Genetic targeting of neurogenic precursors in the adult forebrain ventricular epithelium (original) (raw)
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Neuron, 2014
Adult neurogenic niches harbor quiescent neural stem cells; however, their in vivo identity has been elusive. Here, we prospectively isolate GFAP + CD133 + (quiescent neural stem cells [qNSCs]) and GFAP + CD133 + EGFR + (activated neural stem cells [aNSCs]) from the adult ventricular-subventricular zone. aNSCs are rapidly cycling, highly neurogenic in vivo, and enriched in colony-forming cells in vitro. In contrast, qNSCs are largely dormant in vivo, generate olfactory bulb interneurons with slower kinetics, and only rarely form colonies in vitro. Moreover, qNSCs are Nestin negative, a marker widely used for neural stem cells. Upon activation, qNSCs upregulate Nestin and EGFR and become highly proliferative. Notably, qNSCs and aNSCs can interconvert in vitro. Transcriptome analysis reveals that qNSCs share features with quiescent stem cells from other organs. Finally, small-molecule screening identified the GPCR ligands, S1P and PGD 2 , as factors that actively maintain the quiescent state of qNSCs.
Nature Neuroscience, 2004
Establishing the cellular identity in vivo of adult multipotent neural progenitors is fundamental to understanding their biology. We used two transgenic strategies to determine the relative contribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing progenitors to constitutive neurogenesis in the adult forebrain. Transgenically targeted ablation of dividing GFAP-expressing cells in the adult mouse subependymal and subgranular zones stopped the generation of immunohistochemically identified neuroblasts and new neurons in the olfactory bulb and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Transgenically targeted cell fate mapping showed that essentially all neuroblasts and neurons newly generated in the adult mouse forebrain in vivo, and in adult multipotent neurospheres in vitro, derived from progenitors that expressed GFAP. Constitutively dividing GFAP-expressing progenitors showed predominantly bipolar or unipolar morphologies with significantly fewer processes than non-neurogenic multipolar astrocytes. These findings identify morphologically distinctive GFAP-expressing progenitor cells as the predominant sources of constitutive adult neurogenesis, and provide new methods for manipulating and investigating these cells.
Glia, 2011
In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis originates from astrocyte-like stem cells. We generated a transgenic mouse line in which the tetracycline dependent transactivator (tTA) is expressed under the control of the murine GFAP promoter. In this mouse line, inducible gene expression targets virtually all GFAP-expressing stem-like cells in the dentate gyrus and a subset of GFAP-expressing progenitors located primarily in the dorsal wall/dorsolateral corner of the subventricular zone. Outside the neurogenic zones, astrocytes are infrequently targeted. We introduce a panel of transgenic mice which allow both inducible expression of candidate genes under control of the murine GFAP promoter and, at the same time, lineage tracing of all cells descendant from the original GFAP-positive cell. This new mouse line represents a versatile tool for functional analysis of neurogenesis and lineage tracing. V
The Molecular Profiles of Neural Stem Cell Niche in the Adult Subventricular Zone
PLoS ONE, 2012
Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in a unique microenvironment called the neurogenic niche and generate functional new neurons. The neurogenic niche contains several distinct types of cells and interacts with the NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. While several molecules produced by the niche cells have been identified to regulate adult neurogenesis, a systematic profiling of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules in the neurogenic regions involved in maintenance, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs has not been done. We took advantage of the genetic inducible fate mapping system (GIFM) and transgenic mice to isolate the SVZ niche cells including NSCs, transit-amplifying progenitors (TAPs), astrocytes, ependymal cells, and vascular endothelial cells. From the isolated cells and microdissected choroid plexus, we obtained the secretory molecule expression profiling (SMEP) of each cell type using the Signal Sequence Trap method. We identified a total of 151 genes encoding secretory or membrane proteins. In addition, we obtained the potential SMEP of NSCs using cDNA microarray technology. Through the combination of multiple screening approaches, we identified a number of candidate genes with a potential relevance for regulating the NSC behaviors, which provide new insight into the nature of neurogenic niche signals.
2020
ABSTRACTNeural stem cells (NSCs) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) contribute to olfaction by being the origin of most adult-born olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons. The current consensus maintains that adult NSCs are radial glialike progenitors apically contacting the lateral ventricle and generating intermediate progenitors migrating at the basal V-SVZ. Whether basal NSCs are present in the V-SVZ is unknown. We here used genetic tagging of NSCs in vivo and additional labelling approaches to reveal that basal NSCs lacking apical attachment represent the largest NSC type in the postnatal V-SVZ from birth onwards. Despite dividing faster than their apical counterpart, basal NSCs still undergo long-term self-renewal and quiescence. Unlike apical NSCs, they are largely devoid of primary cilia and Prominin-1, Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Six weeks after viral tagging of apical cells, few descendant cells were detected in the basal V-SVZ,...
Journal of Neuroscience, 2007
We determined the embryonic origins of adult forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells by Cre-lox fate mapping in transgenic mice. We found that all parts of the telencephalic neuroepithelium, including the medial ganglionic eminence and lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) and the cerebral cortex, contribute multipotent, self-renewing stem cells to the adult SVZ. Descendants of the embryonic LGE and cortex settle in ventral and dorsal aspects of the dorsolateral SVZ, respectively. Both populations contribute new (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled) tyrosine hydroxylase- and calretinin-positive interneurons to the adult olfactory bulb. However, calbindin-positive interneurons in the olfactory glomeruli were generated exclusively by LGE-derived stem cells. Thus, different SVZ stem cells have different embryonic origins, colonize different parts of the SVZ, and generate different neuronal progeny, suggesting that some aspects of embryonic patterning are preserved in the adult SVZ. This could have important implications for the design of endogenous stem cell-based therapies in the future.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8(01), pp 087-092, January, 2018, 2018
Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the fate of human olfactory bulb neural stem cells (hOBNSCs). Reportedly, these cells can be expanded in vitro under prolonged mitogen stimulation without propensity to transform. Material and methods: We assessed their possible ability to proliferate and differentiate into different neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes through monitoring changes in expression profile of proliferation (NES, NR4A1, SOX2, MSI1) and differentiation (FOXO4, CSPG4, MAP2, GFAP)-related genes. Results: In vitro induction of hOBNSCs proliferation by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to basal serum-free medium (DMEM/F12) resulted in significant up-regulation of proliferation-related genes. Differentiation of hOBNSCs, which was initiated by replacing bFGF and EGF by triiodothyronine (T3), significantly increased expression of differentiation-related genes. Among the differentiated cells, GFAP-expressing astrocytes constituted the highest population of cells followed by CSPGS-expressing immature oligodendrocytes, then MAP2-expressing immature neurons, and finally FOXO4-expressing mature oligodendrocytes. Conclusion: These data will enable us to understand the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of hOBNSCs before and after their engraftment during cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology, 2012
Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) residing in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse forebrain have been shown to enhance their neurogenic potential in response to CNS injury. Mechanisms involved in regulating adult neurogenesis under naïve or stressed conditions can be studied using a monolayer cell-culture system of the nestin-expressing NSPC lineage to analyze proliferation, survival and differentiation. Here, we describe a protocol for the expansion of NSPCs for studies aimed at understanding the functional role of NSPCs in maintaining adult neurogenic processes. In this unit, we outline in detail the procedures for: (1) isolation, maintenance and culture of the NSPC component of the SVZ niche from the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle; (2) characterization of NSPC functions by examining proliferation, survival and differentiation; and (3) efficient siRNA transfection methods in 96-well format.