Historical trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in sediment cores from Sydney estuary, Australia (original) (raw)
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Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2010
The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 mug/kg and the average concentration was 287 mug/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 mug/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant, the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209.
Distribution of PBDEs, HBCDs and PCBs in the Brisbane River estuary sediment
Marine pollution bulletin, 2017
To date, very little or no data exist in literature for some brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and polychlorinated biphenyls in Queensland sediments. These pollutants were measured in the sediments along the Brisbane River estuary. The target compounds were regularly detected in measurable concentrations: PBDEs=33.3-97.8% (n=45), PCBs=94.1-100% (n=51) and HBCDs=79-98% (n=48). Consistently, >90% of the observed ∑8PBDE concentration was attributed to BDE-209. Mean PBDE levels (ng/g dry wt.) were: 4.4±3.2 (∑8PBDE) and 4.4±3.0 (BDE-209) across 22 sampling sites. The mean ∑7PCB and ∑HBCD were 5.4±4.5 and 1.0±1.5ng/g dry wt. respectively. The 25% (α-HBCD), 8% (β-HBCD) and 67% (γ-HBCD) diastereoisomer contributions observed were consistent with values reported in the literature. Contaminant levels are fairly distributed along the River and were generally low compared to similar studies around the world.
Chemosphere, 2011
Sediment cores were taken in 2002 in Lakes Michigan and Huron at six locations. A total of 75 samples were characterized, dated using 210 Pb, and analyzed for 10 congeners of polybromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) including BDE209, as well as 39 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The concentrations of nine tri-through hepta-BDE congeners (∑ 9 PBDE) in the surficial sediments range from 1.7 to 4 ng g-1 for Lake Michigan and from 1.0 to 1.9 ng g-1 for Lake Huron, on the basis of the dry sediment weight. The ∑ 9 PBDEs fluxes to the sediment around the year 2002 are from 36 to 109 pg cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Michigan and from 30 to 73 pg cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Huron, with spatial variations in both lakes. The flux of BDE209 ranges from 0.64 to 2.04 ng cm-2 yr-1 and from 0.67 to 1.41 ng cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, respectively. Dramatic increases in PBDE concentrations and fluxes upward toward the sediment surface and the present time are evident at all locations. The inventory of PBDEs in both lakes appears to be dependent upon latitude and the proximity to populated areas, implying that northbound air plumes from urban areas are the major sources of PBDEs found in the lake sediments at locations away from the shores. Heavier congeners are more abundant in the sediments than in air and fish samples in the region. BDE209 is about 96% and 91% of the total PBDEs on a mass basis in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, respectively; both are higher than the 89% found in Lake Superior, although a t test shows that the value for Lake Huron is not statistically different from that for Lake Superior at the 95% confidence level.
Environmental Pollution, 2007
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were detected in fifteen surface sediments and two sediment cores collected from a river in one heavily industrialized region of South China. TBBPA and DBDPE were detected with concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 230 ng/g dw and from 23 to 430 ng/g dw, respectively. Stri-hepta-BDEs and Snonadeca-BDEs ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 ng/g dw and from 30 to 5700 ng/g dw, respectively. Stri-hepta-BDEs showed an increasing trend whereas for Snona-deca-BDE two sediment cores revealed a decreasing trend in more recent sediment layers which may attributed to the introduction of DBDPE. The rapid increasing trend for TBBPA and DBDPE in recent sediment layers well reflected the rising demand of these two compounds in study area.
2000
... States and Territories: SA South Australia; Tas Tasmania; Vic Victoria; WA Western Australia; NT Northern Territory; ACT Australian Capital Territory ... References Darnerud, PO,Atuma, S., Aune, M., Bjerselius, R., Glynn, A., Petersson Grawe, K. and Becker, W. 2006. ...
Environmental Science & Technology, 2012
While occurrences and origins of hydroxylated (OH-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in organisms have been reported, the fates of these compounds in abiotic matrixes and related trophodynamics are unclear. The present study measured concentrations of nine OH-PBDEs, twelve methoxylated (MeO-) PBDEs, and eleven PBDEs in marine sediments and explored the trophodynamics of OH-PBDEs in five invertebrates, eight fish, and two species of birds from Liaodong Bay, north China. While concentrations of PBDEs were less than the limit of quantification in sediments, concentrations of ΣOH-PBDEs and ΣMeO-PBDEs were 3.2−116 pg/g dry weight (dw) and 3.8−56 pg/g dw, respectively. When the detected compounds were incubated in native marine sediments the interconversion between 6-OH-BDE47 and 6-MeO-BDE47 was observed. This result is consistent with the similar spatial distributions and significant correlation between the concentrations of these naturally occurring compounds. 6-OH-BDE47 and 2′-OH-BDE68 were detected as the two major congeners in organisms collected from Liaodong Bay, and concentrations were 0.24 ± 0.005 ng/g lw (lipid weight) and 0.088 ± 0.006 ng/g lw, respectively. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for invertebrates of 6-OH-BDE47 and 2′-OH-BDE68 were 0.017−0.96 and 0.19−1.5 (except for short-necked clam: 6.3), respectively. Lipid-normalized concentrations of 6-OH-BDE47 and 2′-OH-BDE68 decreased significantly with trophic level with TMFs of 0.21 and 0.15, respectively. The fates of OH-PBDEs in sediment together with their trophodynamics in marine food webs suggested that OH-PBDEs are partitioned into sediment and undergo biodilution in the marine food web.
2021
The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants’ concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ƩPBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32–785 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91–6.57 ng/g), but ƩPBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1–110 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98–235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study's dominant PBDE congener is BDE- 17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14–32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most commonly detected at...
Marine Environmental Research, 2010
15 To characterize the bioaccumulation and historical trends of polybrominated 16 diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Deep Bay, an important water body between Hong Kong 17 and mainland China with a Ramsar mangrove wetland (Maipo), marine organisms and 18 core sediments were collected to determine their PBDEs concentrations. Sediment 19 core dating was accomplished using the 210 Pb method. PBDEs concentrations in fish 20 ranged from 0.17 to 4.16 ng g -1 wet wt., with a mean value of 2.00 ng g -1 wet wt. 21 Temporal trends of the target PBDE congeners levels in core sediment generally 22 increased from 1948 to 2003, with the highest levels in top sediment, suggesting an 23 ongoing PBDEs input. The average sedimentation flux of PBDEs was 0.25 ng cm -2 a -1 , 24 and the double time of total PBDEs concentration was ca. 12.3 a. Correlations 25 between the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) of PBDEs and their 26 corresponding octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow ) were discussed. 27 28