Computer Methods in Electric Network Analysis (original) (raw)
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SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2015
Northwestern Anatolian Electricity Power Network (NAEPN) preventive maintenance activities are achieved annually in time. These activities are intended to increase the reliability of the equipments and power network. These activities which related to the circuit breakers, protection relays and measurement transformers are done in all substations and transmission lines in NAEPN. In this study, initially the reported data of fault occurrences in the electrical equipments of the NAEPN are analyzed and then by drawing the diagrams of association between the equipments failure and the time interval from the previous preventive maintenance, the performance of the preventive maintenance group is analyzed. The results of assessments include crucial information that indicates the significance of this research.
Maintenance Of Electrical Installations
2009
This paper considered the maintenance of electrical installations by identifying the ~ypes, the components and the various possible schemes of maintenance. It ~ent ahead to consider various aspects of the installation, various faults and possible remedy. The paper did not however deal exhaustively· with certain aspects o~ electrical installations - more especially special installations for power stations, closed systems/alarms, substations, earthling, instruments, safety and meters. However, the paper adequately dealt with the fundamentals as a ' springboard to handling such other systems.
2013 66th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2013
This paper is a case study of the design process and validation of a simple and effective solution to satisfy the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) PRC-005 protection system maintenance program (PSMP) requirements. The example solution is a protection system monitoring (PSM) application for an in-service system at a hydroelectric generating station. This PSM system uses simple digital communication to collect information from intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to perform real-time validation and status reporting to keep components in working order and to quickly restore the malfunctioning components to proper operation. The PSM controller and all communications are separate from protection and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) communications channels to prevent the possibility of affecting these communications channels. Control is not possible via the PSM communication, and the links are safely added to in-service systems, which simplifies conformance for existing plants. The PSM controller has a real-time operator interface that provides an up-to-the-second audit status of compliance, detected anomalies, and true alarms. The embedded maintenance program automatically performs all of the possible PRC-005 maintenance program activities, including the following: Verification-a means of determining that the component is functioning correctly. Monitoring-the observation of the routine in-service operation of the component. Testing-the application of signals to a component to observe functional performance, observe output behavior, or diagnose problems. Inspection-an operator interface to present visible signs of component failure, reduced performance, and degradation. Calibration-the recommendations for and confirmation of the adjustment of the operating threshold or measurement accuracy of a measuring element to meet the intended performance requirement. Upkeep-the routine activities to ensure that the component remains in good working order and ensure the visibility of any hardware and software service advisories that are relevant to the device application. Restoration-the description and acknowledgement of the completion of actions to restore the proper operation of malfunctioning components. Critical protection system components, including potential transformers, current transformers, relays, controllers, station dc supply, and communications channels, are automatically monitored for function and accuracy. The system includes the automatic collection of event reports and disturbance records to provide enterprise-level event storage and analysis. The system is scalable in size and function. A discussion of future enhancements, such as trip circuit validation, is included in this paper. The isolation of the PSM system from the protection, control, and monitoring (PCM) network operation is also discussed to address system security. The system was tested using the design of an actual hydroelectric generating station. The test also included a full simulation of the system. Two major distinctions between traditional protection system maintenance and the testing performed by the PSM system are the automatic and the continuous nature of the reporting. The PSM system constantly performs evaluations on in-service equipment, evaluating and reporting the overall system health. The PSM system not only improves the overall reliability of the bulk electric system by performing real-time evaluations of critical protection system components but also reduces or eliminates fines due to a missed test.
IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2012
NDUSTRIALELECTRICAL systems require the proper installation, operation, and maintenance (IOM) of equipment for a facility to operate safely and efficiently. Of the many types of electrical installations, those in hazardous areas are likely the most difficult to deal with. Misunderstandings or misinterpretations can easily lead to unsafe conditions that put personnel and facilities at risk. This presentation discusses the critical elements for maintaining various types of hazardous location (HL) equipment. In this article, Class I, Divisions 1 and 2 and Class I, Zones 0, 1, and 2 concepts are discussed. Electrical Installations International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) or the European Union's Atmospheres Explosibles system (ATEX) approvals, installation methods, and maintenance rules are quite different from those in North America. These will vary depending on the area classification, application, and country where the product is used. In some cases, products that are simply declared as approved by the manufacturer without verification by a nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL) or certification body (CB)
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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016
Electrical installations in hazardous locations (classified areas) need careful attention because nonconformities can bring considerable risks not only to the site, but also for other industries and residential areas nearby. To assure safe operation of an industrial facility, it is not only necessary for all electrical and electronic equipment to be used in hazardous locations to be correctly specified and purchased (known as "Ex equipment"), but also properly installed and maintained. The discussion in this paper is largely based upon International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards; however, conceptually the same philosophy is also found on American standards and installations as well.