Conflicting and harmonious sibling relationships of children and adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (original) (raw)
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Reflection of sibling relationships into the kinetic family drawings during the preschool period
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010
This study is designed to show how sibling relationships are reflected into the results of kinetic family drawing test that is a projective drawing technique. For this aim, a kinetic family test was administered to a total of fifty-one children individually. The findings obtained, the information collected from the child's family as his/her teacher as drawings and their stories were all analysed using qualitative content analysis. Accordingly, meaning units and categories were developed. One of the emergent categories is that of sibling relationships. It is found that the meaning units that make up this category are the lack of sibling figure in the kinetic family drawing, the lack of sibling figure in the story of the drawing and in the drawings in regard to sibling, the sibling is far from the other family members and it is also found that all these qualities are reflected in the seven drawings.
2020
Qualitative approach with a multiple case study design was put forwardQualitative approach with a multiple case study design was put forward to explore the psychological problems experienced by postgraduate students and their children based on the children’s drawings. The problems involve depression, stress and anxiety. Both adults and children face difficulty in expressing their feelings and problems. Thus, this study explores the problem through the Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) approach based on children’s drawings that depict their families being involved in some activities or events. A convenient sampling was used to collected data from three children from two Asian mothers pursuing postgraduate studies. An open-ended interview was conducted on the children and their mothers aimed at an in-depth understanding of the problem situation. Bracketing and member checking procedures were employed in order to produce more pronounced results. Bracketing requires the researcher to go back...
Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2011
This study used a qualitative design to examine intergenerational relationships facilitated by an intervention employing Google SketchUpÔ, a freeware 3D design program. Seven high-functioning boys (ages 8-17) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) participated in computer workshops. The investigators capitalized on the boys' strengths in visual-spatial skills. The interdisciplinary team structured the workshops to facilitate computer skill development as well as social interaction. Qualitative analysis involved thematic analysis of transcripts from focus groups with parents and grandparents. The two key themes that emerged were as follows: (i) reframing expectations (parental efficacy and creating a safe environment) and (ii) building intergenerational bridges among parents, children, siblings, and grandparents. These findings indicate that technology can build on the strengths of children with ASD and promote social engagement of the children with their families. . Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge the amazing children and families who participated in this program and in particular one of our parents, Lynn Frick-Dolan who helped to coordinate the parents and the schools. We also need to give special appreciation to Steve Gross, our SketchUp expert and designer, who is a wonderful role model of ''late blooming''. He captivated the children, families and research team with his creativity, talent, gentle nature, and patience. We would like to thank Vick Rathunde for her guidance with the children. And to Tom Wyman, Chris Cronin, and Barry Janzen from Google who are inspiring our project with their support and who are original founders of Project Spectrum.
Drawing the researcher into data: drawing as an analytical tool in qualitative research
Qualitative Research, 2022
In qualitative research, visual methods often entail engaging with images as the subject of analysis. Yet, images may be of value also as a means of analysis. This article reflects on this analytical value in relation to drawings. To this end, the authors explore drawings made by researchers in various phases of qualitative research. Drawings made ‘in the margin’ are put centre stage to better understand their role in data analysis. They allow revisiting situations; and they supplement the audio-to-text act of transcribing. Actively drawing involves and stimulates a sensory engagement with the phenomena under study and the data. Drawings furthermore play an important role in arranging and re-arranging concepts when formulating conclusions. Examples highlight how researchers may explicitly incorporate drawing in data analysis to harness the potential of a multisensory skill set and engage with transcribing in new ways.
