Occupational Therapy–Related Assessments for Adults With Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review (original) (raw)
Related papers
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners use a range of habilitative and compensatory approaches to teach new skills or modify tasks and environments to address occupational performance among adults with intellectual disability (ID); therefore, they must identify and use available evidence to guide intervention planning. Objective: To summarize the scope of evidence that can inform occupational therapy intervention with adults with primary or comorbid ID. Data Sources: Articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2002 and January 2018 and indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Study Selection and Data Collection: A total of 159 articles met inclusion criteria and contained information on occupational therapy intervention with adults ages 18 yr or older with primary or coexisting ID. Findings: Fifty-seven of the 159 articles focused on intervention to address occupational performance outcomes (i.e., employment, self-care, leisure and social interaction...
2009
We examined the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, and known-group validity) of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) in people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 111 people with intellectual disabilities and 19 people with no disabilities were included. We used Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman’s rho, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and one-way analysis of variance for analysis, where appropriate. Results showed good internal consistency on Orientation, Visual Perception, Spatial Perception, Visuomotor Organization, and Thinking Operations subscales (Cronbach’s αs = .82, .74, .76, .86, and .80, respectively), but not on the Motor Praxis subscale (α = .48). We found significant correlations between participants’ performance on the Pictorial IQ test and disability level and scores on the LOTCA. The known-group validity of the LOTCA in people with intellectual disabilities was satisfactory. We concluded that the LOTCA is...
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2009
We examined the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, and known-group validity) of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) in people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 111 people with intellectual disabilities and 19 people with no disabilities were included. We used Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's rho, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and one-way analysis of variance for analysis, where appropriate. Results showed good internal consistency on Orientation, Visual Perception, Spatial Perception, Visuomotor Organization, and Thinking Operations subscales (Cronbach's αs = .82, .74, .76, .86, and .80, respectively), but not on the Motor Praxis subscale (α = .48). We found significant correlations between participants' performance on the Pictorial IQ test and disability level and scores on the LOTCA. The known-group validity of the LOTCA in people with intellectual disabilities was satisfactory. We concluded that the LOTCA is a suitable instrument for measuring cognitive abilities and visual perception in people with intellectual disabilities.
Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Purpose Lack of research means guidance regarding the most effective sensory interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities is limited. Preliminary consensus evidence was created by gathering experienced occupational therapists’ views on practice. The purpose of this study was to establish important elements of practice when using sensory integration-informed approaches on assessment and treatment units. Design/methodology/approach A modified Delphi process was used to gather, explore and synthesise the views of 13 occupational therapists. Data was collected via online surveys and included quantitative importance ratings and qualitative comments. Findings An experienced panel was in strong agreement regarding many elements of practice they felt were important for use in this setting, and a list of important practice items was created. Two themes were identified: “Complexity” and “Pragmatism vs. Ideal World.” The themes highlight challenges to practice in this area and the c...
2021
Problem: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have the desire to live as independently as possible (Gragoudas, 2014). There are a number of barriers that impact living independently including the ability to complete self-care tasks, money management, home management, and health management (Bond & Hurst, 2010). Other barriers reported for individuals with ID include relationships with caregivers, living alone, and vulnerability (Bond & Hurst, 2010). Research identifies that it is difficult to determine the amount of support needed to promote independence in individuals with ID (Francis & Reed, 2019). Occupational therapists (OTs) possess a unique skillset to assist clients with ID to increase their independent living skills. Despite having this skillset, OTs report uncertainty in choosing the most effective interventions for clients with ID to obtain the highest level of functional independence (Helloasiwise, 2018). This scholarly project used the Cognitive Performance Tes...
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2010
Background Health disparities between adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the general population have been well documented but, to date, no dedicated assessment battery for measuring health disparity has been available. This paper reports on the development and testing of a multinational assessment battery for collecting data on a range of health indicators relevant to adults with ID. Methods An assessment battery (the P15) was developed following piloting, and administered to samples of adults with ID, in 14 EU countries. Samples were neither random, nor representative of the countries from which they were drawn. However, within the local health administration areas selected in each country, efforts were made to ensure samples were broadly representative of the typical living circumstances, ages and ability levels of the administrative population of adults with ID. The total sample comprised 1269 adults with ID, of whom 49% were female. The mean age was 41 years (range 19 to 90). Results Overall, feasibility, internal consistency and face validity of the P15 was acceptable. Conclusions With some refinement the P15 could be useful for collecting data on health indicators known to be particularly important for adults with ID. It is useable in a range of countries and has the potential to highlight health inequity for adults with ID at a national or local level. Larger scale epidemiological studies are needed to exploit the potential of the P15 to address health inequity in this group.
Developing a Set of Health Indicators for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Pomona Project
Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2005
Abstract The European Commission's Health Monitoring Programme culminated in the development of a set of European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) for the general population. Despite evidence of marked disparities between the health of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and their peers in the general population, the ECHI contain no significant reference to people with ID. To address this deficit, a two-year grant from the Health Monitoring Programme was awarded to the Pomona project (a collection of researchers from 13 European countries). The project comprised exchanges of expertise; a critical review of published evidence about health and ID; and consultative processes in member states. The project's finding was that there was no systematic monitoring of the health of people with ID in EU member states and, as a consequence, a set of health indicators specific to people with ID was proposed that could lead to such systemic monitoring.
Family Practice
Background. People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) experience health inequalities. Applying health assessments is one way of diminishing these inequalities. A health assessment instrument can support general practitioners (GPs) in providing better medical care to people with ID. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine which items should be part of a health assessment instrument for people with ID to be used in primary care. Methods. This Delphi consensus study was conducted among 24 GP experts and 21 ID physicians. We performed three anonymous sequential online questionnaire rounds. We started with 82 'general' items and 14 items concerning physical and additional examinations derived from the international literature and a focus group study among Dutch GPs. We definitely included items if more than 75% of the GP experts agreed on their inclusion. Results. The participation rate in all rounds was above 88%. The expert groups proposed 10 new items. Consensus was reached on 64 'general' items related to highly prevalent diseases, public health and health promotion. Consensus was also reached on 18 physical and additional examination items. Conclusions. For the first time, experts in a Delphi study were able to arrive at a selection of items for a health assessment instrument for people with ID. The overall agreement among the GPs and ID physicians was good. Because the experts prefer that patients complete the health assessment questionnaire at home, questions that cover these items must be formulated clearly.
Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2007
This paper describes the development of the interRAI-Intellectual Disability (interRAI ID), a comprehensive instrument that assesses all key domains of interest to service providers relative to a person with an intellectual disability (ID). The authors report on the reliability and validity of embedded scales for cognition, self-care, aggression, and depression. Four provider agencies volunteered to participate and assessed a total of 160 community-dwelling adults with ID using the interRAI ID, Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation, and Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior. All scales had acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.74-0.93) and good relationships with the criterion measures ( r = 0.50-0.93, p < 0.0001). The development of the interRAI ID represents an important and successful first step toward an integrated, comprehensive, and standardized assessment of adults with ID. Use of this instrument may lead to more appropriate support planning, enhanced communication between various professionals supporting persons with ID, and a more seamless approach to supports across the health and social service systems.