Why Withdrawal? Why Not Withdrawal? Men's Perspectives (original) (raw)
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Withdrawal users’ perceptions of and experience with contraceptive methods in Manisa, Turkey
Midwifery, 2006
Objective: to gain an understanding of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods among Turkish withdrawal users. Design: population-based, cross-sectional and descriptive study using a questionnaire conducted face to face. Setting: women who live in the Number 6 primary health unit area in Manisa, Turkey. Participants: 276 women who used the 'withdrawal' method for contraception. Measurements and findings: almost all women were aware of modern contraceptive methods. The condom, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and oral contraceptives were the most known methods. The most common reasons for using 'withdrawal' were that this method was reliable, husbands preferred it, it was healthier, easier to use or more convenient than other methods. Conclusion and implications for practice: it is important for midwives and nurses to recognise the effects of cultural beliefs on women's contraceptive use. Educational programmes should be individualised to meet the specific needs of women and their partners.
Attitudes of couples towards withdrawal method in birth control
Cukurova Medical Journal, 2019
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of couples towards withdrawal method.Materials and Methods: 245 couples (490 individuals) between the ages 15-49 who use the withdrawal method took part in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the Withdrawal Method Attitude Scale were used for data collection..Results: The study shows that average scores and positive attitudes towards the withdrawal method was higher in women than men, higher in people with lower levels of education than high levels of education and higher in couples who spoke the Kurdish native language than the Turkish native language. The differences in all cases were statistically significant. Women also recorded higher scores and more positive attitudes than men when it came to the five sub dimensions of the withdrawal method attitude scale and the differences between them were statically significant.Conclusion: This study provides important information for health professionals, du...
Determinants of choosing withdrawal over modern contraceptive methods in Turkey
Objectives The determinants of the use of withdrawal in Turkey are examined using a multinomial logistic model. Methods Data were drawn from a nation-wide population-based cross-sectional study, the Turkish Demographic Health Surveys that took place in 1998 and 2003. Detailed interviews were conducted with 8576 women aged 15–49 and analysed using SPSS. Results Contextual, cultural and demographic characteristics define women’s choice of withdrawal over modern methods. Socio-economic status, education, employment status, and past fertility behaviour are among key determinants. First-ever used contraception method has a very strong impact on later choices. Urban women, the more educated, those with better socioeconomic status, and those living in less crowded households resort less to withdrawal. Experience and empowerment positively linked to modern contraceptive use among women in Turkey. Conclusions The use of contraceptive methods in Turkey differs greatly. Empowerment of women in terms of better socioeconomic status, better education, modern and liberal attitudes towards women and family planning seem to reduce withdrawal use as the main method of contraception. The results suggest the need for education (particularly targeting young women and couples), information and provision of modern contraceptive services particularly for disadvantaged groups.
BMC Public Health, 2010
Background Withdrawal as a method of birth control is still used in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore married women's perspectives and attitudes on withdrawal use instead of oral contraceptive (OC) in Tehran, Iran. Methods This was a qualitative study. Participants were 50 married women, not currently pregnant, not desiring pregnancy and who had been using withdrawal for contraception. Face-to face interviews were conducted to collect data. Content analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results Four major themes were extracted from the interviews: advantages, disadvantages, barriers for OC use, and husband-related factors. Advantages of withdrawal use were identified as: easy to use, convenient, ease of access, natural. Even those participants who had experienced unwanted pregnancy while using withdrawal, relied on withdrawal as their contraceptive method. Disadvantages of OC included concerns about side effects. Barriers related to use of OC included the need for ...
Reasons for couples to prefer withdrawal method in Turkey
Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 2015
This study was conducted in order to determine the reasons why men and women choose the withdrawal method, one of the traditional methods in preventing pregnancy. The study sample was composed of married women aged 15-49 years (150) and their partners. The study was applied in the Süleymaniye Obstetrics and Gynecology Training and Research Hospital. Data required for the research was collected during three month period of time via questionnaires on women and men, and was prepared in the light of recent literature on this subject. While analyzing the data, we used percentage, average and chi-squared testing. It was discovered that women's knowledge on family planning methods was significantly higher than men's (p<0.05). We found that there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of their reasons to choose withdrawal as a birth-control (p<0.05). The rate of the men who preferred withdrawal method (33.3%) was founded to be significantly higher than women (18%) (p<0.05). Although women were significantly more conscious about family planning than men, men were the ones to decide the method to use.
