The effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility (original) (raw)
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Effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012
, from January 2010 to May 2010. The subjects were infertile males married for more than 1 year, and they were selected randomly. The subjects were thoroughly interviewed and were selected according to inclusion criteria. History about cigarette smoking and its duration was obtained and was recorded in the questionnaire form. Results of the semen examinations were collected from the laboratory. Subjects were divided into different groups as nonsmokers and smokers. Smokers were further grouped as light, moderate, and heavy smokers. Sperm motility and morphology were taken as parameters for semen analysis. Results: It was found that 33.3% of nonsmokers showed below 5% sperm motility and 25.9% showed below 3% normal sperm morphology. Meanwhile, 66.7% of smokers showed below 5% sperm motility, and 74.1% showed below 3% normal sperm morphology. Among the 3 groups of smokers, sperm motility below 5% was present in 18.8% of light smokers, 31.2% of moderate smokers, and 50% of heavy smokers. Regarding morphology of sperm, less than 3% of normal sperm cells were present in 25% of light, 35% of moderate, and 40% of heavy smokers. Conclusion: It is concluded that cigarette smoking can affect male fertility by decreasing the sperm motility and percentage of normal sperm cells. These abnormalities are also related to the amount of cigarettes smoked per day.
Smoking and male fertility: a contemporary review
Arch Med Sci, 2009
The turn of the past century has witnessed a remarkable increase in public awareness of the potential hazards of many environmental factors to general health. Extensive research efforts have focused on the effect of smoking on male reproduction. Smoking has been proved to cause deleterious effects on male fertility at various levels, starting from the early stages of spermatogenesis to the post-natal period. We review the current literature on these adverse effects on male fecundity extending our focus beyond the basic semen analysis to sperm DNA damage and the implications of this damage on pregnancy outcomes.
Smoking and Male Infertility: An Evidence-Based Review
The World Journal of Men's Health, 2015
Many studies have reported that the contents of cigarette smoke negatively affect sperm parameters, seminal plasma, and various other fertility factors. Nevertheless, the actual effect of smoking on male fertility is not clear. The effect of smoking on semen parameters is based on the well-established biological finding that smoking increases the presence of reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS has devastating effects on sperm parameters, such as viability and morphology, and impairs sperm function, hence reducing male fertility. However, not all studies have come to the same conclusions. This review sheds light upon the arguable association between smoking and male fertility and also assesses the impact of non-smoking routes of tobacco consumption on male infertility. It also highlights the evidence that links smoking with male infertility, including newly emerging genetic and epigenetic data, and discusses the clinical implications thereof.
Cigarette smoking and male infertility
Journal of Advanced Research, 2010
Numerous studies have identified specific body systems affected by the hazardous effects of the cigarette smoking particularly the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The effect of smoking on male reproduction has also been studied where semen quality was investigated in different cross-sectional studies including infertile patients with conflicting results. This article aimed to assess the relationship between smoking and male infertility.
Significant Effects of Smoking Habit on Male Fertility
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 2013
Background: Smoking is a common health problem worldwide. Many diseases and life threatening conditions have been linked to smoking habits, such as, lung cancer, oral cancer, bronchitis and several gastrointestinal disorders. Infertility link to smoking is still under intensive investigation.
Male cigarette smoking and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clinic
Andrologia, 2009
Semen parameter ~ fertility outcome cigarette smoking ~ human. Summary. The relationship between male cigarette smoking i n d fertility was studied for 330 couples attending an infertility clinic. 59% did not smoke, 10% smoked between 1 and 5 per day, 8% smoked between 6 and 10 per day, 16% smoked 11-20 per day and 7% smoked more than 20 per day. There was no significant association between smoking and any semen parameter. 138 men had a female partner who was apparently normal. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the 'normal' and 'abnormal' female groups. Couples were followed-up for up to 32 months. Nineteen women had a treatment independent conception within the 'normal' female group. There was no significant association between the number of cigarettes smoked and the fertility outcome.
Role of Smoking in Male Infertility
Perceptions in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Objectives: Cigarette smoking is associated with subfertility in males and may lead to a decrease in sperm concentration, lower sperm motility, and a reduced percentage of morphologically normal sperms. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of smoking with semen parameters and the relationship between amount of cigarette smoking and semen parameters. Method: This is a hospital-based cohort study conducted in the Infertility clinics of NEIGRIHMS from December 2019 for a period of 1year. 254 male partners were enrolled for the study. Routine semen analysis was carried out under light microscopy according to WHO guidelines.2010. Data was analysed to find out relation of smoking with semen parameters and the relationship between amount of cigarette smoking per day and semen parameters by using SPSS Software Version 21. Result: In the one-year period we had 140 cases of non-smoker and 114 cases of smokers. On analysis of the findings of sperm count, smokers have relative risk of 2.45 of getting oligozoospermia (p value=0.0005). Smokers have relative risk of 1.5 of having total motility <50%. For progressive motility, smokers have relative risk of 2.01 of getting progressive motility<32%. No dose relationship with abnormal semen parameter. Conclusion: Smoking affected sperm count, and total and progressive motility but there was no dose and effect relationship between number of cigarettes per day and its affect on semen parameter.
Smoking and infertility: a committee opinion
Fertility and Sterility, 2012
Approximately 30% of women of reproductive age and 35% of men of reproductive age in the United States smoke cigarettes. Substantial harmful effects of cigarette smoke on fecundity and reproduction have become apparent but are not generally appreciated. This document replaces the 2008 ASRM Practice Committee document of the same name.
PubMed, 2005
In this prospective study we investigated different semen parameters of infertile smokers with a history of cigarette smoking. 27 infertile men who smoked cigarettes, 79 infertile men who were nonsmokers and 82 healthy nonsmoking donors were evaluated. Smokers had significantly less spermatozoa with motility grade B (9.37% versus 11.9%, p<0.05), decreased results of hypoosmotic swelling test (46.39% versus 52.11%, p<0.05) than nonsmokers infertile men. The concentration of leukocytes in semen was significantly higher in smokers (0.26 mln/ml versus 0.11 mln/ml, p>0.05), which can also suggests oxidative imbalance in the ejaculates of these men. No differences were found in the assessment of sperm concentration, motility grade A, C, D, percentage normal forms and different sperm defects, induced acrosomal reaction and acidic aniline blue staining test between these two groups (p>0.05). Our data demonstrate that cigarette smoking alters semen quality which could worsen fertilizing capability in infertile men.