Antimicrobial and toxicity tests of flavonoid total Dendrophthoe pentandra (L) miq from false ashoke tree (Polyalthia longifolia) (original) (raw)
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Veterinary World, 2022
Background and Aim: The flavonoids from mistletoe are thought to have antimicrobial action. This encouraging finding supports the benefits of medicinal plants as a substitute for synthetic antimicrobials, thus promoting healthy lifestyles. In contrast, it is known that the use of topical drug formulations made from flavonoids of mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Loranthaceae) with Indonesian name, Benalu duku (BD) is required in skin cell irritation. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the flavonoid substances of BD, as an initial screening. Materials and Methods: A myeloma cell line was cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium, and the Baby Hamster Kidney clone 12 (BHK21) cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium from stock (±9 × 107 cells/mL), and 1.2 mL of culture were distributed into each well of a microtiter plate. Subsequently, 0.2 mL of serially diluted flavonoid compounds (0.5–3 μg/mL) were added to 12 wells for each concentration, as trial groups (including control groups), followed by a 2-day incubation. Observations were performed based on the cytopathic effect (CPE) using an inverted microscope at a magnification of 100×. Results: Cytopathic effect was detected on the microtiter plate wells for the groups of myeloma and BHK21 cells at a flavonoid concentration of 0.5 μg/mL–3 μg/mL. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds from BD were safely used for topical treatment of cancer cells at a concentration <2.491 μg/mL, whereas for non-cancerous cells, a concentration <2.582 μg/mL was sufficient (p < 0.05).
Oriental Journal of Chemistry
Dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant that has been used in traditional medicine.The study was conducted to identify the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, to test antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract stems of D. falcata parasite on Melia azedarach host tree. The dry powder stems of D. falcata was extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extract was subsequently partitioned successively using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was analyzed by a quantitative phenolic and flavonoid content with spectrophotometer method, and tested as antioxidant and antimicrobial activites. Antioxidant activity was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) method, while antimicrobial assay used pathogenic bacteria by disk-diffusion method. The results concluded that the stem of D. falcata plant showed a high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, very high antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activities. It was also found that stems of ...
Chemical and Biological Studies of Leaf Extract of Dendrophthoe falcata Linn
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018
Dendrophthoe falcata (Family Loranthaceae) is used extensively in rural area as a component of ethno-medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the crude extracts and the fractions obtained from D. falcata were investigated for potential chemical constituents and some biological activities. For medicinal properties the antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and thrombolytic activities have been investigated. The structures of the isolated three compounds were solved by extensive analyses of their high resolution 1HNMR spectroscopic data. They were identified as Lupeol, 3-β-acetoxy-12-ene-11-one and β-sitosterol. For bioactivities, the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions abbreviated as PESF, DCMSF, CSF and AQSF respectively. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate potential cytotoxic activities, where all fractions showed significant activity with lower LC50. Most significant activity has been observed for methanol ...
The anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic content of alcoholic extracts from seven medicinal plants (Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum sanctum, Cassia fistula, Piper betel, Citrus aurantifolia, Catharanthus roseus, and Polyalthia longifolia) were evaluated by using a model system consisting of β-carotene, DPPH free radical and Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total Phenolic content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and ranged from 366mg/100g to 212 mg/100g on fresh weight basis. The total flavanoid content of extracts determined by Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and ranged from 39.84mg/100g to 15.94mg/100g of fresh weight. The highest antioxidant activity was demonstrated by Citrus auantifolia (87.05%) followed by Ocimum sanctum (81.80%) and Catharanthus roseus (71.4%). The highest tannin content was found to be in Catharanthus roseus (7.14%) while in case of anthocyanin content the highest value was found to be in Polyalthia longifolia (0.65mg/l). As far as antimicrobial activity is concerned, Ocimum sanctum and Citrus aurantifolia were found to be most potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus whereas Piper betel showed no effect. Except Piper betel all the extracts were able to inhibit the two bacterial strains and the zone of inhibitions ranged from 19.6 mm to 13.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli in case of Ocimum sanctum is 10% and against S. aureus it is 20% while in case of Citrus aurantifolia extracts were active even at 10% concentration for E. coli and 15% for S. aureus.