Reasons for Choosing the Traditional Method (Withdrawal) as Contraception among Women in Tabriz/Iran
International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences, 2014
Objectives: Approximately 48% of all pregnancies in the US are unintentional, unplanned, or mistimed and most unplanned pregnancies result from non-continuous, incorrect use or not using a contraceptive method. Choice of a method should be based on the effectiveness and protection provide against unwanted pregnancy. Aim of this study was determining reasons for choosing the traditional method (withdrawal) as contraception. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants in this study consisted of 387 married women who used withdrawal method. Samples were selected randomly. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Chi square, independent-samples t-test , Pearson test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis through SPSS 18. Results: Findings indicated that 121 (31.3%) women chose this method because they were sure that, it has same influences as other contraceptive methods, 114 (29.5%) ones chose it due to fearing of infertility by other contraceptive methods and 64 (16.5%) women said that their husbands are reluctant to use other methods. Conclusion: The results showed that the wrong believes or lack of information cause women to choose this unsafe method. So providing women with necessary information in this field by health care providers can be most effective way for replacing effective methods and preventing unwanted pregnancy.
2005
Since its establishment in 1989, the FP program of Iran has taken great strides in raising contraceptive prevalence rate and reducing fertility. National surveys conducted since 2000 indicate a mean contraceptive prevalence rate of 74 + and a TFR of about 2.1 for the country as a whole. Traditional urban-rural gap in contraceptive prevalence rates has also been all but eliminated. The main reason for the success of the program would seem to rest in the easy availability of a wide mix of modern contraceptives offered by a community level delivery system integrating FP with other elements of maternal and child health and reproductive health services. Despite the explicit promotion and ready availability of modern methods, however, almost one-fifth of all couples continue to rely on the traditional method of withdrawal. This paper reviews the latest data on the extent of use of withdrawal by Iranian couples and identifies major social and demographic characteristics of women relying on...
Continuing Use of Withdrawal as a Contraceptive Method in Iran
Canadian Studies in Population
Since its establishment in 1989, the family planning program of Iran has taken great strides in raising contraceptive prevalence rate and reducing fertility. The most recent national survey conducted in 2000 indicated a contraceptive prevalence rate of 74 and a TFR of 2.0 for the country as whole. This paper reviews the latest data on the extent of use of withdrawal by Iranian couples and identifies the social and demographic characteristics of women relying on this method. It is shown that women using this traditional method are more likely to be urban, come from the more developed provinces, and have higher levels of education. The experience of unintended pregnancy among withdrawal user is not more than the women who use modern contraceptives such as the pill.
The usage and discontinuation of contraceptive methods
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2011
Objective This study aims to determine the rates of contraceptive discontinuation and usage failure and to examine their relation with termination of pregnancy. Materials and methods This is a descriptive (cross-sectional) type of study. The study population was chosen among women treated at a state hospital in Karaman City, located in the southern part of Turkey. A total of 695 women were interviewed for the present study. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview technique with the questionnaire developed by the researchers. Chi-square test was applied as the significance test. Results While 44.3% and 23.7% of the women used medical and traditional methods of contraception, respectively, 32.0% did not use any method at all. Sixty percentage of the unintended pregnancies were terminated. Unintended pregnancy rate due to use of the withdrawal method was significantly high (p \ 0.000). For the reasons of women's discontinuation of family planning methods, it was observed that both usage failure and unintended pregnancy were among the top reasons for the discontinuation of medical methods; discontinuation of the withdrawal method was due to unintended pregnancies. Conclusions Withdrawal users have the highest unintended pregnancy rates. Most of these unintended/unplanned pregnancies are terminated. To increase the rate of use of medical contraceptive methods, users should be provided with adequate and high-quality consultancy services and evaluation of the applicant should be in accordance with the WHO criteria.