Salmonella in Poultry; An Overview (original) (raw)

Salmonellosis in Poultry: An Overview

International Journal of Livestock Research, 2015

Protecting poultry flocks from contamination by undesirable microorganisms is an extremely important component of commercial poultry production. The introduction of a highly pathogenic, contagious disease organism into poultry flocks could result in serious economic consequences for the whole society. Salmonella are intestinal bacteria that can be transmitted by all animals, including humans. Out of total 2500 serovars the two host-adapted serovars, Salmonella pullorum (pullorum disease) and S. gallinarum (fowl typhoid) mainly affect the poultry. Salmonella can be transmitted both vertically from parent flocks to progeny and horizontally from contamination in the environment to the birds. Good management and bio-security can reduce the risk of introduction and persistence of infections to minimal levels.

A Review of Salmonellosis on Poultry Farms: Public Health Importance

2020

Salmonella spp. is a bacterial causative agent that can cause salmonellosis in humans and animals. Salmonellosis is categorized as an important zoonotic disease in public health. Infection can be acquired by direct contact and indirect contact with animals. Indirect transmission can occur through contact with the environment around animals or with contaminated objects around poultry farms. Salmonella in humans, which is an infectious disease, has three types of infections, namely typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are caused by S. typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. paratyphi), in contrast, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar newport (S. newport), and Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg (S. heildeberg) causes non-typhoid Salmonella infection. The distribution of Salmonella is very widespread and persistent in dry environments but can persist in water for up to several months. In p...

Epidemiology of Poultry Salmonellosis: A Review

Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2015

Salmonellosis is one of the major foodborne disease of significant public health concern. Salmonellosis is considered as one of the most wide spread foodborne zoonosis in industrialized as well as developing countries. It is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and has been commonly associated with foods such as raw meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products. Poultry and poultry products derived from poultry are believed to make up fifty percent of the total vehicle of transmission of salmonella. Typhoid and non-typhoid salmonellosis remain major public health problems and are clearly the most economically important food borne disease. In many countries, the incidence of salmonellosis has markedly increased; however, paucity of good surveillance data exists. Salmonella has five different pathogenicity islands that encodes the majority of the virulence genes used for invasion and evasion of the host. The purpose of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, salmonella pathogenicity islands, invasion, molecular diagnosis, and global regional control and prevention strategies.

Review on Salmonellosis in Poultry and Its Public Health Importance

Food Science and Quality Management, 2017

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease, which cause a serious illness in animals including birds and humans. The disease is caused by various serotypes of Salmonella which are aerobic and faculatative anaerobic, gram-negative rods and motile with the exception of S.pullorum and S.Gallinarum . Salmonella , like most Enterobacteriaceae, are motile, nonspore forming, reduce nitrates to nitrites, ferment glucose, and are oxidase negative.The genus Salmonellaconsists of only two species, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica, with the latter being divided into six subspecies; S. enterica subsp. enterica , S. enterica subsp. salamae , S. enteric subsp. arizonae , S. enterica subsp. diarizonae , S. enterica subsp. houtenae , and S. enterica subsp. indica . It constitutes a major public health burden and represents asignificant cost in many countries. The presence of any serotype of Salmonella in food renders that food unfit for human consumption. Salmonella are known for its w...

Salmonella Infection in Poultry: A Review on the Pathogen and Control Strategies

Microorganisms

Salmonella is the leading cause of food-borne zoonotic disease worldwide. Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are the primary etiological agents associated with salmonellosis in poultry. Contaminated poultry eggs and meat products are the major sources of human Salmonella infection. Horizontal and vertical transmission are the primary routes of infection in chickens. The principal virulence genes linked to Salmonella pathogenesis in poultry are located in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are involved in the defense against Salmonella invasion in poultry. Vaccination of chickens and supplementation of feed additives like prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and bacteriophages are currently being used to mitigate the Salmonella load in poultry. Despite the existence of various control measures, there is still a need for a broad, safe, and well-defined strategy that can confer long-term protection from Sal...

The Role of Poultry in Food Borne Salmonellosis and its Public Health Importance

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015

Salmonella organisms are most frequently isolated bacterial agents of food borne outbreaks. Due to its economic importance and risks to human health, salmonellosis poses significant role in public health. Poultry serves as reservoir of Salmonella and poultry meat and eggs have been implicated in food associated outbreaks of salmonellosis. The presence of Salmonella in poultry makes the food chain unsafe from farm to the table. In this review, we explore various public health aspects of food borne salmonellosis originated from poultry. In India, poultry industry is one of the fastest growing segments and the factors linked to salmonellosis in poultry industry are reviewed. The sources and modes of transmission of this organism and the disease symptoms are briefly explained. Various reports of salmonellosis in poultry, with special emphasis on Indian conditions are also discussed. The emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella is considered as a major global threat to public health, therefore, the antibiotic resistance in Salmonella serovars associated with poultry is also presented.