Bioactivities Evaluation of Indonesian Mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) iq.) Leaves Extracts
2012
Mistletoes or benalu in bahasa Indonesia is a semi-parasitic plant that also known as medicinal plant. It used in traditional/alternative medicine such as for for cough, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, diuretic, smallpox, ulcer, skin infection and after childbirth treatment. There are many species of mistletoes in Indonesia. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is one of the Indonesian mistletoes species that commonly found grew on many different species of host plant. In this paper we reported in vitro toxicity, antioxidant and antidiabetes activities of MeOH and water extracts of D. pentandra grew on four different host plants (Stelechocarpus burahol, Spondias dulcis, Annona squamosa and Camellia sinensis). Toxicity was measured using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Antidiabetes activity was measured using -glucosidase inhibitor assay. The results show that all mistletoes extracts tested (MeOH and water extracts) were non-toxic and show significant antidiabetes activity, whereas for antioxidant activity, only MeOH extracts show significant activity. Therefore, it is suggest that D. pentandra extracts are potential source for natural antioxidant and antidiabetes compounds.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OFA PLANT FLAVONOIDS
International Journal of Engineering & Scientific Research, 2017
Antimicrobial activity of leave extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella aerogenes was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The cold water and ethanol extracts demonstrated promising activity against the test organisms. The P. muellerianus flavonoid extracts exhibits activity on all the test organisms producing zones of inhibition ranging from 11-18mm. The activity of ethanol extract was more pronounced (MIC 6.25mg/Ml) against S. aureus while the least activity was against E. coli and K. aerogenes (MIC 50mg/mL). However, the S. typhi and E. coli were inhibited in all concentration of ethanol and cold water extracts assayed respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) showed that ethanol extract had lowest MIC value (6.25mg/mL) against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and K. aerogenes and cold water extract had the lowest MIC value (6.25mg/Ml) against S. aureus. This investigation therefore supports the traditional medicinal use of P. muellerianus leaves as a source of antimicrobial agents and suggests that further studies should be conducted to isolate and identify the active component and mechanism of action.
Medicinal plants (Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Moringa oleifera) were analysed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The invitro antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method and MIC method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. The flavanoid rich fraction of Moringa oleifera was more effective against S. aureus and B. subtilis with zone of inhibition percentage of 17.93 & 23.40 respectively at the concentration of 20μl/ml where as H. rosasinensis showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli & P. vulgaris with a zone of inhibition percentage 17.06 & 18.96 respectively at the concentration of 20μl/ml. The flavonoid rich fraction of petals of H. rosasinensis showed effective antioxidantactivity than Moringa oleifera in all assay techniques. The results provided the evidence that the studied medicinal plants are to be potent source ofnatural antioxidant and medicinally important compounds.
The phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the leaf and seed extracts of Dennettia tripetala were studied. Alcohol, cold and hot water solvents were used for the extraction of the bioactive ingredients. According to the results saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids. anthranoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins were observed in the ethanolic extract of the samples while phenols and anthraquinones were not present in either of the aqueous extracts from the leaves. Tarmins, phenols, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides were observed in all the seed extracts. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the plant parts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was examined with ciprofloxaxin as control. The zones of inhibition ranged from 12mm to 18mm for leaf extracts and 10mm to 18mm for seed extracts. The MIC was observed to be 125mg/mL for the ethanolic extracts on S. aureus and E. coli while it was 250mg/mL for both hot and cold aqueous extracts on both microorganisms. The MIC was observed to be 125mg/mL and 250mg/mL for the ethanolic seed extracts on S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Both the cold and hot aqueous seed extracts had MIC values of 250mg/mL on both microorganisms. The MBC was 125mg/mL and 250mg/niL for the ethanolic extract on E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The MBC was 500mg/mL for both the cold and hot aqueous leaf extracts as well as ethanolic seed extracts for both microorganisms while the hot and cold aqueous seed extracts had no bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The results illustrate the need for economic exploitation of these bioactive compounds found in the plant.
Traditional medicine plays an important role in the primary health care in India. Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew has been used as medicine for curing diseases by different tribal communities of North East India. An ethno-medicinal study was done among few tribal communities of this region through questionnaires in consultations with the tribal practitioners and has resulted in the documentation of various uses of the plant for curing diverse form of ailments. Further, in vitro study was carried out to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties from the leaf extract of the plant. The methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gramnegative bacteria, one yeast species using Agar diffusion method and for their antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrozyl) radical method. Antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria only. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the 75 and 100% methanolic extracts but no extract showed any antifungal activity against Candida albicans used in the study. The methanolic leaf extracts of 75 µg/ml and 100µg/ml concentrations also exhibited high free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and others, which could be responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
Determination of Some Flavonoids and Antimicrobial Behaviour of Some Plants' Extracts
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
C. sativa, C. intybus, L. stoechas, V. officinalis and G. glabra plants were extracted by using 65% ethanol to isolate their active constituents. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were investigated against 15 microorganisms by using the disk diffusion method, MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) and MFC (Minimal Fungicidal Concentration) tests. Furthermore, the presence of eight flavonoids were analysed by using HPLC. It was found that C. sativa is active against C. albicans, E. faecalis, S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium with MIC values of 26.02 µg/mL, 13.01 µg/mL, 416.25 µg/mL and 832.50 µg/mL respectively, where C. intybus is active against C. albicans and E. faecalis, with MIC values of 13.01 µg/mL and 6.50 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, L. stoechas and V. officinalis were observed to be active against only S. enteritidis with MIC values of 52.03 µg/mL and 26.02 µg/L respectively, where G. glabra was active against only E. faecalis, with a MIC value of 52.03 µg/mL. The extracts of plant samples showed antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms at different levels. But the activities against C. albicans and E. faecalis is noteworthy. The flavonoids were determined at different amounts in extracts.