio was 1.74 1.22, and there were no significant gender differences: 1.77 1.25 in boys and 1.72 1.22 in girls (p 0.183). The median values of the TG/HDL-C ratio in boys and girls were 1.16 and 1.00 in the 10-year-olds, 1.54 and 0.95 in the 15-year-olds, and 1.74 and 0.84 in the 19-year-olds, respectively. Conclusions: Age-and gender-specific reference values for non-HDL-C and for the TG/HDL-C ratio in children and adolescents could provide valuable information for individualized interpretations of lipid profiles and interventions as well as for strategies to prevent and manage childhood and adolescent dyslipidemia.
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
Aims: We investigated the optimal cutoff points of nonfasting and fasting triglycerides in Japanese individuals with lower average triglyceride levels than westerners. Methods: Residents aged 40-69 years without a history of ischemic heart disease or stroke were enrolled between 1980 and 1994 and followed. Serum triglyceride concentrations were measured from 10851 nonfasting (8 h after meal) and 4057 fasting (≥ 8 h) samples. As a prerequisite, we confirmed the shape of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under ROC curves (AUC), and the integrated time-dependent AUC. We identified optimal cutoff points for incident ischemic heart disease based on C-statistic, Youden index, and Harrell's concordance statistic. We used dichotomized concentrations of triglycerides via the univariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models. We also calculated multivariable hazard ratios and population attributable fractions to evaluate the optimal cutoff points. Results: Nonfasting and fasting optimal cutoff points were 145 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL, with C-statistic of 0.594 and 0.626, Youden index of 0.187 and 0.252, and Harrell's concordance statistic of 0.590 and 0.630, respectively. The corresponding multivariable hazard ratios of ischemic heart disease were 1.43 (95%CI 1.09-1.88) and 1.69 (1.03-2.77), and the corresponding population attributable fractions were 16.1% (95%CI 3.3-27.2%) and 24.6 (−0.3-43.3). Conclusion: The optimal cutoff points of nonfasting and fasting triglycerides in the Japanese general population were 145 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL, respectively, lower than the current cutoff points recommended in the US and Europe.
Atherosclerosis, 2014
Non-fasting triglycerides were reported to have a greater impact on risk of ischemic cardiovascular events than fasting triglycerides. However, evidence from Asia, where the prevalence of dyslipidemia is generally lower, has been limited. We used 1975-1986 baseline surveys to investigate cohort data of 10,659 (4264 men and 6395 women) residents aged 40-69 years, initially free from ischemic heart disease and stroke, in four Japanese communities. Serum triglyceride concentrations at baseline were obtained for 2424 fasting (≥8 h after meal) and 8235 non-fasting (<8 h after meal) participants. During the 22-year follow-up, 284 (165 men and 119 women) developed ischemic heart disease and 666 (349 men and 317 women) ischemic stroke. After adjustment for age, sex and known cardiovascular risk factors, multivariable hazard ratios (95%CI) of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of triglycerides were 1.71 (1.1...
International Journal of Cardiology, 2006
Background and methods: We aimed to assess whether fasting plasma triglycerides independently predicted future fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population having a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. In the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study, a population-based survey, 2682 men and women 20 years of age or over with fasting triglyceride values available and free of CVD at baseline examination in 1990, were prospectively followed up till 2003/04. Triglyceride concentrations were measured by the enzymatic dry chemistry method and stratified into sex-specific quintiles. Information on the mode of death was obtained from first-degree relatives and/or health personnel of local health office. Diagnosis of coronary heart disease and stroke among survivors was based on history, physical examination of the cardiovascular system and Minnesota coding of resting electrocardiograms. A total of 120 fatal and 221 new nonfatal CVD occurred among adults (mean age 43 T 14) during a mean 9.3 years of follow-up. Results: CVD was significantly and independently predicted by the top versus the bottom fasting triglyceride quintile in logistic regression analyses when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication, status of smoking and of glucose regulation (relative risk [RR] in men and all adults 2.38 and 1.79, respectively, p both < 0.02). This corresponded to hazard ratios (HR) of 1.43 in men and 1.28 in men and women combined. Adjustment for HDL-cholesterol instead of total cholesterol in the same model gave also significant HRs corresponding to 1.42 in men and 1.32 in sexes combined. Conclusions: Fasting triglycerides are predictive of future CVD among men with an HR of 1.4, independent of age, diabetes, lipid-lowering medication, traditional risk factors including total cholesterol or HDL-C, in a population in which metabolic syndrome prevails. A modest independent risk increment in women did not reach significance. D Although it is 40 years ago that plasma triglyceride levels were prospectively observed to be associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease in men , and in the first meta-analysis on this subject [2] was noted that most analyses showed a relation between triglycerides and CHD, the evidence for a causal relation with CHD was found incomplete . The main reason was that the relationship failed to be significant after adjustment for covariates, particularly for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) . In a further meta-analysis, summary multivariate RR estimates with adjustment for HDL-C were significant