Snapshots reflecting the lives of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders
Background Past research focused on the effects of raising a child with autism spectrum disorder on families. However, most research examined parents' perspectives rather than siblings' perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive design was to use photo elicitation to capture perspectives of siblings living with a child with autism spectrum disorder. Methods Fourteen siblings (nine male) of 13 children with autism spectrum disorder received disposable cameras with 24–27 colour exposures, and were asked to photograph what was important to them within 2 weeks. After developing snapshots, investigators interviewed siblings about their photographs, and used open, axial and selective coding to determine photograph categories and subcategories. Results Two major categories were found: people (family members, non-family members) and non-people (personal items/objects, animals, buildings, scenery). Interviews about photographs reflected experiences siblings had with people/non-people in the snapshots and their normal everyday activities. Most photographs revealed family life and activities any sibling would experience whether or not they lived in a family raising a child with autism spectrum disorder. Conclusions Photo elicitation facilitates communication between children and health-care professionals, and provides information about living with a child with autism spectrum disorder from the sibling's perspective. This information contributes to our knowledge base and allows development of specific intervention plans for siblings of these children.
Exploring Family Drawings with Children Elaborating Role Relationships, Self-Other Constructions
Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 2019
Core constructs formed in relationship with the primary caregiver develop into patterns of relating behaviors which manifest in several areas of the child's life in their thoughts, actions and feelings of significant relationships. These core constructs direct and contribute to the child's sense of how they construe relationships and to their understanding of themselves, and of the world in which they live. However attachment ruptures do interrupt profoundly the child's ability to form these role relations with family members. Drawing on research in personal construct psychology, attachment and developmental trauma, the design study, the assumptions and the application behind the tool (Family Portrait Evaluation Tool) are provided. It was anticipated the tool would capture changes in the structure and complexity of the child's family drawing, and also in the child's responses to the five questions in the tool as the child elaborates role relationships, his/her self-other constructions, over the course of psychotherapy using a personal construct approach. These clinical experiments using the "Family Portrait Evaluation Tool" are illustrated. There is a discussion of the usefulness of this tool as a measure of therapeutic outcome in child psychotherapy, and that the tool can reflect reconstruing by the child as he/she reconnects with their family.
Assessing Portrait Drawings Created by Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Art Therapy, 2008
The ability to attend to the human face is a striking and possibly characteristic deficit for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study collected and reviewed data on how people with ASD approach the drawing task and represent faces in particular. Drawings that were created by 25 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 15 neurotypical children were collected for a pilot study of the Portrait Drawing Assessment. Participants with ASD were rated as more engaged and conversational during the art therapy assessment than their neurotypical counterparts, contradicting widespread characterization of people with ASD as asocial. Portrait drawing was found to be successful as a structured, concrete means for engaging in relationships and holds potential as a therapeutic task for developing face processing and face recognition skills.
Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR)
Manuali – Umanistica
Drawing is an invaluable means of expression for children, which has always appealed to psychologists for its direct communicative features, as well as for the possibility of transcending intercultural differences. This volume allows students and researchers to learn a specific methodology of pictorial data analysis. The characteristics of children's drawings of interpersonal relationship, such as friends, siblings, child-parent, are measured by means of six scales: Cohesion, Distancing, Similarity, Value, Emotions and Conflict, which can be used jointly or individually. The method has proven to be highly useful in psychological research on the development of interpersonal relationships.
Sibling snapshots: Living with youth who have autism or Down syndrome
This study used photography to capture important symbols in the lives of 14 siblings of 13 youth with autism (ASD) and 16 siblings of 15 youth with Down syndrome (DS), and then determine if there were differences in photographs taken according to type of developmental disability, age, and gender of the sibling. Photographs were divided into two categories: photographs of people, including family and non-family members, and non-people, including personal items/objects, animals, and buildings/scenery. Siblings of youth with DS took a higher percentage of photographs of people and family members than siblings of youth with ASD. There were also differences according to age and gender in the people/non people and within family photographs. The 7-9-year-olds took a higher percentage of snapshots of typically developing siblings and him/herself whereas the 10-12-year-olds and the 13-16-year-olds took a higher percentage of photographs of the youth with the disability than the younger age group. Sisters took a higher proportion of people photographs than brothers, while brothers took a higher proportion of family photographs than sisters. Results validate the importance of gathering data in an open-ended manner directly from young people, confirm the use of photography as a method of facilitating communication with young people about important symbols in their lives, and indicate there are differences in the percentage of photographs taken of people/non people and family/non family according to disability, age, and gender of siblings.